Key points of sweet potato cultivation techniques How to manage sweet potato to obtain high yield

Cultivation techniques of sweet potato.

(1) Cultivate young and healthy seedlings.

Many farmers in sweet potato producing areas have been used to planting sweet potatoes through continuous propagation of stems and vines for many years, which is an important reason for the degradation of sweet potato varieties and the decline of yield. The quality of potato seedlings is closely related to the yield. In Miao Zhuang, potato seedlings take root early, bear potatoes early, have strong stress resistance and grow fast after transplanting; However, the weak seedlings of old vines have late roots, slow growth of stems and leaves and poor stress resistance. According to the experiment, strong seedlings and weak seedlings adopt the same cultivation techniques, and the yield of strong seedlings planted in fields with medium or good fertility is above 20%. Therefore, cultivating strong seedlings is one of the key technologies to obtain high yield of sweet potato. The seedbed of potato seedling should be in the leeward and sunny place with good drainage and irrigation and convenient management. In the management of seedbed, we should do a good job in cutting seedlings and fertilizing to promote seedlings, so as to cultivate young seedlings with thick stems, short nodes, no pests and diseases, even top leaves and dark green leaves.

The width of 65438+ seedbed is1-1.2m, and the length depends on the need. Generally, every 50 kg of seed potato can be used for 0.9-/kloc-0.5 million seedlings, and 3-4 mu can be sown. The average seed consumption per mu is about 10-25 kg, and the sowing period before sowing is 65438+.

2. Seedling raising: When the length of the seedlings grown from potato seeds reaches 25-30 cm, the heel will be planted during seedling propagation, and when the number of false seedling nodes reaches 6- 10, coring and topping will be carried out to promote branching.

3. Fertilization to promote strong seedlings: thin application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 5-8 days before planting to cultivate small seedlings and strong seedlings, and timely harvesting and planting potato seedlings when they grow to 25-30 cm.

(2) Land selection, land preparation and border preparation.

1, land selection. Sandy loam or loam with moderate fertility and convenient irrigation and drainage should be selected. Sweet potato high-yield soil is characterized by loose soil, deep soil layer, rich nutrients and strong aeration.

2. Scientific fertilization. (1) Cultivated land with moderate soil fertility: 25-30kg of urea (n:12-14kg), 30-50kg of phosphorus (P205: 4.0-6.5kg) and 30-40kg of potassium sulfate (K20: 20-4kg).

Master the fertilization principle of "farmyard manure as the main fertilizer, chemical fertilizer as the auxiliary, base fertilizer as the main fertilizer and topdressing as the auxiliary". The experiment showed that to produce 3000 kilograms of fresh potatoes per mu, 3000 kilograms of high-quality farm manure, 20-25 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate 10- 15 kilograms, 25 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer as topdressing were needed. Apply by stages according to the growth situation. Generally, after 5-7 days of planting, the fertilizer for promoting seedlings is applied topdressing, and 5-8 kg ammonium bicarbonate is applied per mu, and 80- 100 kg ammonium bicarbonate is applied per mu after 30-40 days; At the later stage, after the seedling stage, topdressing the potato-promoting fertilizer, and applying water fertilizer10-15t per mu. Advocate spraying fertilizer outside the roots, and use 0.5 kg of urea and 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu in water for 30-40 kg at night. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. Sufficient base fertilizer (about 30% of the total nitrogen application, 20% of the total potassium application and 100% of the total phosphorus application) should be applied during soil preparation, and 2.5 kg of 3.6% insecticidal granules should be applied to control underground pests.

3. Let's get started. Planting in the border is not only beneficial to the drainage in rainy season, but also to the decomposition of organic matter, and it absorbs heat quickly during the day, increases the ground temperature, dissipates heat quickly at night, and has a large temperature difference between day and night, which is beneficial to the growth of sweet potatoes and the accumulation of nutrients in roots. Good land should be combined with deep tillage and border planting to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and obtain high yield. At the beginning of the border, we should make the border ditch as narrow and deep as possible without "hard heart". The border spacing is generally1.1-kloc-0/.3m (including the border ditch), and the border height is 0.3-0.4m Choosing the east-west direction can make the sweet potato receive better light and improve the utilization rate of light energy.

③ planting.

1, select the top strong seedlings for planting. The top seedlings have thick stems, large leaves, heavy seedlings, strong growth, top advantages, developed vegetative organs, strong stress resistance, quick greening after planting, early rooting, large expansion blocks and high yield. The experiment shows that the yield of seedlings planted at the top with strong seedlings is generally higher than that of seedlings cut in hotbeds or other miscellaneous seedlings 10%.

2. Field planting: There are many planting methods of sweet potato, such as direct planting, oblique planting, horizontal planting, hook planting, improved horizontal planting, etc. When planting, it should be selected according to the location of the land, groundwater and rainfall in the planting season. Planting methods directly affect the survival of hairy roots of potato seedlings and the formation and expansion of potato lumps. Therefore, it is necessary to master the planting depth so that all nodes of potato seedlings can grow and bear potatoes in the soil layer with loose soil, good ventilation and large temperature difference between day and night. Generally, the top healthy seedlings with a length of 20-25 cm have 7-8 leaves. When planting, it is advisable to leave about 3-4 leaves on the ground and insert the remaining 4-5 leaves into the soil. In order to prevent the leaves from drying up after planting, sufficient seedling water should be poured when planting.

3. Reasonable close planting. The planting density of sweet potatoes is 3,000-4,000 plants per mu in autumn and 4,000-5,000 plants per mu in winter, which is reasonable and can be flexibly grasped with reference to the characteristics of different varieties, soil fertility and seasons. High ridge and close planting. Continuous cropping can thicken the soil layer, increase the light receiving area of the soil, increase the temperature difference between day and night, expand the range of root activities, be beneficial to the absorption of roots, the accumulation and operation of assimilates, and make the root tuber expand rapidly to increase the yield. Generally, the ridge height is 30-30-1000px, and two rows are planted on each ridge, with about 5,000 plants in summer and autumn. Potato seedlings are buried in soil 3-3-125px, and the soil should be compacted to improve the seedling rate.

(4) On-site management.

Sweet potato is a root crop in dry land, which requires a large amount of fertilizer and has no obvious maturity. At the same time, avoid soil waterlogging during the whole growth period. Therefore, management according to the growth characteristics of sweet potato can keep the balanced growth of aboveground and underground parts of sweet potato and obtain high yield.

1. Management from rooting stage to branching stage: this stage is the rooting and greening stage of sweet potato, which requires less water and consumes less nutrients. Therefore, the key point is to check the seedlings to make up for the shortage and protect the seedlings. Generally, the seedlings should be checked and replanted within 5 days after transplanting, and the soil should be kept moist to improve the growth of potato seedlings.