How did the word "Hutong" come from? How many hutongs are there in old Beijing?

Hutong is a major feature of Beijing and has become an inseparable part of old Beijing culture. Do you know how the word "Hutong" came from? In these ancient hutongs, different stories are happening every day, and every corner has rich and colorful experiences, and every brick and tile contains endless memories.

The word "Hutong" originated from Mongolian and Yuan Dynasty. The word "Hutong" appears many times in many Yuan zaju. 127 1 year, Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty. 1279, Kublai Khan destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty and made Beijing its capital. Because Mongolians have lived in arid desert areas for a long time, they cherish water very much. Therefore, in the Yuan Dynasty, every household in Beijing had a well, and "well" became synonymous with people's lives. Rows of folk streets are called "Hutong", which means "good" in Mongolian. Later, Hutong became a homonym of Hutong, a word that has been used ever since.

For hundreds of years, old Beijing Hutong has been a symbol of the life of old Beijingers. There is a saying: "There are 360 famous hutongs, but there are no famous hutongs." This sentence vividly shows a large number of hutongs in Beijing. So, how many hutongs are there in old Beijing? According to relevant documents, there were more than 300 hutongs/kloc-0 in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, including 900 in the inner city and 300 in the outer city. The number of hutongs increased to more than 65,438+0,400 in the Qing Dynasty and to more than 3,000 during the Revolution of 1911. After the founding of New China, the number of hutongs in Beijing has increased to more than 6,000 due to the increase in the number of residents. However, with the economic development and urban transformation, some hutongs have been renamed or renovated.

Today, there are more than 4,000 famous hutongs in Beijing. If they are connected together, they are indeed longer than the Great Wall.

Next, I want to introduce two famous hutongs in Beijing. The first is Zhuanta Hutong, which is located to the west of Xisiding intersection. It is the oldest hutong in Beijing. According to records, Zhuanta Hutong appeared in the Yuan Dynasty, with a history of more than 700 years. Because there is an old man's tower in Song Wan on its east side, it was built for Kublai Khan to commemorate the old man in Song Wan, hence the name Brick Tower Hutong.

Brick pagoda hutong plays different roles in historical changes. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Brick Hutong was the center of opera activities and the most prosperous place in old Beijing at that time. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were troupe performances here every day, and gongs and drums were loud. In the Ming Dynasty, the court set up a special official school teaching workshop, and the hutong gradually lost its former excitement. In the late Qing Dynasty, the bustling scene of the Yuan Dynasty was restored here. It didn't become a residential area until after 1900, when the pants fled back to their hometown.

1932, Lu Xun fell out with his younger brother and moved to the courtyard of Brick House Hutong No.61,where he created works such as Blessing and Eating Out. Drama master Zhang Henshui once lived here and ended his life journey.

The second is the Liulichang, a famous cultural street outside Heping Gate in Beijing. After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Jin Dynasty, the imperial court established a glass kiln to provide resources for the construction of cities and houses. During the Ming Dynasty, Judy ordered the reconstruction of Beijing. Glaze kilns are burning more and more, and the glazed tiles produced decorate this splendid city. Later, there was no kiln here. Slowly, shops in Liulichang began to sell used books, calligraphy and painting, antiques and Four Treasures of the Study. Gradually, one scholar after another and playthings frequented Liulichang, and gradually became the most cultured street.

There are many famous old bookstores in Liulichang, as well as the largest ancient bookstore in China in China and three original bookstores in the west of Liulichang-Commercial Press, Zhonghua Bookstore and World Bookstore. The most famous old shop is the world-famous "Rong Baozhai", a tall antique building with carved beams and painted buildings.

In the late Qing Dynasty, literati often gathered here. Yu Youren, Zhang Daqian, Wu Changshuo and Qi Baishi, calligraphers of the older generation in the Republic of China, are also frequent visitors here. In founding ceremony's photos, the weights used by Mr. Shen Junru are all purchased from Rong Baozhai.

There are not only these two famous hutongs in old Beijing, but also many hutongs such as Nanluoguxiang, Cigarette butts West Street, Guozijian Street and Dongjiaomin Lane. Here can endure the hardships of years, full of past stories, blowing, beating, singing, shouting, children's tapping, full of the atmosphere of human fireworks.