What are the employment and entrepreneurship jobs in village communities?

The new Anti-Drug Law, which came into effect on June 1st, 28, is an important law for benefiting the people, which is conducive to the construction of a harmonious society, especially for the re-regulation of drug rehabilitation measures. For example, voluntary detoxification, community detoxification and compulsory isolation detoxification are stipulated according to the different situations of drug addicts; The past compulsory detoxification and reeducation-through-labor measures were cancelled for drug addicts who were first seized, but the public security organs first made community detoxification decisions. All these fully reflect the people-oriented concept of drug rehabilitation in the Anti-Drug Law, which will surely promote the long-term development of drug rehabilitation in China. However, community detoxification (rehabilitation) is a brand-new work, and how to carry it out and maximize the effect of detoxification will be a new topic we are facing. In the first half of this year, according to the deployment of provincial and municipal anti-drugs, liandu of Lishui City carried out the pilot work of community drug rehabilitation in Yanquan Sub-district Office, which accumulated certain experience and achieved good results. This paper discusses the community drug rehabilitation work in combination with the drug situation in Liandu and the community drug rehabilitation work that has been carried out. First, we should recognize the significance of community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) in ideology. Community drug rehabilitation has changed our concept of drug control. For a long time, whether it is the working concept of the government and law enforcement departments, or the cognition of all walks of life and the psychology of the broad masses, drug addicts are often regarded as "criminals", focusing on punitive measures against drug addicts, lacking humanistic care, and the phenomenon of "paying more attention to crackdown, neglecting prevention, paying more attention to punishment and neglecting education" is relatively common. At present, the Anti-Drug Law takes the combination of education and treatment as the legislative guiding principle, starting from the triple attributes of drug addicts as "patients, offenders and victims", and emphasizes that "the state takes various measures to help drug addicts get rid of drug addiction, educate and save drug addicts." The specific content of the Anti-Drug Law runs through this legislative spirit, paying more attention to rehabilitation treatment, rights protection and humanistic care for drug addicts, and making it clear that community drug rehabilitation without restricting personal freedom is the first choice for drug rehabilitation; The original provisions of compulsory detoxification and reeducation through labor were abolished, and unified provisions were made for compulsory isolation detoxification mainly for relapsers; It is emphasized that drug addicts are not discriminated against in enrollment, employment and social security, and they can voluntarily participate in rehabilitation work and get corresponding remuneration. This requires us to adapt ourselves to the requirements of the Anti-Drug Law, establish a new concept of people-oriented anti-drug work, and adjust the existing working mechanism, working methods and means. Second, at the operational level, we should be familiar with the procedures of community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation). As the name implies, community drug rehabilitation is to carry out drug rehabilitation in the living environment familiar to drug addicts. This is a successful experience of helping and educating drug addicts living in this community in some places in China for many years, and it is clearly a drug rehabilitation measure stipulated by law. Under the care of relatives and in a familiar living environment, we can strengthen the confidence of drug addicts who are underage or not addicted to drugs and have special family circumstances. Community rehabilitation refers to the person who has been released from compulsory isolation and detoxification, and the decision-making organ of compulsory isolation and detoxification can order him to receive community rehabilitation for no more than three years. Drug rehabilitation is a long process of giving up drug use from the beginning, changing one's own and interpersonal behavior patterns, and finally maintaining a stable withdrawal. A complete detoxification treatment should include three stages: physical detoxification, physical and mental rehabilitation and social reintegration. Detoxification is the first stage, and the latter two stages are more important. Although the people who have been released from compulsory isolation for detoxification have left the compulsory isolation for detoxification, they have not completed the whole process of detoxification and still need to be further tested in the process of returning to society. The examples of drug addicts successfully abstaining from drug addiction show that the three stages of the whole process of drug rehabilitation should be connected with each other and not separated from each other, otherwise it is difficult to achieve the effect of drug rehabilitation. Therefore, in order to consolidate the effect of compulsory isolation detoxification and ensure that the people who have been released from compulsory isolation detoxification really get rid of drug addiction, the Anti-Drug Law has established a system for the people who have been released from compulsory isolation detoxification to receive community rehabilitation. The specific procedures are as follows: (1) The object and duration of community detoxification (rehabilitation) 1. According to the provisions of Articles 33, 39 and 48 of the Anti-Drug Law of the People's Republic of China, the household registration in this area is First, the first-time drug addicts who meet the conditions of community detoxification make a decision on public security punishment and implement public security detention, and order the community to detoxify after the public security detention. Second, if the drug addicts do not meet the compulsory isolation and detoxification, they will be ordered to detoxify in the community after being detained in public security; (2) Active registered drug addicts who do not meet the conditions of compulsory isolation and detoxification shall be ordered to undergo community detoxification; (3) Compulsory isolation and detoxification of drug addicts is not applicable according to law. First, women who are pregnant or breast-feeding their babies under one year old are addicted to drugs, so compulsory isolation and detoxification are not applicable, and they are ordered to accept community detoxification. Second, minors under the age of 16 are addicted to drugs, and those over the age of 7 are addicted to drugs, so they can be ordered to accept community detoxification without compulsory isolation, and third, they can't take care of themselves because of serious illness or disability. Fourth, others are not suitable for compulsory isolation and detoxification. 2. Incorporate the following persons with household registration in this area into community rehabilitation for a period of three years: (1) drug addicts who are currently undergoing social assistance and education; (2) drug addicts who are currently undergoing compulsory detoxification, reeducation through labor, taking criminal compulsory measures and being sentenced to three years or less. (II) Specific Contents of Community Drug Rehabilitation 1. The working mechanism of community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) personnel. Although drug addicts are offenders, they are also victims of drugs. Help and education personnel should be good at ideological work, guide drug addicts with sincerity and sincerity, and often publicize the harm of drugs to them from the perspective of service providers, so that they can establish a firm belief in abstaining from drug addiction. According to the age, physical condition, education level and drug addiction history of the community drug addicts, the drug rehabilitation program and withdrawal measures that are in line with the actual situation of each drug addict are formulated. On the one hand, it is necessary to make a comprehensive analysis according to the degree of drug exposure, experience, personal characteristics, living and family environment of community drug addicts, and formulate a personalized, graded and phased drug rehabilitation program, and make timely adjustments according to the drug rehabilitation effect and needs and according to the standardized process. On the other hand, in the community where drug addicts are relatively concentrated, methadone maintenance treatment points are set up in hospitals, and at the same time, detoxification clinics are set up in medical points to solve the physiological detoxification problem of drug addicts who voluntarily go to the community for detoxification. At the same time, all relevant departments should try their best to provide convenience for drug addicts to provide schooling assistance, legal aid, employment guidance, skills training, community relief, etc., so that they can support themselves and integrate into the social family as soon as possible. 2. Social participation mechanism of community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) The work of community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) is a systematic work. Under the unified leadership of the local party committee and government, public security, health, justice, civil affairs, labor and social security and other functional departments and social forces participate in it, giving full play to the role of culture, education, youth league, women's federations and other relevant departments. The financial department should ensure the annual expenditure on drug control, set up a special fund for drug control, open a special fund-raising channel, and mobilize all sectors of society and the broad masses of the people to participate in the drug control struggle by raising and accepting donations. In order to ensure the implementation of community drug rehabilitation, it is also necessary to incorporate social drug rehabilitation into comprehensive management, and set up community drug rehabilitation service points in town (street) comprehensive management workstations, led by comprehensive management, and establish drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) working groups with social workers, village cadres, community police, drug addicts' families and volunteers to recruit some social workers with certain professional qualities. At the same time, enterprises are actively encouraged to set up employment resettlement sites for drug addicts to help solve the employment problems of drug addicts in the community and solve their worries. Since the beginning of this year, with the efforts of liandu Municipal Labor and Social Security Bureau, three community drug addicts have been introduced to some enterprises under their jurisdiction for employment, and their performance has also been well received by employers. 3. Standardized operation mechanism of community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) Article 35 of the Anti-Drug Law stipulates that drug addicts who accept community drug rehabilitation should abide by laws and regulations, consciously fulfill community drug rehabilitation agreements, and receive regular testing according to the requirements of public security organs. For drug addicts who violate the community drug rehabilitation agreement, the staff involved in community drug rehabilitation should criticize and educate them; Those who seriously violate the community drug rehabilitation agreement or take or inject drugs during community drug rehabilitation shall report to the public security organ in time. This requires all towns and villages to establish and improve the standardized operation mechanism of community drug rehabilitation work, and formulate rules and regulations such as "Community Drug Rehabilitation Work Standard", "Social Work Responsibility" and "Community Drug Rehabilitation Personnel Grading Regulations". (1) the community drug addicts should be ordered to report to the Township People's Government in the place of execution within seven days (if the foreign drug addicts whose household registration is not local go to the place where their household registration is located, it can be relaxed to fifteen days), and the Township People's Government and the Street Office will formally incorporate them into the community drug rehabilitation work; Carry out urine sample testing, help and teach heart-to-heart talks and home visits for community drug addicts, urge community drug addicts to report drug rehabilitation, and provide community drug addicts with information on drug rehabilitation service institutions, schooling assistance, legal aid, employment guidance, skills training and community relief; Leave for community drug addicts to leave the drug rehabilitation site for approval; Conduct quarterly, annual and overall evaluation of the effectiveness of community drug addicts; If the three-year period expires and the conditions for community detoxification are met, a Decision on Community Detoxification shall be made, and the community detoxification personnel shall be removed. (2) criticize, educate and give a written warning to the community drug addicts who violate the community drug rehabilitation agreement; Those who seriously violate the community drug rehabilitation agreement or have drug abuse behavior during the community drug rehabilitation period should be reported to the public security organ in a timely manner. The public security organ will make a compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation decision for those who have the following behaviors and send them to relevant drug rehabilitation places for drug rehabilitation. First, refusing to report the situation of drug rehabilitation and refusing to correct it after two written warnings; Second, evading or refusing to accept urine tests for more than three times; Third, leaving the community for more than three times without authorization, or leaving the community for more than 3 days without authorization. 4. Public opinion propaganda mechanism of community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) Community drug rehabilitation is a brand-new drug rehabilitation measure. In order to get the understanding and support from all walks of life, it is necessary to strengthen public opinion propaganda. In the process of vigorously publicizing the dangers of drugs and various anti-drug and drug rehabilitation measures, all relevant departments should not only publicize to drug addicts, parents, brothers and sisters of drug addicts, neighbors and relatives of drug addicts, but also publicize to all walks of life. Only by publicizing policies and regulations in place can we create a strong atmosphere for the implementation of the drug control law and the smooth development of community drug rehabilitation work. Third, in the work practice, we should fully estimate the difficulties that the community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) work may face (1) The functional departments have different ideas. As a new measure of drug rehabilitation after the implementation of the Anti-Drug Law this year, the drug rehabilitation assistance and education work for drug addicts has been changed from the original public security organs to the urban neighborhood offices and township people's governments. City street offices and Township People's governments may designate relevant grass-roots organizations to sign community drug rehabilitation agreements with drug addicts according to their personal and family conditions, and implement targeted community drug rehabilitation measures. Public security organs, judicial administration, health administration, civil affairs and other departments shall provide guidance and assistance to community drug rehabilitation work. This fully reflects the legislative intention of the Anti-Drug Law to involve the whole people in the anti-drug work and the determination to fight the people's war against drugs. However, immediately after the implementation of the new law, many functional departments have not changed their minds, thinking that community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) is not binding enough, and drug abuse will become more rampant. This concept seriously restricts the active and effective implementation of various measures in community drug rehabilitation. (II) The foundation of drug rehabilitation work is still relatively weak. The Anti-Drug Law has made major reforms on drug prohibition and rehabilitation, and clearly stipulated drug rehabilitation measures such as voluntary drug rehabilitation, community drug rehabilitation, compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation, and community rehabilitation. According to the requirements of the new law, we still lack the corresponding work basis in implementing these new drug rehabilitation measures. First, there is a lack of institutions and personnel to carry out community drug rehabilitation and community rehabilitation. The Anti-drug Law clearly stipulates that urban neighborhood offices and township people's governments are responsible for community drug rehabilitation and rehabilitation, but at this stage, as far as liandu is concerned, towns (streets) do not have specialized anti-drug agencies and full-time staff. Second, Lishui City has not yet set up a compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation center. Third, the outpatient clinic of methadone maintenance treatment in Liandu district has not been established, which can not meet the demand of drug rehabilitation treatment at all. In addition, the places where drug addicts are detained also lack doctors with drug rehabilitation medical qualifications and medical permission from the health department. Fourth, there is no community drug rehabilitation place. (3) The integration of social resources needs to be further improved to carry out new community drug rehabilitation work, and it is necessary to properly link community drug rehabilitation with compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation and labor rehabilitation, and form a good interaction with civil affairs, labor security, social medical care and other departments; We should pay attention to the role of various forces in the community, organically combine with organs and hospitals in the community, and interact with non-governmental organizations, volunteers and volunteers in the community. At present, there are still weak links and gaps in how to better integrate the resources of various departments, give full play to their maximum social benefits, and promote the scientific development of community drug rehabilitation related work systems, which need to be further improved. (IV) Poor infrastructure and shortage of professionals Since the implementation of the pilot project of community drug rehabilitation, the most practical difficulties faced are that the "three rooms" of community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) work are difficult to implement and the public conditions are poor. Many towns and villages do not even have the necessary computers and telephones, especially in rural areas, and most community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) working groups do not have special public places. In addition, there is a shortage of professional staff for community drug rehabilitation. At present, the daily drug rehabilitation work in liandu is undertaken by comprehensive management staff. These staff are not trained by professional system, unfamiliar with drug rehabilitation business, unfamiliar with drug rehabilitation work procedures, and are not good at ideological influence work, which leads to the fact that community drug rehabilitation work is a mere formality, which does not really touch the reality of drug rehabilitation life and cannot provide in-place assistance for drug addicts. This will definitely restrict the maximum effect of community drug rehabilitation, which is not conducive to the regular development of community drug rehabilitation and the formation of a long-term mechanism. (V) The publicity work related to community drug rehabilitation is not in place. Since the implementation of the Anti-Drug Law, the relevant anti-drug publicity mode in liandu has been limited to banners, radio and television, distribution of publicity materials, etc. Various functional departments have not organized in-depth publicity and study on the specific content of community drug rehabilitation, and have not gone deep into the publicity and study of people at all levels. The publicity effect has only remained on a conceptual basis, limited to the first-time drug users and some people who have expired in compulsory isolation. Fourth, in the long-term development, we should take effective measures to promote community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation). (1) Strengthen organizational leadership. We should put community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) on the important agenda of the party and government at township (street) offices, make good arrangements, layout, inspection and implementation, regularly organize members of the community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) leading group and community monitoring group to hold working meetings, listen to reports on community drug rehabilitation (rehabilitation) and coordinate. Township (