Seedling industry chaos: even willows can't be planted alive?

Willows are inadvertently shaded. This poem shows the high activity of willow, but it is not the case in today's seedling industry.

muddledness

Since this autumn, many friends in the industry have mentioned such a phenomenon. The willows planted in the north were half dead in the early stage, and most of them died in the later stage. The ornamental effect of the surviving willow landscape is very poor. The main symptoms are: after planting, black spots began to appear on the trunk, which flowed out with black water and spread rapidly, resulting in black spots on at least one third of the tree, and most of the whole tree dried up and died. This tree has a unified symptom after drying up: the bark surface is densely covered with raised black spots.

In recent years, the usage of willow in Beijing plain greening accounts for more than 16% of the total trees, ranking second, which can be described as huge usage. Due to the influence of the last low seedling tide, the number of willow seedlings in 2008 was very small. According to the seedling raising technology at that time, it took 4 to 5 years to cultivate a willow with DBH of 8 cm to 10 cm. After the first year of afforestation in the plain, the northern willow was basically out of stock, and the price of willow soared. The willow tree with 8 cm DBH rose from more than 30 yuan in 2008 to more than 90 yuan, and the price of saplings (3 cm) rose from around 5 yuan to more than 16 yuan, which can be described as profiteering. Therefore, the scale of willow planting has expanded rapidly. In order to get out of the nursery as soon as possible and meet the sales specifications, unconventional and non-standard cultivation techniques came into being.

Willow, as a native tree species in China, why is there such a performance? The reasons can be roughly divided into three points:

First, the emergence of water and fertilizer seedlings; Second, the south seedlings moved to the north, the soil and water were not acclimatized, the tree vigor weakened, and the disease invaded; Third, take it lightly, thinking that willows grow well and live well. If they are left for a long time, management can't keep up and they are thirsty. Based on the above reasons, it is not difficult to see that, in addition to the lack of skills of nursery managers, the anxiety and profit-seeking mentality of nursery practitioners are the chief culprit leading to the death of these willows.

The first culprit: increasing seedling density and spoon-feeding cultivation.

In order to pursue a large number, some growers have increased the seedling density (for example, more than 8,000 seedlings per mu), and in order to meet the specifications quickly, they still spoon-feed the seedlings from spring to 65,438 438+ 10/0. There is a saying that there are eight waters and eight fertilizers a year, and the topdressing of urea has suddenly increased from about 20 kilograms per mu to more than 40 kilograms. Generally, fertilization will be stopped in August, and it will reach 65,500. In the case of serious shortage of organic soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, the willow produced by this method can not be high-quality and strong, which is called water and fertilizer seedling raising.

The quality of water and fertilizer seedlings is low. First, it is difficult to resist the cold wind in winter and the cold deep into the bone marrow; Second, I can't resist the pain of transplantation and have to get sick. This kind of seedling looks beautiful in the nursery. Once transplanted, especially in winter, it will die on a large scale. This phenomenon is not only found in willow trees, but also in ash and Sophora japonica, so the price of fast-growing varieties is not as high as that of seeding seedlings (the price of ash with 3 cm fluff is more than twice that of fast-growing varieties).

There are indications that everything seems to be a rapid disaster, but it is not the case. People will eventually realize that there are problems with cultivation techniques and growers' mentality. This fast-growing variety has been branded unfairly, which is the disaster caused by water and fertilizer seedlings.

The second culprit: Nanmiao moved to the north and the management was extensive.

The phenomenon of south seedlings moving to the north is also caused by the high profit of seedlings in the northern region and the small number of seedlings with sufficient specifications. Willow trees in the Yangtze River basin grow rapidly, and the degree of lignification is relatively low, because of sufficient light time and rain. After transplanting to the north, the growing environment has changed, and the climate, light and rain are quite different from the original planting area. In addition, growers subjectively think that willow is easy to survive and carry out extensive management, and do not pay attention to observation and proper water and fertilizer management at the initial stage of transplanting, resulting in a wide range of seedling deaths and losses. Any tree species has its relatively adaptive ecological environment. Once the external environment changes, the tree will be weak and easily infected with diseases and die.

The third culprit: lack of technology and improper methods.

The thirst death of seedlings is mainly caused by the following reasons: first, long-term storage, long-term transportation and long-term planting of seedlings lead to serious water loss and physiological water shortage; Second, the method of heel is not appropriate, resulting in long-term physiological water shortage.

The correct way is to thoroughly irrigate the water after the heel goes in, so that the roots of the seedlings will not look good when they are dug out. The roots look as good as they have just been dug, with black mold cuts and unwatered roots. Third, water is impermeable after planting, and physiological water shortage leads to bud regrowth. In a word, the thirst death of seedlings is caused by improper methods, such as physiological water shortage, weak tree potential and trunk death caused by disease invasion.

Thoughts expressed in words

At present, the seedling industry has not implemented industry standards, and there is no constraint on the inherent quality of seedlings themselves. Only the grower knows what its intrinsic quality is. If the buyer does not have certain professional knowledge and field investigation ability, it is difficult to detect it, and it can only be found after planting, but it is too late.

High quality and strong seedlings are the premise to ensure the survival rate of afforestation. Cultivating high-quality seedlings requires high-quality seedlings, supporting cultivation techniques and sufficient cultivation time. The selection of fast-growing varieties for seedling planting must be supported by corresponding supporting technologies in order to cultivate high-quality seedlings. Now, if you want to buy high-quality seedlings, you still need buyers to go to the nursery to check, ask and understand, and buy at a fixed point. For seedlings that are not seen with your own eyes, you must know clearly the source and cultivation measures to prevent water and fertilizer seedlings from entering the construction site.

The author believes that after the market realizes the importance of seedling quality, water and fertilizer seedlings will be gradually eliminated by the market. At present, the purchase of seedlings in the market is a refusal of water and fertilizer for seedlings by growers and a manifestation of pursuing high-quality seedlings. In the future, the market will demand more and more strict quality of seedlings. In the case of industry depression, the quality of seedlings will also determine the future of a nursery.

Wax sealing scion can greatly improve the survival rate of cultivation.

Soaking branches with solvent prepared from rooting powder can promote rooting.