The original text and translation of Guo Qin Lun published by PEP.

Original text: According to the "Solid Grain Imperial edict", the monarch and his subjects held on to the land of Yongzhou, in order to get a glimpse of Zhoushi, with the intention of sweeping the world and annexing the Eight Wastes.

It occupies the dangerous places of Lushan Mountain and Hangu Pass, and has the land of Yongzhou guarded by the monarch and his subjects, in order to spy on the Zhou royal family, with the intention of sweeping the world, conquering Kyushu, sweeping the four seas and annexing remote places on all sides.

Original: When the time is ripe, Shang Jun will assist it in internal legislation, farming and weaving, and repair the tools of war; Fighting the prince outside the company. So the Qin people surrendered and seized the Xijiang River.

At that time, Shang Jun assisted him to establish internal laws and regulations, vigorously develop the textile industry, and build defense and offensive equipment; Carry out the strategy of balance of power, so that the governors in Shandong Province fight with each other. In this way, the Qin people easily seized the land outside the Xihe River.

Since there is no filial piety, Huiwen, Wuwu and Zhao Xiang have inherited their careers. Because of their heritage, they took Hanzhong in the south, Bashu in the west, fertile land in the east and key counties in the north.

The vassals were afraid, and they tried to weaken Qin by uniting with each other. They didn't love precious and fertile land, so people in the world went hand in hand and became friends. At this time, there are Meng early adopters, Zhao Pingyuan, Chu Chunshen and Wei Xinling.

The governors were frightened, so they held a meeting to form an alliance and sought ways to weaken Qin. Don't be stingy with rare and precious utensils and fertile land, they are used to attract outstanding talents from all over the world, conclude alliances and covenants and form an organic whole. At that time, there were Meng Changjun in Qi, Ping Yuanjun in Zhao, Chun Shenjun in Chu and Xin Lingjun in Wei.

After the death of Xiao Gong, King Huiwen and Hehe inherited the existing heritage and followed the strategy of the previous generation, attacking Hanzhong in the south, annexing Ba and Shu in the west, cutting fertile territory in the east and occupying important counties and cities in the north. These four monarchs are wise, faithful, generous and benevolent, and they all come from Tianping. They all come from Korea, Wei, Yan, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan.

These four feudal lords are wise and brave, sincere and trustworthy, generous to others, and have great respect for talented people. (They) broke Qin's Lian Heng strategy with an alliance treaty, and formed the armies of Korea, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan.

So the people of the six countries are subordinates of Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin and Du He, followers of Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen Yi, Zhao Liu, Lou Man, Zhai Jing, Su Li and friends of Wu Qi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao She.

At this time, scholars from the six countries, such as Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin and Doukhi, gave them advice, while Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen Yi, Zhao Liu, Lou Slow, Zhai Jing, Su Li and others conveyed their opinions, as well as Wuqi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Tian Ji and Lian Po.

Original: Taste ten times the land, a million teachers, and attack Qin. Qin people switch to stop the enemy, and the division of the Nine Kingdoms lingers and dares not enter. Wu Qin's death caused him great losses, and the world was in trouble.

They once went to Hanguguan to attack Qin with ten times the land of Qin and millions of troops. The Qin people's congress opened its doors wide and led the enemy deep, but the troops of the nine countries hesitated and dared not enter the customs. The Qin people did not lose an arrow, but the governors of the world were in panic.

So I lost my contract and fought for the territory to pay off the Qin Dynasty. Qin spared no effort to control its abuses, chasing the dead and driving them north, burying millions of bodies and bleeding.

In this way, the treaty was lifted, and the vassal States scrambled to cede territory and bribe Qin. Qin had extra strength to subdue them with their weaknesses and chase the defeated troops (nine countries). Millions of defeated soldiers lay dead on the road, with rivers of blood and big shields floating.

Original: Take advantage of the situation, slaughter the world and split the rivers and mountains. Please submit to the strong countries, and the weak countries will enter the DPRK. ? Show filial piety to King Wen and King Xiang Zhuang, and enjoy the country for a short time. The country has nothing to do. ?

In this favorable situation, (Qin people) cut the land of the world and (re-) divide the mountains and rivers. Strong countries submit to the initiative, and weak countries go to Qin to worship (on time). ? When King Xiaowen and King Zhuang Xiang succeeded to the throne in turn, their rule was not long, and nothing important happened in the State of Qin. ?

Original: At the beginning of the emperor, after the fierce struggle of the sixth emperor, he made great efforts to conquer the interior, annexed the dead prince within two weeks, exercised supreme power and created Liuhe, and whipped the world with one blow, which caused great shock all over the world.

By the time of the first emperor, he had greatly developed the achievements of the first six generations of monarchs, wielded a whip to control the whole of China, wiped out the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty and all the vassal states, ascended the most noble throne to rule the world, and persecuted the people of the whole country with various instruments of torture, which shocked the whole world.

After the death of the first emperor, his afterglow shocked the remote areas. However, Chen She was just a poor boy. He used a broken urn as a window and a straw rope as a hinge. He was a self-protection and servant, and later became a pawn moved to the border. Talents are not as good as the middle class, as virtuous as Kong Qiu and Mo Zhai, and as rich as Tao Zhu and Ayton.

Moreover, the world has not become smaller and weaker, and the topography of Yongzhou, the dangers and solidity of Mount Yi and Hanguguan remain the same.

Chen She's position is not higher than that of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. Hoe stick is not sharper than hook spear; Soldiers who moved to the frontier were no better than the troops of the nine countries; As for the far-sighted strategy of leading troops to fight, (Chen She) can't compare with the military commanders and advisers of the nine countries.

However, success or failure is different, while achievement is the opposite. Try to make the countries of Shandong and Chen She bigger and bigger, so we can't talk in the same year. Qin, on the other hand, has a small territory, but it is thousands of times larger, and the eight countries have been in the same column for more than one hundred years. Then take Liuhe as home and faith as palace. It's no use crying, but it's hard to be alone. Unscrupulous attack and defense are also different!

But those with good conditions failed, while those with poor conditions succeeded, and their achievements were completely opposite. Why? If we compare Shandong countries with Chen She and measure their strength, it will be a world of difference.

However, Qin has developed into a country full of chariots and horses with its tiny place, and has attracted governors from eight countries to worship itself for more than 100 years. Then the world is private, and Lushan Mountain and Hanguguan are the palace walls;

A garrison soldier attacked and destroyed seven temples of the Emperor of Heaven. All the princes and grandchildren died at the hands of others and were laughed at by the whole world. What is the reason? Because benevolence and righteousness have not been implemented, the offensive and defensive situation has changed.

Extended data

First, the creative background:

The era of Emperor Wendi in the Western Han Dynasty was the early stage of the so-called "peaceful and prosperous times" in the Han Dynasty, that is, "the rule of cultural scene". Jia Yi, with his keen insight, saw the latent crisis in the Western Han Dynasty through appearances.

At that time, rich and powerful people embezzled a large number of farmers' land, forcing farmers into bankruptcy and exile, and heavy oppression, exploitation and cruel punishment also intensified class contradictions.

The contradiction between domestic feudal separatism and centralization, between the ruling class and the working people and the nation is becoming more and more serious, and the position of the ruler is in danger of being shaken.

Secondly, the author introduces:

Jia Yi (former 200- former 168) was born in Luoyang (now east of Luoyang, Henan). Political commentator and writer in the early Western Han Dynasty. When I was young, I was famous for my poems. Later, he was used by Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty to advocate reform and was demoted as the teacher of King Changsha (because King Changsha was not favored by Emperor Wen at that time, he was demoted). Later, he was appointed as the teacher of Liang Huaiwang. King Huai of Liang fell from his horse and died of self-injury and grief.

Baidu Encyclopedia-On Qin Dynasty