Introduction to Jin Mao Tower

Introduction

Construction location: No. 88 Century Avenue, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China

Construction start date: May 10, 1994

Completion Date: March 18, 1999

Area: 2.3 hectares

Construction area: 290,000 square meters

Number of building floors: 88 floors above ground, 3 floors underground

Building height: 420.5 meters

Structural form: reinforced concrete structure

Construction cost: 5 billion

Investment unit: China Jinmao (Group) Co., Ltd.

Architectural design: SOM Design Office, Chicago, USA

English name: Jinmao Tower

[Edit this paragraph] Construction History

In early 1999, another landmark building in Shanghai stood proudly on the banks of the Huangpu River. The long-awaited 88-story Jinmao Tower, the third in the world, the second in Asia, and the first in mainland China. ) has finally been launched to the market. This building integrates modern office buildings, luxury five-star hotels, commercial exhibitions, high-end banquets, sightseeing, entertainment, shopping malls and other comprehensive facilities. It is rich in the cultural connotation of the Chinese nation and incorporates the wisdom of Western architectural art. It has become the most convenient, comfortable, flexible and safe ideal place for office, finance, commerce, entertainment and catering in Shanghai today.

The Jin Mao Tower project was approved on December 17, 1992, construction started on May 10, 1994, the structure was capped on August 28, 1997, and it opened for business on March 18, 1999. Fully open on March 28th. Jin Mao Tower covers an area of ??2.3 hectares, with a tower height of 420.5 meters and a total construction area of ??290,000 square meters.

Jin Mao Tower was built by SOM Architectural Design Office, one of the largest architect-engineer firms in the United States.

[Edit this paragraph] Geographical location

The building stands in the Lujiazui Financial and Trade Center on the bank of the Huangpu River, opposite the Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower, adjacent to the Yan'an East Road tunnel entrance, and to Metro No. 2 The main building has 88 floors above ground and 3 floors underground. It is 420.5 meters high, covers an area of ??23,611 square meters, and has a total construction area of ??290,000 square meters. It was once the tallest building in Shanghai and the tallest building in mainland China. It was surpassed by the neighboring World Financial Center on August 29, 2008. Jinmao Tower is an intelligent high-end building that integrates office, business, hotel and other functions. The 3rd to 50th floors are spacious and bright column-free spaces that can accommodate more than 10,000 people working at the same time; the 51st to 52nd floors are Mechanical and electrical equipment floor; the 53rd to 87th floors are the world's tallest super five-star Jinmao Hyatt Hotel. The core from the 56th floor to the top of the tower is a 27-meter-diameter room with a clearance of 142 meters that can refract sunlight through the glass. Surrounding the atrium are 555 guest rooms of different sizes and styles and various Chinese and Western restaurants; the 86th floor is the Entrepreneur Club; the 87th floor is the sky restaurant; The 88th floor is the second-highest tourist floor in China (after the World Financial Center) and can accommodate more than 1,000 tourists. Two high-speed elevators with a speed of 9.1 meters per second will transport tourists directly from the basement level to the first floor in 45 seconds. On the sightseeing floor, look around and have a panoramic view of Shanghai's new look. The basement of Jinmao Tower has 3 floors and some 4 floors, with a construction area of ??57,151 square meters, a parking lot with 800 parking spaces, and a 2,000 bicycle garage. The charging system of the parking lot prepares smart cards for monthly, quarterly and annual rental parking spaces according to different needs of parking guests, or randomly picks up timed tickets for parking. The parking lot with 800 parking spaces is equipped with a parking space information indication and guidance system, which displays and provides statistics and guidance on the parking spaces on each floor and in each area in real time at all times. The 360-degree rotating pan-tilt cameras monitored in every area on each floor take care of your pace partner at all times. You can safely park your car in the underground garage of Jin Mao Tower.

Jinmao Tower is located at the entrance of Yan'an East Road Tunnel in Pudong, next to Century Avenue. It is located in the core area of ??Pudong - the center of Lujiazui Financial and Trade Zone. It faces the bustling scene of Pudong New Area to the east and overlooks Shanghai and Huangpu to the west. It faces the Pudong Zhangyang Road Commercial and Trade Zone in the south and the 100,000-square-meter central green space in the north. The road network around the building is developed and the transportation is very convenient, with direct access to the cross-river tunnel and Metro Line 2. It only takes 2 minutes to go through the tunnel from Jin Mao Tower to the most prosperous neighborhood in Puxi, and only 30 minutes to Shanghai Hongqiao Airport or Pudong International Airport. The geographical location is excellent. It was once the tallest building in Shanghai and the tallest building in mainland China. It was surpassed by the neighboring World Financial Center on August 29, 2008.

The designer of Jin Mao Tower is the famous SOM design firm in Chicago, USA. With innovative design ideas, the designer skillfully combined the world's latest architectural trends with traditional Chinese architectural styles, and successfully designed a world-class, cross-century classic, which has become a milestone in Shanghai-style architecture and has become a famous symbol of Shanghai. It has won many domestic and foreign awards, including the Illinois World Architectural Structure Award, the first place in the Shanghai Top Ten Classic Architecture Gold Awards for the 50th Anniversary of New China, and the Art Creation Achievement Award of the 20th International Congress of Architects.

[Edit this paragraph]Interaction with the World Financial Center

At the beginning of the building's construction, the relevant departments formulated a plan to build a "overpass" with the World Financial Center. It is planned to connect the two skyscrapers by underground tunnels, but some experts point out that the two skyscrapers of Shanghai World Financial Center and Jin Mao Tower are only separated by a road. If the underground tunnels are excavated, the ground subsidence in Shanghai will become more serious. At the same time, Lujiazui The region's complex underground pipeline system does not have enough space to accommodate underground tunnels, so in recent years the trend has been to build a "Lujiazui Overpass" plan. This plan has now entered the actual survey stage and is expected to start construction in 2007 and be completed in early 2008. However, some experts expressed concerns that the overpass project would damage the building's landscape and the environment of the Lujiazui area.

[Edit this paragraph] Structural Technology

The building adopts the latest structural technology used for the first time in the history of super high-rise buildings. The vertical deviation of the entire building is only 2 centimeters, and the top of the building shakes even half a meter. No, this is the most outstanding tall building in the world. It can also ensure that it will not collapse in strong winds of magnitude 12 and can withstand earthquakes of magnitude 7. The exterior wall of the building is composed of large glass walls, reflecting endlessly changing colors of different shades, like silver but not silver. The glass wall is imported from the United States and costs US$500 per square meter. The glass is divided into two layers with a low-temperature conductor in the middle. The outside temperature will not affect the interior. There are 79 elevators in Jin Mao Tower. The sightseeing high-speed elevator can take 35 people at a time. The speed is 9.1 meters per second, and it only takes 45 seconds from bottom to top.

The lobby of Jinmao Tower adopts round arch door frames, giving people a tall, spacious and bright feeling; the walls are made of Mediterranean perforated marble, which can have a good sound insulation effect; the marble on the floor is smooth but not bright, and is flat. rather than slippery. The eight bronze sculpture murals in the front hall embody the traditional Chinese calligraphy art. It reflects the five thousand years of Chinese civilization history through the evolution of Chinese characters, from oracle bone inscriptions and bell and tripod inscriptions to seal script, official script, regular script and cursive script. The corridor leading to the banquet hall is an art corridor, reflecting a kind of elegant taste and luxurious style.

1. Commercial concrete and bulk cement application technology

This technology is used in underground diaphragm walls, bored piles, foundation pit enclosures and supports, main building cores, and composite giant columns . Floor slabs and other engineering parts. The total volume applied reached 157,000 cubic meters. The commercial concrete used in Jinmao Tower is bulk cement. Mechanical loading, automatic weighing, computer control technology, "double mixing" technology of admixtures and admixtures, mixer truck transportation and pumping pouring technology not only improve the mechanization and specialization of civil construction production, but also enhance the construction quality The level of civilized standardization on site. And set a world record of pumping concrete to a height of 382.5 meters in one time.

2. Thick-diameter steel bar connection technology

The formwork for the core tube and giant columns of Jinmao Tower uses shaped steel large formwork, so the connection between the core tube and the floor beams is The connection between the steel bars, the connection between the ring plate and the core steel bar in the hotel area of ??the main building, and the connection between the giant columns and the floor beams adopts the construction technology of tapered thread connection.

There are a total of 58,296 tapered joints in the entire project. The test and sampling inspection results of the joints all meet the Class A level. The number of applications is shown in the table below:

The new cold-rolled tapered thread process for steel bars has improved the cold-rolled tapered thread process for steel bars in seven aspects: improving the materials of tools and rolling wheels; improving tool clamps; adding automatic positioning device; set up a rolling loading rack; the ends are cold treated to improve strength and ensure Class A joint standards. The application achieves the goals of high speed, high quality and low consumption.

3. New formwork and scaffolding application technology

The main structure of Jinmao Tower has many changes in storey height, as well as wall contraction and body shape changes. There are 8 heights including 3.2 meters, 4 meters, and 5.2 meters. The original tic-tac-toe internal shear wall has been canceled above the 53rd floor, and the wall thickness has been increased from 850 millimeters

Jin Mao Tower

The meter was gradually reduced to 450 mm in four steps. In particular, there are three external steel trusses on the 24th to 26th, 51st to 53rd, and 85th to 87th floors, which brings great difficulties to the design of formwork and scaffolding and the safety of super high-rise construction operations. To this end, during the construction of the core tube of the main building, we designed and manufactured a "split-combined automatic leveling overall lifting steel platform formwork system" by ourselves. Compared with advanced foreign templates, the performance is not inferior, and the cost is saved by about 10 million yuan. Successfully completed high-altitude disassembly and assembly, understood the construction technology of using one formwork system on two different structures, innovatively adopted the construction technology improved by the computer automatic leveling technology control system, and adopted a fully enclosed formwork system to make the construction It is safe, reliable and easy to operate, creating a construction speed of 13 floors in one month. The computer automatic leveling technology has obtained a national patent (Patent No.: ZL952465391.1). The research and application results of this template system have won the first prize of Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award.

In the construction of giant columns, we innovatively designed and manufactured the "jumping climbing formwork system", which successfully solved the problem during the construction of giant columns. The upper steel beam has been installed in place, and the traditional formwork and scaffolding system cannot satisfactorily solve the climbing problem after concrete construction.

This system innovatively designs a series of specialized components such as telescopic booms, inclined skateboards, top-extension telescopic frames, flip-open attached walls, etc., so that the climbing frame can smoothly cross the steel beams. Through the research and application of these new formwork scaffolds, the continuous construction of the main building core tube and composite giant columns was completed safely and reliably. According to expert appraisal, the technical level of this formwork and scaffolding system has reached the international leading level.

4. High-strength concrete technology

The Jinmao Tower project uses C60 and C50 high-strength concrete, and the foundation floors are all made of C50 concrete. The core tube of the main building is made of C60 concrete from the underground to the 31st floor, and the core tube of the main building is made of C50 concrete from the 32nd floor to the 62nd floor. The giant columns are made of C60 concrete from the basement to the 31st floor, and the giant columns are made of C50 concrete from the 32nd floor to the 62nd floor. C60 concrete is 17,488 cubic meters and C50 concrete is 33,708 cubic meters. Among them, the foundation cap of the main building is 4 meters thick and is made of 13,500 cubic meters of C50 high-grade concrete, which was poured continuously in one go. In the continuous pouring of such a large amount of high-grade concrete, reasonable materials and mix ratio designs were selected, and the "internal dispersion and external storage method" was adopted for maintenance. It was equipped with cooling water pipes, film straw bale covering, and computer temperature measurement systems. Control the peak temperature rise inside the concrete within 100°C, so that the temperature difference between the inside and outside is less than 25°C. It speeds up the cooling rate inside the concrete, shortens the construction period, and completes the curing in only two weeks.

5. Building energy-saving technology

The main infill walls and fire partition partition walls of Jinmao Tower are made of hollow blocks.

Among them, 4901 square meters of 120mm thick blocks, 49742 square meters of 190mm thick blocks, 1098 square meters of 250mm thick blocks, and 3493 square meters of 300mm thick blocks.

Roof insulation is also used on the podium roof of Jinmao Tower and part of the main building roof. Among them, the podium floor is about 7,500 square meters, and the partial roof of the main building is about 2,500 square meters.

6. Application technology of rigid polyvinyl chloride plastic pipes

In the construction of the podium base plate of Jinmao Tower, the large-area static release layer technology that appeared for the first time in China was adopted. 1184 meters of φ100PVC pipe and 511 meters of φ150PVC pipe. The groundwater is drained to the collection well through a large area of ????filtration layer, and then pumped to the ground to release and reduce the buoyancy of the groundwater on the bottom plate. This technology sets porous PVC water filter pipes in criss-crossing blind ditches. The application of large-area static release layer technology makes the thickness of the foundation floor of the podium only about 0.6 meters, while according to traditional design, the thickness of the foundation floor must be at least 1

Jinmao Tower

． 5-2.0 meters, about 0.9m thinner than the traditional method.

7. Comprehensive utilization technology of fly ash

The foundation cap of the main building of Jinmao Tower is C50 high-grade concrete, with a cubic volume of 13,500 cubic meters. In the mix design, we incorporated a certain amount of ground fly ash to exert its "ball effect" to improve the workability of concrete and improve the pumpability of concrete. And thus replaces part of the cement and reduces the heat of hydration of concrete. At the same time, a certain amount of fly ash is also added during the mixing process of masonry mortar. The amount of fly ash is about 4,500 tons, achieving the purpose of energy saving and high efficiency.

8. New technology in building waterproofing engineering

The design requires the construction of a waterproof layer under the foundation slab of Jinmao Tower. The waterproofing material uses fiber-packed single-clip anti-saltwater CR bentonite waterproofing membrane, bentonite caulking agent and multi-purpose bentonite powder from American Colloidal Company. Waterproof membranes are used for paving large areas, and caulking agents and multi-purpose powders are used for caulking and filling voids. The usage of CR swelling is about 23608 square meters. CR bentonite waterproof series materials are a composite of flexible high-strength polypropylene textile and volcanic ash sodium bentonite. Its technical characteristics are: swelling when exposed to water, softness, high strength, anti-pollution, and anti-aging. Its application has enriched and developed the types of domestic waterproof materials and provided practical experience for the research and application of new waterproof materials in the future.

9. Modern management technology and computer application

The Jinmao Tower project has a large amount of information and a wide range. In view of this situation, computer technology has been widely used in the construction management process. application. Computer management software is used in financial management, contract budget, personnel file management, construction plan management, design and preparation of construction plans, drawing of construction copy drawings, and design of detailed drawings.

10. Application of other new technologies

During the construction process of Jinmao Tower, we also applied "super large and ultra-deep foundation pit support technology" and "high-precision measurement Technology", "Large Vertical Transport Machinery Application Technology" and a series of new technologies.

The excavation area of ??the basement of Jinmao Tower is nearly 20,000 square meters, the circumference of the foundation pit is 570 meters, the excavation depth is 19.65 meters, and the earthwork volume has reached 320,000 cubic meters. It is the largest soft soil foundation in Shanghai area It is the foundation with the largest excavation area and the deepest excavation depth during construction. In terms of foundation pit enclosure, we designed a space truss type fully cast-in-situ reinforced concrete internal support technology, which not only ensures the quality and safety of the project, but also shortens the construction period and improves economic benefits.

Surveying work is the "eye" in engineering construction, especially in the construction of a building of the size of Jin Mao Tower, the importance of surveying work is even more prominent. We use high-precision measuring instruments such as WILDT2 theodolite and DII600 laser rangefinder during construction, use polar coordinates combined with rectangular coordinate method for axis stakeout, use the zenith inverted cone method for strict measurement review, and use round-trip leveling to control elevation.

In view of the different compression, shrinkage and settlement of steel and concrete, pre-controlled correction compensation is used to achieve good results.

[Edit this paragraph] Business Office

The dedicated waiting room for the office area in the lobby has a unique shape, like a magnificent ancient Egyptian pyramid. Five groups of 26 high-speed elevators specially designed for offices use unique glass cars and glass foyers, which are spacious and bright. They can quickly and comfortably transport guests to various office floors without having to transfer. The configuration of 5-6 elevators on every ten floors ensures that guests’ waiting time does not exceed 45 seconds during peak hours, providing convenient transportation.

The elevator in the office area also has an innovative "air docking" self-rescue function. Once a failure occurs midway, the remote control system GRT will instruct the adjacent elevator to stop quickly, and the side door of the elevator car will Automatically opens to get guests out of trouble quickly.

The office area of ??Jinmao Tower is on the 30th to 50th floors of the tower, with a construction area of ??122,871 square meters. They are large column-free spaces with a floor height of 4 meters and a net height of 2.7 meters. Tenants can customize their own It can be divided and arranged as needed.

The main lighting window in the office area is spacious and bright, and the natural lighting reaches the best state. The lighting recessed lampshade is evenly arranged in a size of 1.5 meters x 1.5 meters. The illumination is even and soft, and the illumination reaches 450-500LUX. It has no reflection on the computer fluorescent screen and is not dazzling, which is beneficial to eye care in the computer age.

The air conditioning in the office area of ??Jinmao Tower adopts the world's most advanced low-temperature air supply variable air volume unit, with a fresh air volume of .5 liters/second/person. There are also 24 manual thermostats in the office area on each floor. The room temperature can be adjusted arbitrarily within the range of 19 degrees Celsius - 29 degrees Celsius. There is a silencer device at the end of the air conditioning system to provide guests with a quiet office environment. The air-conditioning design of Jin Mao Tower has won the Good Design Award from the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers.

There is also a tea room in the office area on each floor. Drinking water and boiled water filtered by sand filters, activated carbon filters, and ultraviolet light disinfection are provided free of charge 24 hours a day, providing guests with clean and hygienic drinking water for free. water.

[Edit this paragraph] Jinmao Grand Hyatt Hotel

Shanghai Jinmao Grand Hyatt Hotel is located on the 53rd to 87th floors of the Jinmao Tower. It is the highest hotel in the world with the most complete facilities and decoration. The most luxurious Jinmao Grand Hyatt Hotel. The hotel has 555 fully deluxe guest rooms/sets, located on floors 58-85, of which floors 78-85 are hotel administration buildings (7 levels), and there is a guesthouse on the 82nd floor with a VIP reception and dedicated conference room, business center, reception room, and provides VIP breakfast and rest service. There are nine types of guest rooms, with a ratio of 37 double rooms, 55 single rooms, and 8 suites. The rooms at Shanghai Jinmao Grand Hyatt Hotel are luxurious and beautiful, all with beautiful views of Shanghai. The multi-function TV in the large guest room is equipped with a remote control keyboard, international Internet access and online financial information; CAT5 high-speed personal computer access. The shower room features a high-tech triple-jet shower tower and anti-steam mirror for personal touch-ups, a glass washbasin and a double-sided wardrobe. It has a well-equipped business center, two large and medium-sized banquet halls and ten conference halls, equipped with advanced artistic multimedia equipment and audio and video facilities. Various restaurants, bars with different atmospheres, Oasis fitness center and indoor swimming pool on the 57th floor, with an observation deck on the 88th floor.

The Piano Bar and Linglong Bar on the 53rd floor are comfortable and relaxing, and can accommodate 108 guests for drinking, sightseeing and entertainment. The 54th floor is a sky lobby with a coffee restaurant and breakfast, lunch and dinner buffets. The 55th-floor Guangdong Zhenxuan occupies one floor, with Qiongtai fairy pavilion-style seating and various private rooms, which can accommodate 200 guests at the same time.

"Food at 56", located on the 56th floor, provides authentic Italian pizza, Italian Western cuisine, American barbecue and Japanese cuisine, and can serve 275 guests at the same time. The characteristic of "Food at 56" is that every meal is open, and the unique scene and atmosphere make every guest feel that they are enjoying both delicious food and leisure, as well as cultural exchanges.

When you enter the atrium bar on the 56th floor, it is even more special. Look up at the unique hotel atrium in the world, soaring up to 152 meters, and the charming aura looks like mountains. On the front of the stage is a colorful and majestic giant oil painting. In the glass curtain wall above the oil painting, high-speed elevators go up and down, looming, and a pianist is playing world famous music for you. You will feel that this place is better than heaven on earth.

The fitness center is located on the 57th floor. It has an indoor temperature-controlled swimming pool, water bath facilities, fitness equipment, bodybuilding, dance, massage and beauty, hairdressing, medical room, etc. for men, women and children.

Jinmao Concert Hall is located on the first floor of the podium of Jinmao Tower. It consists of two parts: the concert hall and the art corridor. It has 398 seats and mainly performs chamber music. In 2005, Jinmao Group invited the internationally renowned cellist Mr. Qin Liwei to serve as the artistic director of the concert hall. It aims to build Jinmao Concert Hall into an elegant cultural and art venue with good music atmosphere, complete hardware facilities and high artistic standards.

Jinmao Concert Hall also regularly holds the MusicAfter6 Music Salon series of events, integrating a variety of different musics. In addition, it also organizes celebrity concert series and Jinmao Music and Art Forum, and regularly invites well-known domestic and foreign musicians and performers to Jinmao Concert Hall to have close exchanges with Shanghai audiences.

Jinmao Concert Hall is a cultural industry supporting Jinmao Office Building, Jinmao Grand Hyatt Hotel, and Jinmao 88th-floor sightseeing hall.

The 86th floor of Jin Mao Tower is the most luxurious membership club in Shanghai. It has 4 Chinese private rooms, 1 Western restaurant, billiards room, sauna room, massage room, bar room, and KTV room. Room etc. The "Jiuchongtian Lounge" is located on the 87th floor and the 87th mezzanine. It can accommodate 248 guests at the same time to enjoy a variety of drinks, relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery on both sides of the Huangpu River.

China Jinmao (Group) entrusts the world-renowned Hyatt Hotels International Group to operate and manage Jinmao Hyatt Hotel.

[Edit this paragraph] Podium function

The podium has 6 floors and a construction area of ??32,270 square meters. The first floor of the podium is equipped with a 700-square-meter exhibition hall, a 380-seat demonstration hall, a small conference room, and a multi-functional hall. The demonstration hall is equipped with simultaneous interpretation and top-level audio-visual equipment, and can hold press conferences, academic seminars, international conferences, etc. The 3rd to 6th floors of the podium were originally designed as a large shopping mall. In fact, the exquisite internal structure reveals a high degree of harmony with the architectural sketches. There is a nine-curved bridge and an arch bridge across the atrium of the podium. If you walk on it, you will feel like you have arrived at Yu Garden in Shanghai or Suzhou. It can be called the second Pompidou Cultural and Art Center in the far west. If you don’t believe it, you are welcome to come and take a look.

The second floor of the podium has a grand banquet hall for 1,000 people, a crystal hall for 750 people, as well as many guest rooms, conference halls, and multi-functional halls. Facing the north end of Century Avenue in Pudong, Shanghai, the 3rd and 4th floors of the podium are Pujin Entertainment Center, equipped with a colorful stage performance hall, dance floor, bar and food, as well as KTV private rooms. It is a good place for you to relax and enjoy after a busy and stressful day at work or during your holidays.

[Edit this paragraph] Jin Mao Tower - Jin Mao Group

Jin Mao Group

China Jinmao (Group) Co., Ltd. (Chinese abbreviation: "Jin Mao Group" JinMao Group" (English abbreviation "JinMaoGroup") was established in February 1993 with a registered capital of 2.635 billion yuan. Its shareholders are 10 large enterprise groups including China Sinochem Group Corporation, COFCO Corporation, and China Minmetals Corporation. It is based on A large-scale joint-stock enterprise with standardized operation of modern enterprise system and modern property rights system.

As the exclusive developer of Jin Mao Tower, Jin Mao Group is rooted in the hot land of Pudong and has initially formed a business model using Jin Mao Tower as a carrier to strengthen and extend high-end building operations, facility management, and high-end hotel operations. The three major functions with the development of high-end tourism and leisure products as the core are organically linked and developed collaboratively, achieving its own development and growth.

Looking forward to the future, Jinmao Group will create a brand economy and organization through five major measures: functional strengthening and extension, strategic alliance, brand strategy, capital operation and organizational capacity building, achieve strategic expansion, and become an internationally competitive company. An outstanding enterprise with great strength and influence.

[Edit this paragraph] Economic benefits

The promotion and application of new technologies in Jinmao Tower allows us to taste the sweetness of transforming technology into productivity. It not only saves energy and resources, but also obtains better economic and social benefits. ***Estimated savings of nearly 25 million yuan. At the same time, through the application of new technologies, it has greatly promoted the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the construction industry, trained a group of new technology application talents, comprehensively improved the quality of the construction industry workforce, and driven the development of a number of emerging technology industries and technology-based enterprises. Formation and development, using the laws of market economy, promote the close integration of science and technology and economy, showing the huge potential of scientific and technological productivity.