All Jian 'ou Customs

It has been more than 300 years since Zheng Chenggong, a national hero in the late Ming Dynasty, welcomed the Tang King into Fujian, recruited troops to fight against the Qing Dynasty and crossed the Taiwan Province Strait to recover Taiwan Province Province. According to legend, at that time, most of the young and middle-aged people on the suburban mainland of Jian 'ou (formerly known as Jianningfu) were recruited into the army. On the 24th of the first month, some soldiers returned safely, and the mainland people rejoiced. They hold banquets and perform operas for several days, which is called "receiving Long Mai". The soldiers waved the national flag they brought back from rehearsal in memory of their brothers who died heroically. Since then, every year on the 24th day of the first month, people on the continent have to decorate and dance flagpoles with gongs and drums, which has gradually evolved into a unique flag-raising custom among Jian 'ou people. At present, Jian 'ou carries the banner, which is mainly composed of thrilling actions such as dancing the east wind, carrying the south sky pine, kicking the west column, biting the North Sea Tower, raising the military order of China with the elbow, dusting the sun, the moon and the stars, holding a stick with the nose, holding a hundred banners in the mouth and holding the sky above the head. Generally, a person will straighten the paddle and stand on the toes of the performer. Then, the performer will hold his breath, gently stir his heel, and the long paddle will fall calmly on his shoulder or arm. In the sonorous sound of gongs and drums, performers sometimes shoulder, sometimes kick, sometimes head, sometimes bite, and sometimes even use nose pads. When the performance comes, you fight for it, and the flag flies, but it can stand still. In the atmosphere of flying banners and tinkling bells, it is fascinating and shocking. Jian 'ou lath has its own unique style in historical connotation and lath modeling. It is required to select a stout bamboo with a length of 10 meter, cut off branches and leaves, dry it, paint it with vermilion paint, draw various auspicious patterns, and tie colored lights on the top of the bamboo. Under the lantern, there is a hexagonal pagoda made of bamboo bones and colored silk, surrounded by several small copper bells, and a long treasure hunt banner is hung on the pole at the bottom of the tower, and the banner is still on it. On April 6th, 1996, kiness headquarters of Shanghai World praised Jian 'ou lath as "the best in the world and unique". 1On April 8th, 998, Jian 'ou switchboard was officially awarded the certificate of "Best in the World" by Shanghai Great World kiness Headquarters, which was listed in the complete book of kiness. Nowadays, Jian 'ou team is often invited to perform in other counties, cities and provinces during major festivals and activities. CCTV, Shanghai TV, Zhejiang Satellite TV Guinness, Fujian TV, Scola TV, Taiwan Province Begonia Style film crew, china national radio, China Radio International, Xinhua News Agency, American Overseas Chinese News, Singapore United Evening News, People's Daily (overseas edition), China Daily (English edition), China Old Annual Report, China Youth. In autumn, Fuzhou Hot Spring Park is dressed in festive costumes. In the warm sunshine, accompanied by the sonorous sound of gongs and drums, I saw a group of men, women and children wearing national costumes performing wonderful programs. Some of them have long poles on their heads, some kick with their shoulders, and some put their noses to their teeth. They are all very skilled and have extraordinary skills. When the performance was in full swing, you fought for a pole, and the pole waved flags and shouted, fluttering in the wind, which was fascinating and amazing. Especially an old man, holding a long pole with a length of 10 m and a weight of 20 kg, danced up and down easily. There is a book hanging on a pole, under the banner of "China is the best in the world", hunting and dancing, with extraordinary style. During the interval between performances, the author visited the old man, only to know that he is a famous traditional folk artist in Jian 'ou, our province-an old artist named Chen Quancheng, a descendant of the spoon. The art of carrying flags began to spread among the people in Jian 'ou hundreds of years ago. According to legend, Zheng Chenggong, a national hero in the late Ming Dynasty, fought against the Qing Dynasty and regained his sight, and crossed the Strait to recover Taiwan Province Province. At that time, most of the young and middle-aged people in Dazhou village on the outskirts of Jian 'ou were enlisted in the army. After the recovery of Taiwan Province Province, on the 24th day of the first lunar month, some soldiers triumphed, and all the men, women and children in the village rejoiced and rushed to tell on each other. Every household held a banquet, and the village also arranged an opera to celebrate. At that time, the soldiers put the national flag they brought back on a long pole and waved it heartily in memory of their brothers who died heroically. Since then, on the 24th day of the first month, people on the mainland will beat gongs and drums, decorate flagpoles and dance to celebrate and commemorate. With the passage of time, it gradually faded into the unique flag-carrying folk custom in Jian 'ou today. Jian 'ou gourd ladle not only has its historical connotation, but also has its own style in the production process. As far as modeling is concerned, the flag of Jian 'ou requires a straight bamboo with a length of about 10 meter, which is cut dry, painted with vermilion paint and painted with various auspicious patterns. Colored lights are tied to the top of the pole. There is a hexagonal pagoda made of bamboo bones and colored silk under the colored lights, and several small copper bells are hung around it. There is a cotton banner beside the telephone pole at the bottom of the tower, embroidered with praise words. After identification, the longest banner is10.2m, weighing 20.6kg. Now, under the leadership of Chen Lao, a successor of modern ladle, Jian 'ou ladle has developed continuously on the basis of retaining traditional skills, forming a set of colorful and novel new routines, such as: dancing the east wind, relaxing the sky on the shoulder, holding military orders on the elbow, and so on. 1996 65438+ 10, the spoon performance team led by Chen Lao participated in the performance of "The Best in the World" by Shanghai TV Station and was awarded the honor of "The Best in the World". Nowadays, Jian 'ou's gourd ladle art has penetrated into urban and rural areas and schools, trained a large number of descendants through training, and developed various forms of performance teams such as young and middle-aged, elderly, women and children. This wonderful art garden, which is rooted in the land of northern Fujian, is constantly taking root and sprouting in the folk soil, with flowers like flowers. Between the mountains in northern Fujian surrounded by green trees and bamboo, there is an ancient and beautiful place. Jian 'ou City, Fujian Province, was awarded the honorary title of "China Bamboo Township" by the Ministry of Forestry. Here are rich mountains and rivers, beautiful scenery, lush trees and rich products. It not only has a long history and outstanding people, but also has a rich and colorful cultural landscape. Jian 'ou Tune Class, a unique folk tradition rooted in this red land in the mountainous area of northern Fujian, is one of the dazzling artistic wonders. Jian 'ou began more than 340 years ago. It is said that the national hero at that time welcomed the long emperor Zhu to Fujian in the late Ming Dynasty, organized an army to fight against Fuming, and prepared to send troops to recover Taiwan Province Province. The mainland shipyard located in the suburb of Jian 'ou has been enlisted to follow Zheng Chenggong. After the battle to recover Taiwan Province Province, the returning soldiers successfully hung the flag high on the bamboo pole at the head of the village to show their memory of their fallen brothers and express their determination to fight against the Qing Dynasty. On the 24th day of the first month, the Qing soldiers went into the village to cut down flagpoles and tear up battle flags, but the shipbuilders on the mainland were not afraid. Later, they hung the flag and held it in a competition. One by one, people lowered their flags. After that, on the 24th day of the first month, people on the mainland will beat gongs and drums and dance with flagpoles decorated with big bamboo. With the passage of time, it gradually evolved into a "spoon-digging" activity. People from all continents who have lived in Zhuxiang for generations regard this day as New Year's Eve, which is more lively than the first day of the first month. In the "flag-picking" activity, people express their belief in serving the country and commemorate the heroic feats of their ancestors, which means "picking up Long Mai", meaning that the strong men returning from the expedition will carry on the family line and leave a shadow for future generations. Later, it gradually developed into one of the indispensable activities of going out for a walk on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month and the Dongyue Temple Fair on March 27th. Nowadays, in Jian 'ou, every holiday or major celebration, we have to give a performance. Jian 'ou Zan was once called Jian 'ou Zan, Jian 'zhou Zan and Jian 'ning Zan, or Jian 'ou Zan for short. The architecture of the flag bearer is divided into "long", "heavy", "strong" and "rigid", which is different from the "Central Plains flag bearer" in Beijing, Hebei and Henan. 1998 Jian' ou made a banner weighing 20.5 kg, which was listed as the largest in kiness. As far as modeling is concerned, banner * * * consists of six parts: banner hoop, banner pole, banner width, banner top, banner bucket and banner flag. Generally, it consists of two strong and straight bamboos with waist diameter as large as a thick porcelain bowl. Because bamboo is light and has good corrosion resistance. Cut off branches and leaves and "bamboo green" epidermis, hollow out bamboo joints, dry them, bake them directly with fire, polish them with sandpaper, and finally paint them. The length of the paddle used to be about 10 meter, but now it has developed into various heights suitable for different groups to play.

At the top of the banner, the main body was originally a banner, and later it evolved into a three-layer hexagonal platform made of bamboo chips and colored silk. Flowers and birds and animals were painted around the platform, and gems were embedded in the roof eaves (now changed to colored small lights). Now a round coat has been added. No matter what shape the flag roof is, it can be folded and collected now, which is convenient for foreign performances. Banners are made of silk or satin several meters long and hung on the banners along the top. Sew a belt on the left and right sides of the bottom of the banner and tie it to the banner. You can post auspicious slogans with different contents on the banner according to your needs.

The iron ring at the bottom of the building is in direct contact with the performer's mouth, feet, hands and other parts and is made of soft cloth; Buckets are located above the top of the bucket, generally two, which play a decorative role; On the roof is a banner, which was first made of two pieces of paper with wings, and later changed into a rectangular flag. In order to reduce resistance, pennants are now used. Jian 'ou's flag-carrying performance requires both strength and skill, both rigidity and flexibility, as well as dynamic and static combination. Its main routines are "Dancing the East Wind", "Shouldering the South Sky", "Kicking the West Column", "Biting the North Sea Tower with your teeth", "Holding the military order with your elbow", "Shaking the sun, the moon and the stars around your waist", "Holding the flag in your mouth" and "Holding the flag with your head up". Then, the performer will hold his breath, gently stir his heel, and the long paddle will fall calmly on his shoulder or arm. Then, with the earth-shattering sound of gongs and drums, the performers danced with their hands in turn, and then threw the long banner from the right elbow to the left elbow, and then from the left elbow to the right palm, and went back and forth freely; After a while, I threw it from my chest over my head and landed on my back, followed by a hand, firmly; After a while, the performer looked at the top of the banner, and his steps moved slightly with the tilt angle of the banner, making sure that the banner stood on the top of his head all the time, trying to tilt but not falling down. Performers sometimes shoulder, sometimes kick, sometimes head, sometimes bite, and sometimes even use nose pads. At the beginning of the performance, dozens of men, women and children went into battle together, killing each other, advancing, retreating and throwing. I saw dozens of colorful streamers flying up and down at the same time, hovering left and right, but they could make their long streamers stand firmly. When the dance is intense, the long banners rotate like a canopy, the wind whistles and the bells jingle, which is shocking. Therefore, Jian 'ou is called "Chinese stunt". As a unique folk art in the mountainous area of northern Fujian, Jian 'ou woodcut, like many other folk arts, is not the personal work of one or several artists, but the cultural wealth handed down from generation to generation by ordinary people, and is the crystallization of folk customs and collective wisdom. According to Lu Qinyuan, the 60-year-old former Party branch secretary of Jian 'ou Shipyard, the ladle of Jian 'ou Shipyard was passed down and carried forward by the workers of Jian 'ou Dazhou Shipyard. In the 1970s, Jian 'ou Shipyard was in full swing. At that time, Deng Runxiang, the old factory director, and Wu He, the chairman of the factory trade union, and other old shipbuilders were influenced by their ancestors when they were young, and they had a special liking for scooping water, and their performance skills had reached a considerable level. Under their influence, a group of 17-and 18-year-old young men and women fell in love with Piao and organized the first Piao team in Jian 'ou history at the shipyard, with more than 20 men, women and children. By 1980s, the number of dredgers in shipyards had increased to more than 30. After entering the 1990s, due to the dismounting of Jian 'ou Shipyard, the shipyard digging fleet, which has been active for more than 20 years, was dissolved. Later, some of these new generation successors in Jian 'ou were transferred to Jianzhou Art Troupe, and some joined Laolaile Art Troupe, becoming the backbone of folk art societies. According to Wan, head of Jian 'ou Cultural and Art Troupe, from the heyday of the shipyard to the activity of folk art groups, Jian 'ou Fishing is full of vitality after a relatively depressed period. In recent years, due to the participation of several backbones of Jian 'ou Shipyard, the reputation of Jianzhou Art Troupe is growing, especially the performance skills and difficulty of scoop are greatly increased. In the past, there were only a few simple movements, and there were no tricks. Now it has increased to dozens. In the past, performers fell down after only a few spoonfuls. Now they can perform for several minutes in a row and perform in groups. The improvement of scooping skill further improves its ornamental value. In recent years, children's shoveling came into being in Jian 'ou, and a children's shoveling team was established in Shan Zhi Central Primary School in Jian 'ou. Jian 'ou Piao not only has a new generation of successors, but also has formed a strong lineup of men, women and children. At first, the picket in Jian 'ou was limited to street performances, temple fairs, celebrations and other activities, which was arbitrary and difficult to be elegant. For this unique art with a deep mass base, how to enhance its artistic charm has aroused the thinking of relevant people. In May 2000, Fujian Folk Artists Association Jian 'ou Creative Life Base was established and listed. China Folk Artists Association, Fujian Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Fujian Folk Artists Association and other related experts have visited Jian 'ou many times to guide the work. Jian 'ou City seized this great opportunity to strike while the iron is hot. Allocate special funds in the market, organize relevant personnel to create accompaniment music suitable for the banner performance according to the folk characteristics and local music of Jian 'ou, and invite the director of Fujian Song and Dance Troupe to organically combine all the actions and music in the banner performance. After half a year's hard rehearsal, I finally compiled a relatively complete flag-raising program "Celebration" suitable for stage performance. Celebration is a program with the historical background of the triumphant return of shipbuilders welcomed by the mainland people, and vividly reproduces the "celebration" scene of Jian 'ou folk customs through the art of celebration. This program is actually a rediscovery and art packaging of Jian 'ou ancient folk art. Besides paying attention to Jian 'ou's unique style, it also pays special attention to the application of some traditional folk arts and local music in Jian 'ou. In the program, men, women and children perform on the same stage with their own characteristics: men are bold and unrestrained, women are both rigid and soft, the elderly are calm and atmospheric, and children are lively and light. The performance of the program is both hard and soft, and it is full of sound and emotion. At the 5th China Folk Art Festival held in Jingmen, Hubei Province on May 38+010, 2006, Tongqing, a banner of Jian 'ou, was selected as a participating program in Fujian Province. With its unique, novel, difficult and thrilling performance, it stood out from more than 30 participating programs in China and won the gold medal in one fell swoop, which was highly praised by people. At the opening ceremony of this year's art festival, Jian 'ou stirred up applause in the performance links such as entering the venue, stepping on the street and reporting the performance. Jian 'ou Office won the gold medal on its first trip to the whole country. This is not only the only national award won by northern Fujian art circle in recent years, but also the highest honor won by Fujian Province in the national art competition. It marks that Jian 'ou's class adjustment has realized the folk unique skill of street performers and made a leap to the fine folk art of "elegant hall". Since then, Jian 'ou Banner has gained great fame. Invitations, letters and telephone calls followed, and the specifications and tastes of banner performances became higher and higher. In recent years, Jian 'ou has been invited to perform in other places for more than 50 times. Everywhere, every performance will leave a good aftertaste for people with its novel and unique charm. It is known as "a must in China", and is widely known through news media such as TV and newspapers, and broadcast to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and Southeast Asia. During the "May Day" in 2003, the reporter watched the rehearsal of several female artists who were going to participate in the national women's fitness competition at a venue in the teahouse of Jianou West Street. In the morning in the mountainous area of northern Fujian in May, although it was still chilly, it was all sweaty. Women's scooping water has both the strong and powerful side of men and the soft characteristics, combining rigidity and softness. I saw them biting a long banner weighing twenty or thirty pounds with their teeth, standing for a long time, with light steps, and performing various routines of scooping water very skillfully. Among them, the action of "female worshipping Guanyin" is difficult, and it requires a deep foundation when performing. These women who are rehearsing are the best women in Jian 'ou at present. Among them, 43-year-old Xu Ruiyu is the best. She can perform for several minutes in a row, with many tricks and high skills, and some actions are worse than those of men. The reporter interviewed Xu Ruiyu during the internship. Xu Ruiyu said: "More than 20 years ago, she was only 17 years old when she entered the factory as a worker. With the encouragement and support of her father and some old shipyard workers, she took the lead in practicing scooping. From then on, she liked this folk stunt. After years of intense heat and cold, I finally got a "Kung Fu". He Xu was also the first group of women in Jian 'ou City to take part in scooping activities. They all had scooping careers for more than 20 years. From June, 5438 to February, 2002, Jian 'ou women's volleyball team, composed of three women, participated in the special competition of the first Bamin women's fitness competition in Fujian Province and won the "special prize" trophy, which left a deep impression on people. When it was learned that the All-China Women's Federation and the State Sports General Administration would jointly hold the National Women's Fitness Competition in 2003, the Fujian Women's Federation took the lead in promoting Jian 'ou women's ladle to represent Fujian, and three sisters, including Teresa Teng and Xu, accepted this glorious and arduous task. In recent years, with the attention of governments at all levels and relevant departments and the joint efforts of porters, the performance skills of porters in Jian 'ou are getting higher and higher, and they are more popular with the people.

Faced with broad prospects, flag-raising artists in Jian 'ou have more concrete dreams, hoping to win the highest honor of China folk art-"Mountain Flower Award". It is reported that the "Mountain Flower Award" in China is selected once every five years, and 2004 is the year to hold the "Mountain Flower Award" competition. In this regard, a group of folk artists Jian 'ou, who love to pick banners, are full of confidence and look forward to carving Jian 'ou's banners on the trophy of "Mountain Flower Award", which is famous all over the world and passed down from generation to generation.

"Walking on the rice screen and carrying the bride": This is a unique wedding custom in Dikou Town. Before becoming a monk, the bride put on her wedding dress, sat in front of the boudoir bed, and landed on her feet. At the wedding, the bride's mother-in-law or middle-aged man carries the bride to the class, sits on a stool, puts a rice sieve under her feet, eats noodles, freshens up, and then the bride steps on the two rice sieves in turn and walks out of the house. Then the mother-in-law or the man carried it to the man, and now it is carried by the car. It means that even if you get married, don't take away your mother's soil. Say no turning back, I hope it is best after marriage, and I will not be abandoned by my husband's family. Stilts: that is, walking on stilts. After dressing up according to the opera, the actors tied their feet to a tripod about one meter high with cloth and sang in the street. The number of performers depends on the needs of the plot. Everyone holds props such as fans, sticks and bamboo money strings. The roles and occupations are the same as those on the stage, but they are not limited by the stage space.

Flower-carrying pole: It consists of one or several pairs of beautifully made large flower baskets. The performers, with thin bamboo poles on their shoulders and their hands akimbo, walk in a figure-of-eight step, interweave with each other, cross back and forth, and tremble with music, which is quite a dance charm. The audience is often amazed at the artist's superb skills. Datoubao: rowing a dry boat: carrying a sedan chair: dancing a dragon: Jian 'ou is called "fork dragon lantern". The dragon lantern in Jian 'ou is tied with colored paper and silk. The dragon body is made of bamboo strips, covered with gauze painted with scales, and inside is a fuel bag. The dragon's tail is tied to a bamboo frame with a bunch of big iron leaves. When dancing, the lights are overflowing and winding like flying. According to color, there are Huanglong, Chilong and Qinglong. It is equipped with a rolling light made of red Shameng, which is called "Dragon Ball". Jian 'ou Dragon Lantern is also equipped with a group of five or nine large dragon-shaped or fish-shaped lanterns made of different colors of paper, commonly known as "Huanglong Five Kui", which is a cultural activity loved by the masses. Lion beating (lion dancing): Generally, a pair of lions are tied with colored silk and red and yellow cloth. Each lion is operated by two people, twisting and jumping in the sound of gongs and drums. A lean young man, dressed as a samurai, wearing a yellow cloth towel, a red coat and an embroidered ribbon around his waist, stood on the Ma Xie with a red hydrangea in his hand, swaying from side to side and letting the lion jump from side to side. His technique is very good. Spring platform: On a big platform, a pair of young boys and girls are cleverly dressed up and placed on the iron frame by the iron frame. From the outside, it seems that one person is standing on a prop held by another person. Exquisite and stunning. Walking in the street, several strong men carried the platform slowly. Common modeling stories include Xu Xian and White Snake.

Life custom: Eating and drinking Jian 'ou snacks are rich and colorful. Pay attention to ingredients and seasons, and are deeply loved by guests. Snack flat food (wonton) is filled with lean pork hind legs, which is sweet and crisp; In autumn and winter, salted duck is famous for being neither oily nor greasy. It is not only necessary for local people to give gifts, hold banquets and eat at home, but also popular with foreigners. Soymilk vermicelli, which is economical, convenient and nutritious, is a traditional breakfast and is deeply loved. Fried bamboo shoots in winter are tender and sweet, which is a famous dish; Jian 'ou light cake, with exquisite ingredients, exquisite production technology, soft and crisp; In recent years, fish balls have also become a common snack market; The "Tartar Wrapping" in the East Tour Area is to mix cooked taro together, grind it into skin, and wrap it in a flat food stuffing to form a chicken scratch. Cooking methods are the same as flat food, which can be cooked by every family and has a unique flavor.

Nadi, Taiping egg, braised pork chop with hazelnut, braised eel with garlic, etc. It is also a specialty of Jian 'ou. There are many simple ways to adjust life, such as flour, noodles, pancakes, steamed bread and steamed bread. Maternal women "do confinement" and use a lot of homemade red wine, chicken, eggs and pig's tail bones. Five meals a day, mostly eggs, meat, wine and dry powder as snacks. When the guests come, the host will pour tea and offer cigarettes. For guests who meet for the first time, rural people often treat them with rock sugar tea and stewed sweet eggs, while urban people buy a bowl of flat food as snacks.