How to raise plum blossom bonsai (maintenance and management of plum blossom bonsai)

Red plum is a kind of plum blossom, and it is a small deciduous tree of Prunus in Rosaceae. Hongmei blooms in winter and spring. It is called Primula Angel and stands alone in front of hundreds of flowers. In gardens, green spaces, gardens and scenic spots, red plums can be planted alone, in clusters, in groups, etc. It can also be cultivated naturally in front of houses, on slopes, among rocks and on roadsides. Red plums can also be potted for viewing.

Plum blossoms are native to the south of the Yangtze River. They like warm climate and have certain cold tolerance. Flowering period is very sensitive to climate change. When the temperature is below 0℃ in early spring, they can still bloom. Plum blossoms like high air humidity, but avoid heavy rain during flowering. Plum blossoms grow well in areas with annual rainfall of 1000mm or more, and the requirements for soil are not strict, so they are relatively barren. It can also grow normally in mild alkaline soil. According to the experience of Jiangnan area, when planted in gravelly clay and gravelly loam, plum blossoms have full branches and strong flowers. Positive tree species, like sunshine and good ventilation. It is a long-lived tree species. How to prune and maintain potted red plum?

First, the propagation method of plum blossom: the propagation of plum blossom usually adopts sowing, cutting, grafting, layering and other methods, mainly grafting.

1. Grafting propagation: plum blossom, plum blossom, plum blossom, plum blossom, plum blossom, plum blossom and plum blossom can be used as grafting methods, such as cutting, splitting, wooden tongue grafting, skin grafting, butt joint, square bud grafting, sleeve bud grafting and T-bud grafting.

2. Cutting propagation: after defoliation in autumn, hardwood cutting is carried out, and the annual lignified branches are cut to 8- 10 cm long and inserted into the prepared seedbed, and the cutting depth is two-thirds of the cutting length. Spraying water after transplanting, strengthening maintenance, keeping the seedbed moist, the survival rate is very high. In order to accelerate the rooting of plum cuttings and increase the number of rooting, plant growth hormone can be used to treat plum cuttings during cutting, which has obvious effect on promoting rooting. Commonly used growth hormones, such as indolebutyric acid, indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-D, rooting powder, etc. All of them have a good effect on promoting plum blossom to take root. For example, old branches were treated with 50- 100 ppm indolebutyric acid, and young branches were treated with 5-225 ppm indolebutyric acid as green branches. Old branches and young branches, bundle the branches and soak them in liquid medicine 12-24 hours. Dipping 1000ppm of 2,4-d powder into the cut of cuttings also has a significant effect on promoting rooting. However, 0. 1-0.5% potassium permanganate soaking the branch base 10-24 hours can also sterilize and take root.

3. Stratified propagation: The stratified propagation of plum can be divided into low-pressure propagation and high-pressure propagation, and the stratified propagation is carried out in May-June or the middle and late June of 10. Low-pressure propagation refers to selecting branches close to the ground, selecting stout branches of 2-3 years old with a length of 25-30 cm, adopting low-pressure propagation, girdling a 65,438+0 cm incision with a knife (the position of the incision is better when the branches are pressed into the soil), partially burying the incision in the soil and fixing it, and pressing it with stones to prevent the branches from swinging upwards. During the planting season, open the soil and observe. As long as you pay attention to good maintenance, you can take root in about 20 days, and you can cut it off from the mother plant and plant it alone in two months.

Plum blossoms are shrubs with few branches near the ground. In addition to making full use of the low pressure of branches near the ground, high pressure propagation is usually used. The method is to select 2-4-year-old branches that grow vigorously on the crown, peel off half to two-thirds of the cortex at a distance of 20-30 cm from the base branch by girdling, and then mix some high-quality surface fertilizers such as compound fertilizer with fertilizers, wrap them around the wound in a ball shape, and wrap them with plastic film to keep them moist. High pressure time is usually carried out in February-March in early spring. From August to September, it can be seen that after the white roots grow through the plastic film, the battens will be sawed off 3-5 cm below the batten ball, and the removed battens must be put in immediately.

4. Seed propagation: The method of seed propagation is not commonly used, because the growth speed of seedlings is relatively slow, and flowering is also very late. Plum blossoms can be sown in spring and autumn. Generally speaking, plum fruit ripens in June-July. After the fruit changes color, it needs to be harvested in time, and its seeds should be harvested, then washed and dried. If you choose to sow in spring, you should first dry the collected seeds and save them with wet sand, and then take them out for early sowing in early spring. If you sow in autumn and summer in June and July, harvest its seeds, then wash and dry them. Sow seeds in the soil in autumn, and then cover the seeds with very fine soil, so that they will germinate and emerge in the next spring. When the seedlings grow to about10-15cm, they can be transplanted.

Second, the preparation of potted soil of red plum: Potting is usually used to grow red plum at home. It is very important to prepare soil for potted plants. The flowerpot is a special small environment, and no matter what kind of soil is used alone, it can't meet the needs of red plum in all aspects of soil. Therefore, potted red plum must be artificially prepared to replace soil to fix flowers in flowerpots, and must have certain water retention and drainage, and be loose and fertile. Before use, it is best to sterilize the prepared culture soil at high temperature (frying or steaming in an iron pan), or expose it to the sun for disinfection.

3. Potting: First, put broken tiles on the bottom of the flowerpot, then put some decomposed cake fertilizers, broken bones, fish bones and chicken feathers, and then fill in the culture soil, each cluster must have 2-3 plants, and keep the root system; When planting, the long lateral roots, injured roots and redundant fibrous roots are cut off, slightly trimmed, and the upper branches are trimmed and shaped at one time. Pay attention to the extension of root system during cultivation, fill the soil to half of the flowerpot, gently lift and shake the red plum plants, and compact the culture soil. Don't plant it too deep, just keep the roots and the mouth of the flowerpot flat. Shallow affects the survival, deep affects the growth of red plum after transplanting, and water it once after planting. Newly planted plants should avoid being exposed to strong light for a long time, because their roots are not well developed. After the pot is put on, water should be poured twice continuously. After cultivation, it should be cultivated in a cool environment for about a week, and then moved to a sunny place for maintenance after the root system is restored.

4. Pruning: Red plums have strong germination ability and are easy to sprout long branches. Usually, we should pay attention to shaping and pruning, promote the germination of lateral branches, maintain a good tree shape and promote the formation of flower buds. Pruning is usually carried out after flowering to form flower buds of red plums on the new branches of that year. In order to increase the amount of flowers, pruning can be used to make more branches. Pruning potted red berries is more important than planting them on the ground, and both thinning and pruning should be paid attention to. Prune the flowering main branches and side branches properly, and then leave the side branches on the main branches with 2-3 buds and cut them short. Can be combined with changing pots for heavy cutting, cutting off most branches, and cutting off some diseased branches and weak branches at the same time; Replant, cultivate the soil and water it.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) daily management

1. Watering management: Hongmei is afraid of waterlogging. Excessive water will damage the root system and cause defoliation, which will affect the pregnancy and flowering of flower buds. Watering should follow the principle of combining dry and wet according to the season. Water more in dry and hot season, and control water in low temperature and rainy days. Water is usually done every afternoon in summer. Put down the flowerpot in rainy days and remove the accumulated water in the flowerpot in time. Water should be reduced after autumn and during flowering and leaf exhibition.

2. Fertilization management: In addition to applying base fertilizer and changing pots in spring, red plum is usually applied with decomposed liquid fertilizer every two weeks during the summer growth period to promote vigorous plant growth and dark green leaves. In autumn, nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped and a small amount of effective phosphorus fertilizer should be supplemented to control plant growth and promote flower bud differentiation.

3. Sparse buds before flowering.

4. Change pots once a year after flowering in spring.