A Case Study of Vegetable Logistics and Distribution in Xi 'an Universities

with the development of economy, the accelerated pace of life, the improvement of people's living standards and the pursuit of better quality of life, it is the general trend for fresh vegetable sales to go out of the traditional mode, enter families with modern distribution methods and enter industrial and mining enterprises. In northwest China, vegetable distribution business started late, but once it develops, it will develop quickly. Because of the high population density, high internet penetration rate and easy acceptance of new things, it is very suitable to choose colleges and universities as the starting point of vegetable distribution, which is also an experience accumulation for family users in the future.

1. Current situation of vegetable distribution at home and abroad

Vegetable distribution abroad is very developed. In Europe, the quantity of collective ordering and family ordering has accounted for 4%, and the rest demand is generally supplied by supermarkets, which can also be regarded as a kind of vegetable distribution as a distribution center. Due to the fast pace of life, Japan has done a better job in vegetable distribution, with an annual output value of tens of billions.

In the developed coastal areas of China, the vegetable distribution business has developed rapidly in recent years. For example, in Beijing, Shanghai and other places, there are distribution centers in many communities, and the ordering business has developed rapidly. Wanjiahuan, a vegetable distribution company in Shenzhen, has annexed more than 3 vegetable distribution companies since its establishment in 1995, which not only monopolized the Guangdong market, but also extended to Hainan, Yunnan and Fujian. In 23 alone, the vegetable distribution in a Guangzhou market reached 6 billion output value.

Xi' an is the provincial capital with dense universities, and the universities are relatively concentrated. With the expansion of enrollment scale, the number of students in colleges and universities is generally more than 1,, and some can reach 3,. Together with faculty and staff, it is a huge consumer group. At present, the vegetables needed in the canteens of colleges and universities need to be purchased by special personnel and equipped with special trucks every day, which is laborious and laborious. Because we don't know the source of vegetables, it is difficult to guarantee the quality and quality of vegetables. If the vegetable distribution mode is adopted, the above shortcomings can be avoided.

2 advantages of vegetable distribution in colleges and universities in Xi' an

Every evening, colleges and universities browse websites to get information about all kinds of vegetables, and send orders (which can be telephone, fax, E-mail, etc.) to the logistics center as required. After the logistics center summarizes and adjusts the orders of colleges and universities, it delivers them on time according to the order requirements and the specific situation of the supplier and the buyer. Its advantages are as follows:

It is convenient to order, saving time and effort. Just a phone call or E-mail, you can purchase all kinds of vegetables you need without leaving home, and you don't have to send someone to buy them or prepare your own delivery tools.

the price is cheap. One of the advantages of distribution is to form scale effect by collecting goods, reduce intermediate links and greatly reduce the cost of vegetables.

the quality of vegetables can be guaranteed. The distribution center has its own vegetable base, which has strict requirements on the cultivation of vegetables, the use of pesticides and the quality of vegetables. In order to reassure customers, the cleaning, disinfection and processing of vegetables in the distribution center also have strict regulations, and the preservation time of vegetables is absolutely guaranteed to be less than 24 hours, which is safe, hygienic and fresh.

accurate delivery time. Vegetables are regularly delivered to colleges and universities at 8-9 am and 2-3 pm every day.

3 college vegetable logistics and distribution plan

3. 1 Basic function of distribution

Distribution is actually a process of goods distribution, including three steps: concentration, classification and distribution. These three steps consist of a series of distribution operations. The basic functional elements of distribution mainly include collection, sorting, distribution, loading and delivery.

goods collection: goods collection is the primary link of distribution, which is to gather scattered goods that need to be distributed for sorting and distribution. Colleges and universities in Xi 'an are mainly concentrated in the southern suburbs, so vegetable bases can be set up in the southern suburbs, and a certain amount of vegetables can be sent to the distribution center every day according to the order requirements by adopting the scale production method.

sorting and distribution: after receiving vegetables from vegetable base, the distribution center immediately picks and equips them according to the category, quality and requirements of colleges and universities, and labels them, so as to reduce errors, improve distribution quality and strive to establish a brand.

stowage: stowage refers to making full use of the carrying capacity and volume of the means of transport, and adopting advanced loading methods to reasonably arrange the loading of goods. In the vegetable distribution plan of colleges and universities in Xi 'an, trucks are mainly used for transportation.

delivery: delivery refers to delivering the prepared vegetables to colleges and universities according to the delivery route determined by the delivery plan, and handing them over. How to determine the route and effectively combine the assembly with the route is the characteristic of distribution and transportation, and it is also a difficult task.

3. 2 determination of distribution network structure

distribution network structures are generally divided into centralized, decentralized and multi-level types. Which distribution network to choose depends on the level of outward transportation cost and inward transportation cost. Outward transportation cost refers to the transportation cost from distribution center to customers, and inward transportation cost refers to the transportation cost from goods supplier to distribution center.

1) centralized distribution network: this distribution network has only one distribution center, so centralized inventory is conducive to the reduction of inventory and the realization of economies of scale. However, there is a tendency to increase the cost of outbound transportation. It is characterized by low management costs; Low safety stock; Long lead time for users; The transportation cost is relatively high for outward transportation.

2) Distributed distribution network: This scheme sets up multiple distribution centers according to the distribution of users, which is characterized by low outbound transportation cost, high inbound transportation cost, increased management cost and scattered inventory, but the lead time of users can be relatively shortened.

3) Multi-level distribution network: This distribution network is a combination of centralized and decentralized distribution networks.

based on the comprehensive consideration of the geographical location of colleges and universities in Xi' an, the location of vegetable bases, the traffic situation of each node and the transportation cost, it is decided to adopt a centralized distribution network.

3. 3 Determination of distribution mode and service mode

Vegetable distribution mode belongs to urban distribution center and is a processing distribution center. After the distribution network is determined, the distribution mode and service mode become the key to reduce the distribution cost and improve the service level. Because of the particularity of vegetable distribution (vegetables are not suitable for storage), it is advisable to choose the direct distribution mode, that is, after the goods arrive at the distribution center from the vegetable base, they are quickly sorted and transferred, and delivered on time within 12 hours. On-time delivery is characterized by the accuracy of time, which requires the goods to be delivered at the specified time according to the user's production rhythm, and can completely realize "zero inventory". In order to achieve the efficiency and accuracy of the whole logistics information system, it is necessary to adopt the distribution mode of combining e-commerce with distribution system. Vegetable distribution network has become a platform for business and information exchange among logistics centers, vegetable bases and universities.

3. 4 determination of delivery route

before discussing the route of vegetable delivery, let's discuss a traveling salesman (TSP) problem: a traveler starts from the starting point and returns to the starting point after passing through all the cities to be reached. It is required to arrange its travel route reasonably to make the total travel distance (or travel time, travel expenses, etc.) shortest [2]. If the distribution center is regarded as the starting point and the end point of the distribution route, the distribution route problem is a traveling salesman problem.

set out, arrive at P1 and P2, and return to P. Compared with the route, it is obvious that Scheme 2 is more economical and reasonable than Scheme 1. The saving amount is (2d1+2d2)-(d1+d2+d3)= d1+d2-d3, but the precondition of this saving formula is that all nodes can be directly connected, that is, there is the shortest route.

based on the geographical distribution of colleges and universities in Xi' an, we can find that the traffic routes of colleges and universities in Xi' an are horizontal and vertical, which does not meet the above requirements. Therefore, route design is of little significance, but it is of great significance in other distribution problems.

4 Establishment of website

As a purely commercial website, the website of vegetable distribution center mainly provides the most convenient and quick way for new customers to buy vegetables through e-commerce, so that netizens can really buy a high-quality and cheap vegetable without leaving home. At the same time, introduce and publicize the company's various products. When consumers browse the webpage, they can see pictures and detailed information of all kinds of up-to-date vegetables provided by the website, and provide professional nutrition recipes for different customers to meet their various requirements.

5 Conclusion

Here, the logistics and distribution of vegetables in colleges and universities only play a role in attracting jade. With the increase of professional women and the change of people's consumption concept, the active vegetable distribution for industrial and mining enterprises and families will become the mainstream form of agricultural products sales in the future with its advantages of reasonable price, time saving, short sales period and stable quality, with unlimited business opportunities.