"Heaven and earth are upright, integrity lasts forever" is urgent! !

Are the essence of Confucianism. The first half of the sentence is Wen Tianxiang's Song Zhengqi, and the second half is from "I am good at keeping my integrity" in Mencius' Book of Gongsun Ugliness.

Still have to write your own composition. The two sentences you want to ask are all Confucian things. I don't know what kind of article you want to write, but you can only provide material.

Wen Tianxiang, (1236— 1283) Song Rui, born in Luling (now Ji 'an) in Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Wenshan.

At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the court was partial to the south of the Yangtze River and the country was weak. 127 1 year, the Mongols in the north ended the fratricidal struggle for the throne, established the Yuan Dynasty, and then targeted the aggression at the Southern Song Dynasty. 1273, the prime minister led 200,000 troops to capture Xiang and Fan alive, taking this as a breakthrough and going down the river. Less than two years later, he came to the suburb of Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Where Mongolian soldiers passed by, corpses were everywhere, rivers of blood were flowing, farmland was barren, and all walks of life were dying. This is an unprecedented brutal war of aggression, and the Southern Song Dynasty is facing a serious threat of national subjugation and extinction. Wen Tianxiang is a great national hero who fought against aggression under such circumstances.

The court of the Southern Song Dynasty was controlled by capitulationists for a long time. Also in 1259, Prime Minister Jia Sidao secretly knelt down to make peace on the condition that he would give in and cut 200,000 pieces of silver wire in Jiangbei area and 200,000 pieces of silver wire in 2000. However, Bo Yan intended to destroy the Song Dynasty and did not stop invading the south. 1275, Jia Shidao's 130,000 troops were completely annihilated, and the court had no more soldiers. At this time, Song Gongdi was only four years old when he was in office. In court, Empress Xie had to send a "letter of mourning", calling on all quarters in the world to send troops "diligently" quickly. Wen Tianxiang was the magistrate of Ganzhou at that time. He "cried with the letter" and took immediate action. Within two or three months, he organized the first "diligent king" team of nearly ten thousand people. After many twists and turns, he arrived in Lin 'an. Among thousands of local officials, he and Zhang Shijie are the only ones who lead troops and are diligent. This shows how decadent this regime is. 1276 On the 18th day of the first month, when he arrived at Gaoting Mountain, Yan had already surrendered and defected. Other ministers may have surrendered. Although he is willing to surrender, he wants his right-hand man Chen to negotiate. How did Chen Can have the courage? I ran away that night. Thank the queen mother wake only sent a Wen Tianxiang. He faced the danger resolutely, but did not surrender. He believes that "fighting, defending, and moving are not as good as giving" and "at this point in state affairs, you can't help loving your body." He even took this opportunity to observe the actual situation of the enemy camp in order to "save the country." But he didn't expect that while he accused Bo Yan of being detained and unable to return to Song Ying, his militia was also ordered to disband by the capitulators. The ferocity of the enemy never trapped Wen Tianxiang, but the fatuous court and shameless capitulators made him suffer the first serious setback.

1February 9, 276, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to Dadu (now Beijing) and Jingkou (now Zhenjiang). With the help of the righteous, he escaped from the gate of hell. According to his book "Postscript to the Southern Guide", he survived at least 16 times, and after suffering, he fled to Wenzhou on April 8. At this time, he heard that Du Zong's two sons (. Soon, he was called to Fuzhou, where he served as the right prime minister and the Privy Council, and was later appointed as the same governor. In July, Wen Tianxiang raised a handsome flag in Nanjian Prefecture (now Nanping, Fujian Province), calling on heroes from all directions to take their positions and recover lost ground. 1March 277, Wen Tianxiang marched into Jiangxi, recovered dozens of counties in the south, and besieged Ganzhou at the same time. Hunan, Hubei and other places rose up in succession, shaking the south of the Yangtze River, inspiring the people's anti-aggression will and greatly alerting the Yuan rulers. Busy Yuan transferred 400,000 soldiers to solve the siege of Ganzhou, and sent 50,000 troops to pursue Wen Tianxiang. There are only more than 5000 people in the Ministry of Education. In August this year, the empty pit was defeated and several people were sacrificed. Wen's wife and children were captured. Zhao Shichai pretended to be Wen Tianxiang in an emergency, which attracted the Yuan Army, and Cai Wen had to flee. Zhao was killed immediately. This is Wen Tianxiang's second major setback in more than a year.

But Wen Tianxiang didn't lose heart. He made up his mind to fight Yuan to the end. 1278165438+1October, he packed up the remnants, expanded his army and moved to Chaoyang, Guangdong. Unfortunately,/kloc-0 was defeated by Wupoling on February 20th, and Wen Tianxiang could not escape from the encirclement. In order to die, he swallowed the accompanying borneol immediately, but he didn't die, but was captured in a coma. This is his last serious setback. From then on, Wen Tianxiang could no longer lead the insurgents to fight the Yuan Army on the battlefield.

After Wen Tianxiang was captured, he made up his mind that he just wanted to die a fair death, and he didn't want to live. Power cannot be bent, and wealth cannot be lustful. When Bo Yan detained him in Beiying, he clearly told his opponent: "The champion of the Song Dynasty ... owes his life to serve the country, but Song survives, and Song dies, with the knife and saw in the front and the tripod in the back. What are you afraid of? " "1279 October, Yuan Pingzhang's Ama came to Wen Tianxiang prison to surrender, Wen Tianxiang longbow sat down and ignored him, but Ama asked him to kneel down. Wen Tianxiang said, "Why did the Prime Minister of the Southern Dynasty kneel when he saw the Prime Minister of the Northern Dynasty? Ahmed pretended to be the winner and said proudly, "Why are you here?" "Wen Tianxiang sarcastically said, if in me, you can't go to the south, I won't come to you. What are you proud of? Ahma said to the left and right in a threatening tone: "This man's life or death is still up to me. Wen Tianxiang justice awe-inspiring: "If you want to kill people who have perished. This is not for you to decide. Amar cut his throat and left in frustration. At the end of the same year, Yuan Prime Minister Kyle Polo interrogated Wen Tianxiang. When Kyle Polo came, he was on his high horse. When he wanted to kneel down, Wen refused, so he forced Wen Tianxiang to kneel down. Wen awed: "Everything in the world has its ups and downs. Since ancient times, emperors and princes have perished and slaughtered. Why not? Tian Xiang today ... As for this, it has been implemented long ago. "On the eve of the execution, Emperor Kublai Khan surrendered himself, taking the position of Prime Minister as bait, in an attempt to make Wen Tianxiang surrender, but it was severely rejected by Wen Tianxiang. Kublai Khan had to ask him, what do you want? Wen Tianxiang replied, "I'd rather die! "Wen Tianxiang's great spirit of dying for his country made the enemy helpless. This is actually tantamount to declaring the victory of the anti-aggression war, the victory of justice, and the victory of "righteousness" that I praised. This is tantamount to declaring the failure of the aggressors and all capitulationists and traitors.

At the critical juncture of national peril, Wen Tianxiang always takes the national interest as the highest interest, and never shows mercy to capitulators and traitors. 1259, when the Yuan army crossed the river and surrounded Ezhou, Dong Ji, the emperor's favorite, moved the capital to Song Emperor, and Wen Tianxiang bravely went to the desert and begged Dong. 1275, the court posthumously awarded Lv Wende, the general of the Yuan Army, as the king of the county, and promoted his nephew Lv Shimeng as a post-minister. The atmosphere of surrender pervaded the capital for a period of time, and Wen Tianxiang wrote to beg Lu Shimeng to stabilize the morale. After Wen Tianxiang was captured, Liu and other thieves had to bite the bullet and surrender, while Wen was reviled. Even when Song Gongdi, who had defected to the enemy, came to surrender, he was ignored. Wen Tianxiang clearly put forward that "the country is important, and the monarch is light". He is not loyal to the emperor, but only unconditionally loyal to the country and the nation.

1283 65438+1On October 9th, Wen Tianxiang died heroically at the gate of Dadu bus. After his death, he left a lot of poems, such as "Who hasn't died since ancient times, keep a heart and look at history" in Crossing Zero and Ding Yang; Song Zhengqi, written in prison, and Dai Yi Zhao, found in his clothes after his death (Confucius said "to be benevolent" and Mencius said "to be essential", but the righteousness is exhausted, so what did you learn from reading the books of sages? From time to time, it has become a swan song that illuminates the sun, the moon and the mountains, and has become a valuable part of the national spiritual wealth. Therefore, Wen Tianxiang became an immortal national hero.

Haoran 1. The water is magnificent. Fayuan Zhu Lin (Volume 82) quotes Wang Yan's Ghost Story in the Southern Dynasties: "I hope it rains and floods, but I don't know where it is shallow, so I can expose it." Xu Minghongzu's Travels of Xu Xiake and Diary of Western Guangdong: "South of the cliff, the river flows freely." Lu Xun's "History of the Tomb of Science Teaching": "Hongbo Haoran, Qi also wavered, and the national style was new." 2. Broad and magnificent appearance. "Guanzi Interior Industry": "Fine self-growth, external security and glory, internal source. Fear peace and think it is deep. " "Huai Nan Zi Yao lue": "If you are sincere, you can have a big picture." Tang Li Bai's Sunrise: "It contains a large film with the same theme as Haoran." Fang Ming is as small as "After the Inscription of Zheng Shuzhi's Ci": "If it is published in literature, it will be noble and boundless." Lu Xun's New Story: Water Control: "I have tasted the original Pamirs, the weather is awesome, plum blossoms are in full bloom, and Bai Yunfei is." 3. white and heroic. Tao Qian's Painting Praise Fan: "As for Yuling, he is arrogant." Zhang Yuankejiu's song "Jin Zijing Wang Kai Gong's Xun Mei": "The heroic spirit fills the world." Yu Yue's Essays on Tingchun in the Qing Dynasty, Volume III: "[Zhao Zhongjie] has the style of chivalrous man, calling on Lu to indulge in wine, and his spirit is lofty." See "Haoran Qi". 4. irresistible nostalgia. "Mencius Gongsun Ugly": "The husband went out of the sky, but the gentleman didn't pursue it, and then he returned to his ambition." Zhu's note: "awesome, like a stream of water and stones." Tang Wen Ting Yun's poem "Send People to the East": "The old castle is full of yellow leaves, and you insist on giving up the place where you once lived." Song Yan Miscellany by Xu Shiluan in Qing Dynasty: "Pan Yang's home is on Qiantang Lake, and Yongjia County will be crowned in the evening." Zhu Ziqing's Broad Sky, Ancient and Modern China and Foreign Countries: "Go to South America to see the vast desert ... go to Nansha Islands to see the gloomy forest-so Haoran returned to China."

Haoran's qi is righteousness; Awesome. Mencius on Ugliness: "I am good at cultivating my noble spirit ... it is qi and it is extremely strong." If it is straight and harmless, it will be stuffed between heaven and earth. " The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Biography of Jiang Arm, and Door-to-door Book quoted Wu Xiecheng from the Three Kingdoms: "Arms resist the ambition of Lingyun, and cultivate noble spirit." Zhang Kejiu's divertimento "Parasitic Grass, Going Home" in Yuan Dynasty: "Beautiful pastoral poetry, arrogant." Qing Li Yu's "Training Women in the Flying Tower": "Although it is also arrogant, it is just too brave and almost arrogant."