Wheat field management in spring: Wheat field management

Wheat field management is roughly divided into three periods, namely seedling management, mid-term management and late-stage management. Seedling management includes overwintering and early spring management. The focus of seedling management is to keep the soil moist and cultivate early to promote early growth. After the beginning of spring, the temperature rises and the wheat turns green and grows. At this time, it is crucial to increase wheat production and harvest, so it is necessary to do a good job in spring wheat field management.

1 Adjust measures to local conditions, scientifically regulate fertilizer and water, and speed up the transformation of seedling conditions

For fields with weak seedlings, few secondary roots, insufficient populations, and drought and freezing damage, we must seize the spring temperature At the favorable time for recovery, fertilizer and water should be used together, and the two fertilizers should be used together; first-class and second-class seedlings should be topdressed with jointing fertilizer in the early morning, spray foliar fertilizer, and apply fertilizer and water control measures according to local conditions to speed up the transformation and upgrading of seedling conditions. The first is to apply green-returning fertilizer early and use both fertilizer and water to speed up the transformation and upgrading of the three types of seedlings. The greening period is a critical period for the transformation and upgrading of seedlings. It is necessary to implement a simultaneous attack of fertilizer and water to promote the transformation and upgrading of the three types of seedlings. Fields with severe drought conditions should be watered in time and combined with fertilization, and topdressing urea at 120-150kg/hm2. If there is rainfall, it can be spread during the rain to ensure that the wheat seedlings have enough water and nutrients to grow back to green, and to promote spring tillering and secondary growth. The growth of roots promotes tillering into panicles and strives for more effective panicles. The second is to apply jointing fertilizer early and universally to strive for large ears and more grains. Topdressing jointing fertilizer can improve tillering and panicling, reduce panicle and floret degradation, and increase the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle. Since wheat was affected by drought and freezing damage in 2008, the population was generally small, so jointing fertilizer should be applied early and generally. For first- and second-class seedlings, jointing fertilizer should be applied early, and it can be done as early as early March to take advantage of the rain or combine with watering. Spread urea at 120~150kg/hm2. For Category III seedlings that have been fertilized with greening fertilizer, jointing fertilizer should be postponed to late March, and 90-120kg/hm2 of urea should be applied to consolidate tillering into ears and strive for larger ears and more grains. The third is to spray foliar fertilizers to speed up post-disaster recovery. For wheat fields affected by drought or freezing, after the beginning of spring, combined with the control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, spray American Star 450mL/hm2 to 187.5kg of water, or spray Rongdafeng Ecological Active Fertilizer 300mL/hm2 to 300kg of water, or spray Zhuang Fuxing 900mL/hm2 to 375kg of water, and can be sprayed again every 7 to 10 days. The best results are before 10 a.m. and after 4 p.m.

2 Cultivating and hoeing, cleaning seedling feet

Cultivating and hoeing can not only loosen the soil, eliminate compaction, increase ground temperature, provide ventilation and moisture, promote root growth, eliminate weeds, and reduce When diseases and insect pests occur, deep hoeing can control vigorous growth. In particular, wheat fields irrigated with heavy water are prone to hardening. When the ground turns white after watering, timely cultivating and hoeing can also be carried out with one-legged columbine combined with top dressing. When cultivating and hoeing, the depth of hoeing should be controlled according to the seedling condition, moisture content and cultivation quality. Generally, the depth of cultivating is 3 to 5cm. For fields with large populations, deep hoeing must be carried out to reduce the number of tillers in spring and control vigorous growth; for fields with moderate populations and strong seedlings, appropriate cultivating should be carried out to damage part of the root system and suppress ineffective tillers; for weak seedling fields, shallow cultivating should be carried out to avoid damaging the seedlings. Roots to increase temperature, conserve moisture, and promote growth.

3 Chemical control

For fields with weak seedlings sown late, growth regulators such as Basil should be widely sprayed to enhance stress resistance and promote early emergence of seedlings. For long fields with excessive sowing volume and too many seedlings, chemical control and growth-promoting measures should be taken. Spray 200mg/kg paclobutrazol solution 450kg/hm2. It should be used before jointing. You can also use Zhuquan 225 during the jointing stage. Spray 750kg of water at ~300mL/hm2 to prevent lodging in the later stage.

4 Prevent spring frost damage

Generally, late-spring cold weather often occurs in the Huaibei area from March to April, so it is necessary to prevent spring frost on wheat. Irrigation is an effective measure to prevent spring frost in wheat. After the cold wave, the seedling condition should be checked in time. If the leaves are found to be damaged by freezing, measures such as supplementary nitrogen fertilizer or spraying of foliar fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be taken promptly to promote rapid seedling growth and maximize the Minimize freezing damage losses.

5 Chemical weeding

For wheat fields that have not been weeded years ago, chemical weeding must be carried out in time when the daily average temperature reaches 5°C.

For fields dominated by broad-leaf weeds, 75-star (broad-leaf net) 15.0-22.5g/hm2 or 20 can be used to make it thicker, emulsifiable oil 750-900mL/hm2, and 600kg water spray can be used to control; gramineous weeds are the most common. For main fields, use 6.9 Puma EC 600-900mL/hm2 for control; for fields with mixed broadleaf weeds and monocotyledonous weeds, use 75 Star EC 15g/hm2 plus 6.9 Puma EC 600-900mL/hm2. Use 450-600kg of water and spray it evenly before wheat jointing.

6 Pest and disease control

As the temperature rises, wheat diseases and pests such as sheath blight, rust, wheat spider and spider mite also occur. In the prevention and control of sheath blight, when the diseased plant rate in the wheat field reaches 15, use 12.5 Triadimefon 225-300g/hm2 to 600-750kg of water, or use 15 triadimefon 1.5kg/hm2 to spray 375kg of water, or use 20 Jinggangmycin wettable powder 600g/hm2 sprays 600~750kg water for control. To control leaf blight, rust, scab, etc., use 70 thiophanate methyl 1.5kg/hm2 or 50 carbendazim EC 1500mL/hm2, spray 750kg water. In the prevention and control of wheat spiders, if there are more than 200 insects on every 0.33m single row of wheat plants, spray them. You can use 1.8 mites emulsifiable concentrate 90-120mL/hm2 against 750kg of water, or 20 mites at 300g/hm2 against 750kg of water. Or spray control with omethoate 1500 times liquid. To prevent and control red spider mites, spray 15% of Dafenling EC 3000 times or 10% of Uranus EC 3000 times. To control midge, use 50 phoxim emulsion 750mL/hm2 or 40 omethoate 600mL/hm2 sprayed on 600-750kg of water. To control aphids and armyworms, use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 300g/hm2 and 25% methacloprid EC 375~525mL/hm2 mixed with 600~750kg water.