Rhetorical devices of quotation in ancient Chinese

One. quoted passage

Quotations include: introduction, quotation and quotation.

The introduction refers to proverbs, aphorisms, aphorisms and ballads that are not found in books to strengthen the persuasiveness of the article.

There is a saying in the state of Chu: "Keeping a promise in one season is worth a hundred gold." (Biography of Historical Records and Ji Bu)

Quoting is quoting historical stories when writing.

Ex.: In the past, Confucius lived in harmony with Yongqu. Shang Yang was stunned and Zhao Liang was chilling; The same son also took part in the cycling, and Si Yuan changed his face: I have been ashamed of it since ancient times. (Sima Qian's Letter to Ren An)-Three Historical Stories

Citation refers to the words in the book.

Secondly, metaphor

It is equivalent to metaphor in the modern sense, and there are similes and metaphors.

Similes often use words such as Ru, Pi You, Pi Zhi, You, Ru and Ruo.

This is easy to understand, so I won't give an example.

Third, agency.

This means that authors often use words that have some internal relationship with things as titles, instead of using the inherent names of things.

Three common pronouns:

1. Use the attributes and characteristics of things to refer to it.

Example: Because fat and sweetness (delicious food) are not enough for your mouth? Isn't light and warmth (aristocratic clothes) enough for body and body? ("Mencius Qi Huan Jinwen Shi Zhi")

2. Replace special names with common names.

Example: Good at the wealth of mountains and seas (products of mountains and seas) (Prince Plaza, Galand, Luoyang)

3. Use the special name pan-generation name.

Example: Ya (generally referring to poems with excellent traditions) has not been written for a long time, but who will fail me? (Li Bai's "Antique")

Pay attention to the difference between general reference and metaphor.

Fourth, parallel mention.

Refers to juxtaposing two related things in one sentence.

Exodus: Clever Eyes and Ears. (Biography of Hua Tuo in the Later Han Dynasty)

In fact, you are alert and your eyes are clear.

Five. Intertextuality

Also known as "intertextuality" or "mutual understanding" for short. Its characteristic is that contextual meanings echo each other and complement each other.

Example: all kinds of pines and cypresses, and all kinds of phoenix trees. ("Jiao Zhongqing's wife/peacock flies southeast")

In fact, conifers and phoenix trees are planted in four directions, east, west, north and south, not in the east and west, but in the left and right.

Exaggeration of intransitive verbs

It is equivalent to the current exaggeration.

Like Three thousands of feet with White Hair, I won't give specific examples.

VII. Inversion

Different from the "inverted sentence" in classical Chinese syntax, it is not worthy of recognition and is not mentioned.

Eight, euphemism

Don't tell the truth, deliberately put words tactfully. Avoid vulgarity, taboos, offenses, etc.

Examples: convenience (defecation), landslide (death of the emperor), etc.

I hope it helps you.