What are the artistic features of Longmen Grottoes?

It is one of the four largest grottoes in China. The other three grottoes are:

Dunhuang

and

As a treasure house of Buddhist art, green mountains and green waters are everywhere. As early as 196 1, it was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key points.

, 1982 was announced by the State Council as the first batch in China.

On October 30th, 2000/KLOC-0, UNESCO will

Included in "

Catalogue. In June 2006, it was awarded the "National Civilized Scenic Spot" by the Central Civilization Office, the Ministry of Construction and the National Tourism Administration. In April 2007, it was rated as the first batch in China by the National Tourism Administration.

"。

It is located in the south of Luoyang 13 km, Xiangshan and

The two mountains are opposite, and the Yi River runs through them. From a distance, it looks like a natural gate, so it was called "yique" in ancient times. In the Sui Dynasty,

Once in the north of Luoyang,

Seeing Yique in the south of Luoyang from afar, he said to his attendants: Isn't this the gateway of the real dragon emperor? Why didn't the ancients build their capital here? A minister replied obsequiously, "The ancients didn't know that they were just waiting for your majesty. “

I'm glad to hear that. I built the Eastern Capital of the Sui Dynasty in Luoyang, and the main entrance of the palace is facing the Yi Que. Since then, yique has been customarily called Longmen.

Beautiful water, pleasant scenery and hot springs add luster. Since ancient times,

Color is listed as the crown of eight scenic spots in Luoyang. Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, once said: "Luodu has four suburbs, mountains and rivers win, and Longmen is the first." Longmen Grottoes are dug between cliffs close to mountains and rivers. It begins with chiseling.

pass by

(now Shanxi)

) before and after moving the capital to Luoyang. At that time, Emperor Xiaowen deeply felt that the capital leaning to the north was not conducive to rule, and Luoyang, located in the Central Plains, had superior natural conditions, so he moved the capital to Luoyang in 493 AD and started the construction of Longmen Grottoes. Longmen Grottoes Experience

During the Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi Dynasty, Northern Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Northern Song Dynasty, carving was intermittent for 400 years, of which the large-scale construction time in Northern Wei Dynasty and Tang Dynasty exceeded 140 years. Therefore, among all the caves in Longmen, the caves in the Northern Wei Dynasty accounted for about 30%, the caves in the Tang Dynasty accounted for 60%, and other dynasties only accounted for about 10%. According to statistics, there are 2345 caves and more than 70 pagodas in the East and West Mountains. Longmen Grottoes has the largest number of ancient inscriptions in China, including ancient inscriptions.

It is said that * * * has more than 2,860 inscriptions, including famous works by famous artists.

And Chu's "A Que Buddhist Shrine Monument" is a model of Wei Bei and Monument respectively, which can be called a masterpiece of China's calligraphy art ... Longmen Mountain has more than 1 1 000 Buddha statues, and the largest Buddha statue, Lushena Buddha, is 17. 14 meters high, with a head height of 4 meters and an ear length of/kloc. The smallest Buddha statue is in

They are only 2 cm each, which is called micro-carving.

Longmen Grottoes is the most concentrated place where the royal nobles made wishes and statues in past dynasties, and it is the embodiment of the royal will and behavior. The statues in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty reflect completely different styles of the times. The statues in the Northern Wei Dynasty lost the rough, majestic and vigorous features of the statues in Yungang Grottoes here, but the flavor of life gradually became stronger and more lively, delicate and gentle. These statues of the Northern Wei Dynasty have slender faces, thin shoulders and straight chests, and their clothing lines are carved with a straight knife, which is rigid and simple. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, people advocated thinness as beauty, so the Buddha sculpture also pursued the artistic style of showing bones and clearing images. In the Tang Dynasty, people liked to take fat as beauty, so the face of the Buddha statue in the Tang Dynasty was round, the shoulders were broad, and the chest was protruding. The carving of clothing patterns was made with a round knife, which was natural and smooth. The sculptures in Longmen Grottoes in the Tang Dynasty inherited the excellent traditions of the Northern Wei Dynasty, absorbed the culture of the Han nationality, created a vigorous, vivid and simple and natural realistic style, and reached the peak of the carving art of Buddha statues.

Longmen Grottoes are also the history and treasure of calligraphy. Calligraphy famous products

It is the best calligraphy work selected by the connoisseurs of stele extension in later generations from many stone inscriptions in Longmen Grottoes. These inscriptions not only record the motivation and purpose of the wishing man's statue, but also provide a basis for the archaeological dating of the grottoes by stages. Scholars in Qing dynasty

He strongly advocated the whole society to write in Wei stele style, and praised Wei Bei's ten beauties, such as leaping brushwork, natural structure and rich flesh and blood. Today, Wei Bei is widely used as a slogan and decorative text. From this, it can be seen that twenty products occupy a decisive position in calligraphy.

Longmen Grottoes is an artistic expression of Buddhist culture, but it also reflects the political, economic and cultural trends at that time. This grotto is a large stone carving art museum, because it preserves a large number of physical materials in religion, art, architecture, calligraphy, music, clothing and medicine.

Longmen Stone is located in the south of Luoyang12km, which is a beautiful place. The two green mountains face each other, and the river flows slowly.

. From a distance, it looks like a natural gate, so it was called "yique" in ancient times. It has been the first sight of Youlong Gate since ancient times.

Longmen Grottoes also retain a large number of physical historical materials about religion, art, calligraphy, music, clothing, medicine, architecture and Chinese and foreign transportation. Therefore, it is also a large stone carving art museum.

Longmen Grottoes are large-scale, magnificent, beautifully carved and rich in content and theme, and are regarded as one of the greatest treasures of classical art in the world. With its own systematic and unique language of sculpture art, it reveals various laws and rules of sculpture art creation. Before that, the grotto art was basically preserved.

Longmen Grottoes inherited grotto art from all over India.

Stylistically, it combines the advanced and profound Chinese history and culture of Wei, Jin and Luoyang Southern Dynasties. Therefore, the sculpture art of Longmen Grottoes has been integrated with the understanding and strong pursuit of national aesthetic consciousness and form from the very beginning, which makes the grotto art show the trend of China and secularization, which can be called a "milestone" to show the transformation of China grotto art.