Agricultural insurance expands coverage, adds products, and raises bids

Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Effectively Strengthening Agricultural Infrastructure

Further Promoting Agricultural Development and Increasing Farmers’ Income

(December 31, 2007)

The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and made comprehensive arrangements for continuing to promote reform, opening up and socialist modernization and achieving the grand goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. To promote scientific development, promote social harmony, and win new victories in building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, we must strengthen the basic position of agriculture, follow the path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics, establish a long-term mechanism to promote agriculture through industry, and promote urban and rural development, and form an integrated urban and rural economic and social development New pattern.

Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have complied with the requirements of the times, followed the laws of development, kept pace with the times and strengthened the work of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", and made a series of strategic arrangements of great significance and far-reaching influence. We should insist on solving the "three rural" issues as the top priority of the whole party's work, and continuously strengthen the leadership of agriculture and rural work; insist on coordinating urban and rural development, and continue to increase the intensity of industry's feedback to agriculture and cities' support for rural areas; insist on giving more support to agriculture and rural areas; We should take less and loosen more, and constantly improve the agricultural support and protection system; adhere to market-oriented reform, and continue to liberate and develop rural productivity; persist in improving people's livelihood, and continue to solve the most pressing practical problems of farmers' production and life. Through the concerted efforts of the entire Party and the people of the country, agriculture and rural development have shown a rare good situation. Grain production has increased for four consecutive years, and agricultural production has developed in an all-round way. Farmers' income has continued to grow rapidly and their living standards have improved significantly. Rural infrastructure has been improved at an accelerated pace, and major steps have been taken in the development of social undertakings and poverty alleviation. Rural reform has made historic breakthroughs and development vitality continues to increase. The relationship between the party and the masses, cadres and the masses in rural areas has been significantly improved, and rural society is stable and harmonious. The agricultural and rural areas are in good condition and have made significant contributions to reform, development and stability. Practice has proved that the central government’s policies on “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” are completely correct.

Currently, with the in-depth development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization, marketization, and internationalization, agriculture and rural areas are experiencing profound changes. Agricultural resource environment and market constraints have strengthened, making it more difficult to ensure a balance between supply and demand of agricultural products, requiring accelerated transformation of agricultural development methods. Competition in agricultural product trade has intensified, making it more difficult to promote exports of superior agricultural products and regulate imports in a timely and appropriate manner, calling for accelerated improvements in agricultural competitiveness. The comparative efficiency of agriculture has declined, making it more difficult to maintain stable development of food and continue to increase farmers' income, calling for a sound agricultural support and protection system. The outflow of rural production factors has intensified, making it more difficult to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, calling for greater efforts to coordinate urban and rural development. The profound transformation of rural social structure has made it more difficult to take into account the interests of all parties and do a good job in social management, requiring further improvement of rural governance mechanisms. The whole party must have a deep understanding of the new situations and new tasks facing the "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" work, comprehensively grasp new opportunities and new challenges, and enhance the sense of urgency to do a good job in the "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" work. The alarm bell of food security must always sound, and the string of strengthening the foundation of agriculture must be strengthened. We must always tighten up and insist on solving the "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" issues as the top priority of the whole party's work.

In 2008 and in the future, the overall requirements for agriculture and rural work are: fully implement the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and adhere to the important principles of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the "Three Represents" Guided by the ideology, we will thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, and in accordance with the requirements of forming a new pattern of integrated urban and rural economic and social development, we will focus on strengthening agricultural infrastructure, actively promote stable agricultural development, and continue to increase farmers' income, strive to ensure the basic supply of major agricultural products, and effectively solve rural problems. People's livelihood issues, and solidly promote the construction of a new socialist countryside.

1. Accelerate the construction of a long-term mechanism to strengthen the agricultural foundation

In the new stage of economic and social development, the multiple functions of agriculture have become increasingly prominent, and the basic role of agriculture has become increasingly apparent. We must more consciously strengthen the basic position of agriculture and continuously increase the intensity of policies to strengthen agriculture and benefit agriculture.

(1) Effectively increase investment in "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" in accordance with the requirements of coordinating urban and rural development. To strengthen the foundation of agriculture, we must guide the rational allocation of factor resources, promote the distribution of national income to tilt toward "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", and significantly increase investment in agriculture and rural areas. It is necessary to adhere to and implement the policy of industry supporting agriculture, cities supporting rural areas and giving more, taking less and letting go. We must insist on ensuring that the annual growth rate of total agricultural investment at all levels above the county level is higher than the growth rate of regular fiscal revenue. We must adhere to the national The focus of infrastructure construction and social undertakings development has shifted to rural areas.

In 2008, the increase in fiscal investment to support agriculture was significantly higher than the previous year, the increase in national fixed asset investment in rural areas was significantly higher than the previous year, and the increase in government land transfer revenue used for rural construction was significantly higher than the previous year. Year. The new revenue from farmland occupation tax will be mainly used for "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", focusing on strengthening farmland water conservancy, comprehensive agricultural development and rural infrastructure construction. Improve the urban maintenance and construction tax policy, and part of the urban maintenance and construction expenditures arranged in local budgets should be used for rural planning, infrastructure construction and maintenance. Since 2008, the state has newly arranged public welfare infrastructure projects such as risk relief and reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs and ecological construction in key counties in the national poverty alleviation and development work. The supporting facilities at and below the county level will be gradually reduced or canceled according to different circumstances. Strengthen agricultural input management and improve capital efficiency. Accelerate agricultural input legislation.

(2) Consolidate, improve and strengthen policies to strengthen and benefit agriculture. In accordance with the principles of being suitable for national conditions, taking a long-term perspective, gradually increasing, and improving mechanisms, we must adhere to and improve the agricultural subsidy system, and continuously strengthen support and protection for agriculture. Continue to increase direct subsidies to farmers, increase direct subsidies for grain, subsidies for improved seeds, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and comprehensive direct subsidies for agricultural supplies. Expand the scope of subsidies for improved varieties. Increase the types of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, raise subsidy standards, and cover agricultural machinery purchase subsidies to all agricultural counties. We should carefully summarize the experience and practices of various regions in carrying out policy-based agricultural insurance pilots, steadily expand the scope of pilots, and scientifically determine the types of subsidies. Comprehensively implement various supporting policies for grain, oilseeds, pig and dairy production, increase incentives and subsidies for major production counties, and gradually form a stable and standardized system. Based on the need to ensure the supply of agricultural products and mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers, we will conduct an overall study on subsidy policies for important agricultural products. Policies to strengthen agriculture and benefit agriculture should be tilted towards key production areas and towards improving production capacity. Continue to implement the minimum purchase price policy for key areas and key grain varieties.

(3) Form a positive interactive pattern of increasing agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers’ income. It is necessary to increase income through structural optimization, continue to do a good job in the layout planning and construction of advantageous areas of agricultural products, support the production of high-quality agricultural products and the development of characteristic agriculture, and promote the intensive processing of agricultural products. It is necessary to increase income by reducing costs, vigorously develop conservation agriculture, promote the resource utilization of straw and other by-products and domestic waste, and improve agricultural production efficiency. It is necessary to increase income through non-agricultural employment, improve the development level of township enterprises, household industries and rural tourism, enhance the vitality of county economic development, and improve the environment for migrant workers to find employment in cities and return to their hometowns to start businesses. It is necessary to increase income through policy support, increase efforts to benefit farmers, prevent farmers' burdens from rebounding, and reasonably regulate the prices of important agricultural products and agricultural production materials. We will further clarify the legal status of farmers' family property, protect farmers' right to income from collective property, and create conditions for more farmers to obtain property income.

(4) Explore and establish institutional mechanisms to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas. Focus on changing the backwardness of rural areas, accelerate the elimination of the urban-rural dual system, and strive to form a new pattern of integration of urban and rural development planning, industrial layout, infrastructure, public services, labor employment and social management. Improve the unified urban and rural production factor market, guide the flow of capital, technology, talent and other resources to agriculture and rural areas, and gradually realize the full and shared development of urban and rural infrastructure and the mutual promotion of industrial development. In accordance with the requirements of integrated urban and rural development, we will improve administrative agencies and functional settings at all levels, and gradually realize the overall management of urban and rural society and the equalization of basic public services.

2. Effectively guarantee the basic supply of major agricultural products

Ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products is an important material basis for promoting economic development and social stability. We must base ourselves on the development of domestic production, further promote the strategic adjustment of agricultural structure, and ensure the balance of total supply and demand, structural balance, and quality safety of agricultural products.

(1) Attaching great importance to the development of grain production. Effectively stabilize the grain sown area, optimize the variety structure, increase the yield level, and ensure the stable development of grain production. Actively develop rice production, expand dedicated wheat sowing area, and rationally guide corn consumption. Continue to implement various grain production projects. According to changes in the grain production and marketing pattern, we will further improve the grain risk fund policy, increase support for major grain producing areas, and improve the reward policy for major grain producing counties. Implement strategic grain projects and focus on building a number of core grain production areas with good basic conditions, high production levels and large transfer volumes; on the premise of protecting the ecology, start to develop a number of reserve grain production areas with advantageous resources and potential to increase production. . Expand the construction of basic grain fields in the western areas that have been abandoned for farmland. Implement the grain provincial governor responsibility system, and stabilize grain self-sufficiency in main sales areas and production and marketing balance areas. Support the development of policy insurance for major food crops.

Vigorously develop oil production, encourage advantageous areas to develop cotton and sugar production, and strive to improve quality and yield. Actively respond to global climate change and strengthen disaster prevention and reduction. Support agricultural reclamation enterprises in building large-scale grain and agricultural product production bases and give full play to their demonstration and leading role in the construction of modern agriculture.

(2) Effectively focus on the production of "vegetable basket" products. Continue to strengthen the mayor's responsibility system for the "vegetable basket" to ensure the stable development of the production of "vegetable basket" products. Actively promote the large-scale planting of vegetables and other horticultural products. Accelerate the transformation of livestock and poultry breeding methods, implement "rewards instead of subsidies" for large-scale breeding, implement land use policies for large-scale breeding, and continue to implement various subsidy policies for the livestock and poultry breeding industry. Improve the raw milk price formation mechanism and strictly implement the liquid milk labeling system. Promote healthy aquaculture, strengthen the conservation of aquatic biological resources, implement fishing bans and moratoriums, strengthen the construction of fishery safety infrastructure, and support the development of distant-water fisheries. Where conditions permit, facility agriculture and precision agriculture should be actively developed. Establish and improve policy-based insurance systems for pigs, dairy cows, etc.

(3) Strengthen agricultural standardization and agricultural product quality and safety. Accelerate the revision and formulation of agricultural standards. Continue to implement agricultural standardization demonstration projects and support leading enterprises, farmers' professional cooperative organizations, science and technology demonstration households, and large planting and breeding households to take the lead in implementing standardized production. Implement plans for the construction of a quality and safety inspection and testing system for agricultural products, carry out quality and safety monitoring and inspections in accordance with the law, and consolidate the results of special rectification of agricultural product quality and safety. We will thoroughly implement the action plan for pollution-free agricultural products, establish an agricultural product quality and safety risk assessment mechanism, and improve the agricultural product labeling and traceability system. We will strengthen the supervision of agricultural inputs and launch the demonstration project of "Reassured Agricultural Inputs Going to the Countryside and into the Villages". Actively develop green food and organic food, cultivate famous brand agricultural products, and strengthen the protection of geographical indications of agricultural products.

(4) Support the development of agricultural industrialization. Continue to implement actions to improve agricultural industrialization, cultivate and expand a group of leading enterprises with good growth potential and strong driving force, support cross-regional operations of leading enterprises, and promote the development of advantageous industrial clusters. The central and local finances should increase special funds for agricultural industrialization and support leading enterprises in technology research and development, energy conservation and emission reduction, and base construction. Explore methods such as establishing guarantee funds and guarantee companies to solve the financing difficulties of leading enterprises. Efforts should be made to study and improve agricultural product processing tax policies and promote the healthy development of intensive processing of agricultural products. Allow qualified leading companies to issue corporate bonds to the public. Leading enterprises should strengthen their social responsibilities and form a closer community of interests with farmers, so that farmers can share more in the results of industrialized operations. Improve the dynamic management mechanism of key leading enterprises at the national and provincial levels. Guide various market entities to participate in agricultural industrialization operations. Encourage farmers' professional cooperatives to set up agricultural product processing enterprises or participate in leading enterprises. Support the development of “one village, one product”.

(5) Strengthen and improve agricultural product market regulation. Adapt to changes in production methods, production and marketing patterns, and resource environments, and make coordinated use of two markets and two resources to ensure the supply and production development of domestic agricultural products. We should take into account the interests of producers and consumers and use economic leverage to guide agricultural product prices to maintain reasonable levels. Strengthen the construction of the reserve system for important agricultural products such as grain, improve the throughput adjustment mechanism, and guide enterprises to establish commercial reserves. We will promptly establish and improve the supply, demand and price monitoring and early warning system for important agricultural products. Encourage the export of superior agricultural products, promote the construction of a quality traceability system for exported agricultural products, and support the development of agricultural products export credit and credit insurance. Improve the import management of bulk agricultural products and the trade remedy early warning system. Explore and adopt effective means in line with international practices to regulate the import and export of agricultural products. Institutions stationed abroad, especially our embassies and consulates in major agricultural product trading countries, must strengthen international agricultural product market information services and agricultural cooperation and exchanges.

3. Focus on agricultural infrastructure construction

Strengthening agricultural infrastructure construction focusing on farmland water conservancy is an urgent task to strengthen the agricultural foundation. We must effectively increase investment, accelerate the pace of construction, strive to improve comprehensive agricultural production capabilities, and change the long-term weak situation of agricultural infrastructure as soon as possible.

(1) Pay close attention to the construction of small farmland water conservancy. We will speed up the preparation and improvement of county-level farmland water conservancy construction plans, and promote the construction and management of farmland water conservancy projects as a whole. Significantly increase the special funds for subsidies for the construction of small farmland water conservancy projects at the central and provincial levels, and include the reconstruction of the final canal system in large and medium-sized irrigation areas and the construction of small drainage facilities into the scope of subsidies. Focusing on the collection and utilization of rainwater, we will build small-scale drought-resistant water source projects in mountainous areas. Adopt incentives, subsidies and other forms to mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for building small farmland water conservancy projects.

Promote the reform of the property rights system of small farmland water conservancy projects, explore ways to reform the management system of non-commercial rural water conservancy projects, and clarify the construction entities and management and maintenance responsibilities. Support the development of farmers' water cooperative organizations and improve service capabilities.

(2) Vigorously develop water-saving irrigation. Continue to regard water-saving renovation of large-scale irrigation areas as the focus of agricultural fixed asset investment, and strive to basically complete the tasks of continued construction of supporting facilities and water-saving renovation of large-scale irrigation areas by 2020. Comprehensive agricultural development requires increasing investment in key projects in medium-sized irrigation areas and in field water-saving improvements in large and medium-sized irrigation areas. Carry out water-saving irrigation demonstrations and guide farmers to actively adopt water-saving equipment and technologies. Expand the scale and scope of technical renovation of large-scale irrigation and drainage pumping stations, and implement control of key waterlogging areas. Provide preferential treatment for agricultural irrigation and drainage electricity.

(3) Promptly implement the elimination and reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs. Significantly increase the investment in risk elimination and reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs, improve the responsibility system, and speed up the completion of the task of eliminating danger and strengthening large and medium-sized and key small dangerous reservoirs. All localities should speed up the preparation of small and medium-sized river management plans in key areas, increase investment in construction, and provide appropriate subsidies to the central and western regions. Guide local areas to carry out dredging of rivers. Deepen the reform of the water conservancy project management system and further implement the reservoir area immigration policy. Accelerate the construction of small and medium-sized water source projects in southwest China. Expand the implementation of pilot projects to prevent and control flash flood disasters, and strengthen the prevention and control of geological disasters.

(4) Strengthen farmland protection and soil improvement. Strictly implement the overall land use plan and annual plan, fully implement the cultivated land protection responsibility system, establish and improve the coordination mechanism for investigating and handling cases of land violations, and effectively control the occupation of cultivated land and forest land for construction. Land transfer revenue should be used for rural investment, focusing on supporting basic farmland consolidation, disaster-damaged reclamation and cultivated land quality improvement. Continue to increase investment and intensify efforts to transform low- and medium-yield fields. Accelerate the implementation of fertile soil projects and expand the scale of soil testing and formulated fertilization. Support farmers to return straw to their fields, plant green manure, and apply more organic fertilizer. Accelerate the implementation of dry farming demonstration projects and build a number of dry farming water-saving demonstration areas.

(5) Accelerate agricultural mechanization. Promoting agricultural mechanization is an urgent need to transform agricultural production methods, and also provides an important opportunity for revitalizing the agricultural machinery industry. Accelerate the mechanization of the entire production process of food crops and steadily develop the mechanization of cash crops and breeding industries. Strengthen the research and development of advanced applicable agricultural machinery that is urgently needed for production, focusing on accelerating its promotion and application in major grain-producing areas, southern hilly areas and schistosomiasis-infected areas. Improve the preferential tax and fee policies for agricultural mechanization, implement tax reduction and exemption for agricultural machinery operation services, exempt road maintenance fees for tractors engaged in field operations, and continue to implement the free passage policy for agricultural machinery operating across regions. Conservation tillage projects continue. Support the development of large agricultural machinery households, agricultural machinery cooperatives and agricultural machinery professional service companies. Strengthen agricultural machinery safety supervision.

(6) Continue to strengthen ecological construction. In-depth implementation of key ecological projects such as natural forest protection and returning farmland to forests. Establish and improve the ecological benefit compensation system for forests, grasslands and soil and water conservation, raise compensation funds through multiple channels, and enhance ecological functions. Continue to promote comprehensive development in mountainous areas and promote the development of the forestry industry. Implement the grass-livestock balance system, promote the return of grazing land to grassland, develop water conservancy in pastoral areas, and build artificial pastures. Strengthen the construction of forest and grassland fire monitoring and early warning systems and fire prevention infrastructure. Continue to do a good job in soil and water conservation in key river basins and regions such as the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and black soil areas in Northeast China. We will strengthen the control of desertification and rocky desertification, intensify the construction of slope conversion projects, loess plateau check dams, and southern collapse control projects, strengthen wetland protection, and promote ecological self-repair. Strengthen rural energy conservation and emission reduction work, encourage the development of circular agriculture, and promote the research and development of biomass energy using non-grain and oil crops as the main raw materials. We will increase efforts to prevent and control agricultural non-point source pollution, promptly formulate plans, effectively increase investment, implement governance responsibilities, and accelerate the pace of governance in key areas.

4. Efforts to strengthen the basic support of agricultural science and technology and service systems

Strengthening the construction of agricultural science and technology and service systems is an objective need to accelerate the development of modern agriculture. It is necessary to promote new breakthroughs in agricultural scientific and technological innovation, new steps in agricultural social services, and new improvements in agricultural quality, efficiency and competitiveness.

(1) Accelerate the research, development, promotion and application of agricultural science and technology. We will effectively increase investment in agricultural scientific research, focus on supporting public welfare agricultural scientific research institutions and universities to carry out basic and cutting-edge research, and strengthen the integrated supporting facilities for advanced practical technologies. Strengthen the close integration of industry, academia and research, and promote agricultural science and technology innovation activities. Promote the construction of modern agricultural industry technology systems and enhance agricultural regional innovation capabilities. Launch a major scientific and technological project to cultivate new varieties of genetically modified organisms, and accelerate the implementation of seed projects and improved livestock, poultry and aquatic product breed projects. Continue to arrange funds for the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements.

We will further implement the project of bringing science and technology to households, increase support for the promotion of major technologies, and continue to explore effective mechanisms and methods for bringing agricultural science and technology achievements to villages and households. We should effectively strengthen public welfare agricultural technology extension services. For various public welfare services that must be ensured by national policies, we must promptly improve relevant institutions and teams and ensure necessary funds. Through 3 to 5 years of construction, we will strive to equip grassroots public welfare agricultural technology extension agencies with necessary office space, instruments and equipment, and test demonstration bases. The state can mobilize various forces to participate in agricultural technology promotion through entrustment, bidding and other forms to form a diversified agricultural technology promotion network. Give full play to the function and role of meteorology in serving agricultural production.

(2) Establish and improve the prevention and control system of animal and plant diseases. Accelerate the construction of an animal disease prevention and control system with sound networks, stable teams, strong support, and efficient handling. We should promptly implement the official veterinarian and licensed veterinarian systems, continue to increase investment in the construction of the animal epidemic prevention system, and expand the scope of construction of areas without prescribed animal epidemic diseases. Implement free compulsory immunization against major animal diseases, and improve the compensation mechanism for culling major animal diseases. Accelerate the development of efficient and safe pesticides and veterinary drugs. Strengthen the basic work of animal epidemic prevention and control, improve the team of village-level animal epidemic prevention personnel, and provide necessary financial subsidies. Continue to implement plant protection projects, explore the establishment of professional prevention and control teams, and promote unified control of major plant diseases and insect pests.

(3) Vigorously cultivate practical talents in rural areas. Organize and implement the new rural practical talent training project, focusing on training experts in the breeding industry, scientific and technological leaders, rural brokers and leaders of professional cooperative organizations. Accelerate the improvement of farmers' quality and entrepreneurial ability, use entrepreneurship to create employment, and realize entrepreneurship to enrich the people and innovation to strengthen agriculture. Continue to increase vocational skills training for migrant farmers. Accelerate the construction of county-level rural vocational education and training networks and develop urban-rural integrated secondary vocational education. Support colleges and universities to establish and strengthen agriculture, forestry and water majors. National motivational scholarships and grants are given to students majoring in agriculture, forestry and water in colleges and universities. For graduates who have worked in agriculture, forestry and water at the grassroots level in rural areas for a certain number of years after graduation, the national student loan reimbursement policy will be implemented, and secondary vocational education will be implemented. The scholarship policy gives preference to students majoring in agriculture, forestry and water.

(4) Actively develop farmers’ professional cooperatives and rural service organizations. Comprehensively implement the Farmers' Professional Cooperatives Law, promptly promulgate supporting regulations and policies, formulate tax preferential measures as soon as possible, and eliminate unreasonable charges. All levels of finance must continue to increase support for farmers' professional cooperatives, and farmers' professional cooperatives can apply to undertake relevant national agriculture-related projects. Support the development of agricultural production and operation service organizations to provide farmers with services such as farming, water management, warehousing and transportation. The development of comprehensive rural service organizations is encouraged, and rural community service centers and public welfare service stations that are convenient and beneficial to the people can be established in places where conditions permit.

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