The amount of environmental pollution on the earth

Too many dyes, air, climatic conditions, land, water, aquatic products, crops. ......

Save energy and protect ecology.

"Energy saving and emission reduction" has been called for decades, and many people understand it, but many people are still a preliminary concept. China people were fined for wasting a third of their food in a German restaurant on the grounds that "the money is yours, but the resources are yours."

Diamonds, gold in Africa and oil in the Middle East have been plundered, including invisible resource wars, but this is not all. Resources are not only visible, such as sunlight, water, various minerals, grains, forests, wetlands, grasslands, livestock, birds, fish and insects. There are invisible things, such as air and wind.

It takes a long time for all kinds of energy to form, and all kinds of precious stones and non-ferrous minerals are produced in the crustal movement. It takes a long century to reach the surface through high temperature and high pressure. Oil, coal, etc. They are all accumulated wealth for thousands of years, and they are never inferior to war.

Forest is a renewable resource, which plays a vital role in climate and environment. The climate and environment of a region need more than 40% forest and wetland protection to effectively regulate the local microclimate environment. Once it is destroyed, it will not only lead to serious consequences such as air quality decline, sandstorm increase, unpredictable precipitation, river drying up, land shortage, disappearance of surface water and groundwater decline, but also directly lead to increased diseases, intensified droughts and floods, reduced grain production and depletion of water resources. , agriculture, water conservancy, forestry, environmental protection and other departments will suffer serious losses. It takes more than a hundred years to form a forest and restore the protection of ecological climate at the same time, and some of them may never be restored. Now human desire and greed are still plundering the territory of animals and plants, some for profit, some for entertainment and some for survival. I really don't know whether this is the sorrow of human beings or the sorrow of animals and plants.

Glacier is the largest fresh water reservoir in the world, and its formation is not as easy as the ice sliding on your roof. Look at how many rivers in the world have not flowed out of her arms. If she disappears, she won't worry about us or shed tears. At that time, we won't be troubled by water. At that time, the poet might really say, "The sea ... is full of (salty) water!"

Data: The ice shelf cracked.

Satellite images show that the Wilkins ice shelf in Antarctica is beginning to disintegrate. In a rapidly warming area of Antarctica, a large piece of ice on the ice shelf began to collapse. (Reuters)

Thawing of arctic ocean

According to recent Canadian media reports, only part of the "Northwest Passage" of the Arctic Ocean is still covered with ice and snow, and explorers have managed to get through. Historically, due to the snow and ice cover, this northwest waterway connecting Europe and Asia has been navigable. In the past 10 years, the sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has melted at the rate of100000 square kilometers per year. This year, the melting of sea ice rose sharply, reaching100000 square kilometers, which directly led to the complete navigation of the northwest channel. Danish scientists said: "We are watching the ice and snow gradually melt. At present, there are only about 3 million square kilometers of sea ice left in the Arctic Ocean. "

Melting of glaciers in China

According to statistics, in recent 50 years, the glacier area in southwest China has decreased by 2 1%, and now it is accelerating the pace of melting.

Pai refers to the pollution and ecological side effects caused by all human beings and human-related activities. Our food, clothing, housing, transportation and activities have an impact on the world, such as drinking water-urinating, eating-excreting, food-land, virgin forests, vegetation, houses-land, vehicles and ships-air, information-radiation, orbiting satellites and space junk (as for the stationary guy who locates satellites, we will ignore it). If our activities and influence go beyond nature, we will be punished by nature, which is extremely terrible. Just like the destruction of the biological chain, with the disappearance of animal and plant populations, the depletion of water resources, the variation of some organisms and the increase of human diseases, the environment will be further polluted and deteriorated due to the lack of purification ability until the environment cannot adapt to human survival. The environmental load has increased rapidly: the industrial revolution has only been more than 200 years, and the blue sea and blue sky have been seriously polluted for less than 50 years. So how far can we go?

Present situation of water resources:

China is a country with severe drought and water shortage. The total amount of fresh water resources is 2.8 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 6% of the global water resources, ranking fourth in the world, second only to Brazil, Russia and Canada, but the per capita water resources are only 2,200 cubic meters, ranking 12 1 in the world, making it one of the countries with the poorest per capita water resources in the world. Among the 668 cities in China, more than 400 cities are short of water, and 100 cities are seriously short of water. I am afraid that the concept of "inexhaustible" will also be changed to "looking at water to quench thirst, no water and no pollution"! !

United States: When there was a shortage of water in midsummer, Washington City issued a temporary decree prohibiting people from watering their lawns within a certain period of time, and once found, they were fined immediately.

Japan: No matter government agencies, enterprises, social organizations or public places, slogans of cherishing and saving water are posted everywhere. Even the infrared induction water-saving devices in public toilets will make you feel that the Japanese water-saving consciousness is everywhere.

Israel: In order to effectively save water resources and limit the use of water, the government has promulgated relevant specific regulations, stipulating that those who exceed the quota will increase their prices by three times.

Brazil: Brazil still appeals to people to save water with small efforts, such as shortening the shower time and tightening the faucet.

Germany: There is no shortage of water, but many German families often save the water for cooking noodles and use the water for washing clothes to mop the floor.

Water pollution: surface water resources are seriously polluted, and groundwater resources are not optimistic.

The pollution degree of seven major water systems in China is ranked according to the pollution degree, and the results are as follows: Liaohe River, Haihe River, Huaihe River, Yellow River, Songhua River and Yangtze River. Considering the quality status of surface water resources in China, only 32.2% of the first and second class standards meet the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (cross-sectional statistics), 28.9% meet the third class standards, and 38.9% belong to the fourth and fifth class standards. If the three standards are also taken as pollution statistics, 67.8% of the river length in China is polluted, accounting for about 2/3 of the monitored river length. It can be seen that

According to the Groundwater Quality Standard (GB/T 14848-93), the groundwater quality data of 1995 wells were monitored and evaluated. The results show that among the 69 cities, there are no cities with Grade I water quality, but only 10 cities with Grade II water quality, accounting for only 14.5%. That is, 78% of groundwater is polluted; If the sanitary standard of drinking water is used for evaluation, only 328 wells meet the living standard, accounting for only 3 1.2% of the total evaluation.

According to statistics, 82% of people in China drink shallow wells and rivers, 75% of which are seriously polluted by bacteria, and 320 million farmers in China have no drinking water. About 65.438+0.9 billion farmers drink polluted water. In addition, the water used to irrigate farmland stinks and these polluted bubbles float. However, the food produced under such conditions has reached the dining table of China people.

For a long time, people have always thought that tap water is safe and hygienic. However, tap water is no longer sanitary because of water pollution. According to a survey, there are as many as 222/kloc-0 chemical pollutants in tap water all over the world, some of which are confirmed as carcinogens or cancer promoters. Judging from the drinking standard of tap water, China is still at a low level. At present, tap water can only be simply treated into drinking water by precipitation, filtration and chlorination.

Main reasons:

1, water pollution caused by industry is the most serious. Industrial wastewater is the main cause of water pollution, and solid waste and waste gas can also pollute water bodies.

2. Agricultural pollution is firstly caused by loose land surface caused by farming or land reclamation, resulting in soil erosion. In recent years, the use of pesticides and fertilizers is increasing day by day, which is washed into the surface water and infiltrated into the surface water, resulting in pollution.

3. Urban domestic sewage, garbage and waste gas cause water pollution.

In the world, the industrial and domestic wastewater discharged from urban areas alone is as much as 500 cubic kilometers every year, and each drop of sewage will cause several times or even dozens of times of pollution to the water body.

People often say: "Green mountains are always there, while green water is always flowing". Except for the snow-capped mountains on the plateau, the water supply of rivers is the water of green hills. These green hills refer to forest vegetation, not to mention its function of purifying air and regulating climate. Her stratum consists of tall trees, shrubs, vines, herbs and lichens. In particular, the structure of natural forests cannot be replicated by artificial forests, and water is fully absorbed and stored. So there will be a trickle (surface water) on the surface, and spring water will gush out underground (the underground water level is high, and fountains will form in low places). The harsh conditions in the northwest are the result of human activities, and the desert in Inner Mongolia is a masterpiece in the middle of Ming Dynasty. The harsh climatic conditions in the north lead to the difficulty of ecological restoration, and drought and semi-drought are widespread. On the other hand, South China is rich in water resources, which can develop rapidly, resulting in serious pollution. The water supply of the northern rivers is seriously insufficient, and most of the areas flowing through it need irrigation, drinking water and industrial development; Rivers in the south are polluted from the upstream, so the water in the middle and lower reaches is hard to say. Drinking water is a source of abuse.

In the final analysis: the long-term free use of water resources leads to people's low awareness of water conservation, resulting in water resources waste and unsustainable development and utilization. The water crisis will lead to further deterioration of the ecological environment. In order to obtain enough water resources for the society, we must increase the development of water resources. Overexploitation of water resources may lead to a series of ecological and environmental problems. The seriousness of water pollution is not only the result of over-exploitation of water resources, but also the reason for further strengthening the development of water resources. They interact with each other and form a vicious circle. It is generally believed that when the runoff utilization rate exceeds 20%, it has a great impact on the water environment, and when it exceeds 50%, the impact is serious. At present, the utilization rate of water resources in China has reached 19%, which is nearly three times the world average, and even higher in some areas. Such as 1995, the development and utilization rates of Songhua River, Haihe River, Yellow River and Huaihe River reach over 50%, among which the Huaihe River Basin reaches 98%. In addition, over-exploitation of groundwater will cause land subsidence, seawater intrusion, seawater intrusion and other environmental problems.

The shortage of water resources is increasing day by day. Rational development and utilization of water resources, protection of ecological environment, and maintenance of harmony between man and nature have become important topics in 2 1 century.