Yellow scarf army

The Yellow Scarf Army is an army with yellow cloth around its neck, and people call them magic soldiers and heavenly generals. There are rumors everywhere that' heaven is dead, and yellow heaven is in power'. Years old in Jiazi, the world is fine' slogan and slogan.

This general is Wu Xu, the proud general of Zhang Bao's "Humanitarian General". There are100000 yellow turban insurrectionary troops leading the mountains ... because most of them are mountain thieves and farmers. Therefore, discipline is lax. Fierce fighting, rape and plunder. Everything.

Yellow Turbans Uprising

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Jiao led an organized and prepared national peasant uprising. Because historically, insurgents were marked by the yellow turban insurrectionary.

The yellow turban insurrectionary.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, land annexation was very serious, and the power of powerful landlords expanded rapidly. They have "buildings and houses in the county, fields and acres in the countryside", and they have thousands of handmaiden and apprentices. After most farmers lost their land, most of them became dependent farmers of powerful landlords. In addition to paying high land rent and corvee, they are also dominated by landlords, such as serving as domestic soldiers and even migrating with their owners. The peasants and the landlord class are in sharp opposition.

Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the emperor ascended the throne when he was young, and consorts and eunuchs took turns to control state affairs. Politics is declining. Liu Hong, the spiritual emperor, publicly sold titles and titles in the West Park. State and county officials sometimes rotate several times a month, and when the officials arrive, they gather to collect. Since Andi, the imperial court has used the army against the Qiang people for a long time, spending more than 40 billion yuan, and this heavy burden has all fallen on farmers. Coupled with various natural disasters, there has been a serious situation of "empty fields, empty courts and empty warehouses". A large number of peasants are in exile and starving everywhere, and even Luoyang, the capital of Beijing, is a dead man resting on the road.

Due to the deepening of the social crisis, farmers were forced to revolt. In the more than 80 years from Andi to Lingdi, there have been nearly 100 recorded peasant uprisings. For example, the refugee uprising led by Jaco Road in Qingzhou during the Andi period spread to nine coastal counties; During the period, more than 10,000 Guangling insurgents led by them lived in Xu and Yang areas for more than ten years. During the reign of Emperor Huan, Sun Taishan led the rebel army to move to the three states of Qing, Yan and Xu, which dealt a heavy blow to the loyalists. In the south and northwest regions, there has also been a joint uprising of the Han nationality and ethnic minorities. Many peasant uprising leaders call themselves "emperors", "Hei Di", "supreme generals" and "real people", or set up titles and officials, or use religion as their organizational form. One after another, increasingly frequent. At that time, there was a popular folk song: "Wang's hair, like leeks, was cut back and resurrected;" Like a chicken, it will ring when you cut it. Officials don't have to be afraid and people don't have to be light! "The Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out on the basis of vigorous peasant struggle.

The leader of the yellow turban insurrectionary, Zhang Jiao (? ~ 184), a native of Julu, Jizhou (now southwest of Pingxiang, Hebei Province), was the leader of Taiping Road, calling himself a "great teacher". Taiping Dao is a branch of Taoism, and Huangdi and Laozi are its godfathers. In the name of preaching and curing diseases, Zhang Jiao preached among farmers and carried out secret activities. In the past ten years, there have been hundreds of thousands of disciples all over Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan and Yu. They are divided into 36 parties, with more than 10,000 generous people and six or seven thousand small parties, and each party has a handsome channel under his unified command. In the fifth year of Xiping (176), Situ Yangci wrote to Emperor Lingdi, asking to kill Qu Shuai of Taiping Road, so as to avoid future troubles. It can be seen that Taiping Road has attracted the serious attention of the ruling class. Later, Zhang Jiao stepped up the deployment of the uprising, and widely spread the prediction that "Heaven will perish, and Heaven will set a golden age", encouraging farmers to rise up and overthrow the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

In addition, the words "Jia Zi" are scrawled in clay on the doors of various government offices as a signal to launch an uprising. Ma Yuanyi, a generous man of Taiping Road, went to Beijing many times to look for eunuchs, and Feng Hsu was the back office. At the beginning of the first year (184, Jiazi year), Zhang Jiao ordered tens of thousands of people from Jing and Yang to gather in Ye, and agreed to start troops at the same time on March 5. However, in January before the scheduled date, Tang Zhou, a disciple of Zhang Jiao, wrote a letter to inform against Ma Yuanyi, who was arrested and suffered a car accident. More than 1000 Taoists in Luoyang and Taiping were killed. Emperor Ling immediately ordered Jizhou government to search for Zhang Jiao and other uprising leaders. Zhang Jiao sent someone in advance to inform all parties to rebel. As a result, the 36 th Party "rose at once" and its number reached several hundred thousand. Zhang Jiao called himself "General Heaven", his younger brother Zhang Bao "General Earth" and Sean "General Man". In ten days, the world responded and the capital shook. Lingdi hurriedly ordered the counties to repair weapons and strengthen the Yugoslav capital. He sent He Jin to lead Yulin and five commanders' battalions to guard Luoyang, and set up an eight commanders near Luoyang. Huang Fusong and Zhu He were also sent to mobilize elite soldiers from all over the country to suppress the Yellow Scarf Army. And eliminate partisan strife, pardon partisans, and ease contradictions within the ruling class. Local strongmen and landlords also rose up in succession, cooperating with loyalists to suppress the uprising, among which Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Gongsun Zan, Cao Cao, Sun Jian and Liu Bei were famous.

The yellow turban insurrectionary army is numerous and powerful, and the ruling class mistakenly calls it an "ant thief". At the beginning of the uprising, the main force of the Yellow Scarf Army was scattered in Julu, Yingchuan and Nanyang. They fought in their own way, attacked the city, seized the city, burned the government, and swept through the docks of powerful men and landlords, and achieved great victory. Nanyang Yellow Scarf Uprising led by Zhang Mancheng occupied the county seat and killed the prefect Gong Chu. Cai Bo's Yingchuan Yellow Scarf Army defeated the right corps commander Zhu in Changshe (now northeast of Changge, Henan) and besieged the left corps commander Huang Fusong. Runan Yellow Scarf defeated Zhao Qian. Yang Guang Huang Jin killed Guo Xun, the secretariat of Youzhou, and Liu Wei, the satrap. Farmers near Julu occupied Liu Xu in Wang Anping and Wang Liuzhong in Ganling. Zhang Jiao led the Yellow Scarf Army of Jizhou to capture Guangzong (now the east of Yuxian County, Hebei Province), and the northern corps commander Lu Zhi led troops to fight back, but failed. The spirit emperor dispatched Dong Zhuo, commander-in-chief of the East Army, to attack the opening angle, which also failed. At the same time, inspired by the Yellow Scarf Army, many independent peasant armed forces appeared in various places. Some of them are under the banner of the Yellow Scarf Army, while others are self-reliant. For example, the uprising led by Zhang Xiu, the leader of Wudou Rice Road in Hanzhong, was wrongly called "rice thief" by the ruling class. In Jizhou area, the scattered peasant army is a dime a dozen. The original ethnic minorities, such as Zero Qiang, Huang Zhongyi Hu Cong, Wuling Man and Ban Man, also revolted in succession and merged with the Han people, forming a torrent of resistance to feudal rule.

Although the Yellow Scarf Army has won a series of victories, it has also exposed many weaknesses, such as the rebels fighting in their own way and unable to coordinate; Although they were numerous, they lacked combat experience, so the Eastern Han Dynasty could concentrate its forces on conquering them one by one. Powerful landlords around the country used clan relations to organize landlord armed forces to be enemies of the peasant uprising, which also added many difficulties to the Yellow Scarf Army. In order to ensure the safety of Luoyang, the capital, the Eastern Han Dynasty first attacked the Yellow Scarf in Yingchuan. Due to the lack of combat experience, the Yellow Scarf Army led by Cai Bo was built on grass and was attacked by Huang Fusong at night. Cao Cao and Zhu attacked together and killed tens of thousands of uprising farmers. Chen, Runan, and the Yellow Scarf Army also failed one after another. Later, Zhu Lingbing attacked Nanyang Yellow Scarf Army. The two sides fought for Wancheng, and the battle was fierce. The Yellow Scarf Army recovered three times, which dealt a great blow to the enemy. However, due to the failure to take the initiative to attack, many favorable soldiers were lost, the leader Han Zhong was shaken, and Wancheng finally fell. The Yellow Scarf Army, which broke through, moved to Jingshan (now Nanyang North, Henan Province) and was pursued by loyalists. Most of them died. After the death of Zhang Jiao, the Yellow Scarf in Jizhou was led by Sean to uphold Guangzong. In October of the same year, Huang Fusong led the loyalist to sneak attack the yellow turban insurrectionary army camp, and Sean was killed. More than 30,000 yellow turban insurrectionary troops were killed, more than 50,000 people threw themselves into the river, and Zhang Jiao was slaughtered by caesarean section. Zhang Bao was immediately defeated and killed by Xiaquyang, and1000000 Yellow Scarf Army was killed.

After the main force of the yellow turban insurrectionary army headed by Zhang Jiao was suppressed, the rest of the yellow turban insurrectionary army and farmers' armed forces around the country still persisted in their struggle. In the fifth year of Zhong Ping, Guo Da, the surplus of the Yellow Scarf Army, gathered in Baibai Valley (now Xiangfen, Shanxi Province) and attacked Taiyuan, Hedong and other counties. In the same year, Qing and Xu of the rest of the yellow turban insurrectionary revived; Yizhou Ma Xiang and Zhao led the peasant uprising, and they also called themselves the Yellow Scarf. In October, they attacked Guanghan, Baxian and Qianwei counties and killed Yizhou Secretariat. Qingzhou yellow turban insurrectionary once developed to millions of people, and its fighting capacity was also very strong. They fought in Qing, Xu, Yan and Hebei for a long time, which dealt a heavy blow to the local feudal separatist forces and powerful landlords. Later, although Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army was forced to accept the incorporation of Cao Cao, the Yellow Scarf Army led by He, Sima Ju and Guancheng was still active in Jinan, Le 'an and Changguang respectively. The Yellow Scarf in Jinan lasted until the 12th year of Jian 'an (2007), and it also attacked and killed Liu Wang in Jinan. The peasant armies in Jizhou are: Bolingzhang, Changshanchu (Zhangyan), Huanglong, Zuojiao, Yuguangen, Zhangqi, Liu Shi, Zuobiao, Zhangba, Pinghan, Dahong, Yuancheng, Luoshi, Leigong, Baique, Yang Feng, Du Yu and Lu Wu. Most of these names reflect some characteristics of uprising leaders. They often live in Changshan, Zhao, Zhongshan, Shangdang and Hanoi, with numbers ranging from 20,000 to 30,000. Later, Zhang Yan contacted all the millions of peasant troops, namely the Black Mountain Army. The Eastern Han Dynasty imperial court could not forcibly remove it. Therefore, in order to disintegrate the insurgents, Zhang Yan was appointed as a corps commander. When Cao Cao pacified Jizhou, Zhang Yan led the people to surrender. Before that, the rest were suppressed by Cao Cao and Yuan Shao successively.

From the first year of Zhong Ping to the middle period of Di Xian Jian 'an, the Yellow Scarf Uprising and the people's uprisings of all ethnic groups under its influence lasted for more than 20 years. The yellow turban insurrectionary uprising was well organized after long-term preparation in advance. It publicly announced that it would overthrow the Eastern Han Dynasty and establish the peasants' own political power, which was a great progress compared with the previous peasant uprisings. Because of the weakness of the peasant uprising, they were brutally suppressed successively. However, under the heavy blow of the peasant uprising, the decadent Eastern Han Dynasty existed in name only.