What does orienteering mean?

Orienteering is to use a detailed and accurate map and a compass to visit all the points marked on the map in sequence, and the winner is the one who reaches all the points in the shortest time. Orienteering is generally carried out in forests, suburbs and city parks, and can also be carried out on university campuses. A standard orienteering court includes a starting point (represented by a triangle), an ending point (represented by a double circle) and a series of controls (represented by a single circle). These points have been numbered on the map.

In the actual terrain, an orange and white control flag indicates the position of the point that the athlete is looking for.

● In order to confirm this visit, athletes must punch holes at every point they arrive, and different punches make different pinholes. Nowadays, electronic punching system has been widely used. It can not only confirm whether the access is correct and orderly, but also record the access time. ● The route between points is not specified or fixed. Instead, athletes should make their own choices. The essence of orienteering is the ability to choose the route, and the ability to identify the direction with the help of maps and compasses in forests and parks, and to reach the destination in order at the fastest speed.

● Map-Although you can orient on any map, you need to make a special orientation map in order to orient the movement itself. The directional map is more accurate and detailed, and it is easier to compare the symbols on the map with the objects in the actual terrain.

● Scale: (scale)

At present, the scale of most forest orientation maps is 1: 10000 (on the map 1cm = on the actual terrain 100m), and the park orientation map is1:5000/4000 (1cm). * * * Six colors.

● Contour line and vertical interval: the difference of terrain height.

● Colors and symbols on the map:

Black man-made features (buildings, roads and paths) and rocks (boulders and cliffs).

Brown-Terrain: Contours and symbols (for hills and pits; Expressway, main road)

Blue-Anywhere there is water (lake, stream, swamp).

Green vegetation. Dense and impassable areas (the darker the green, the more difficult it is to pass).

White-common forest area, easy to pass.

Yellow-open space. Easy to run.

Purple line.

● Compass-The most important instrument for orienteering is the human brain. However, the most useful tool to find the right direction is the compass. This is the only legal help for directional remote control.

Classification of directional motion

Directional movement can be divided into two types according to different sports tools:

Hiking orientation: such as traditional orienteering cross-country running; Park positioning; Relay orientation; Orientation at night;

Tool orientation: such as skiing orientation; Mountain bike orientation; Direction of motorcycle.

Therefore, both men and women are healthy. As long as you like country activities, orienteering definitely suits you! The skills are easy to master, and it is a sport that people aged three to eighty can participate in.

Benefits of orienteering

Orienteering is a very healthy intellectual exercise, which pays equal attention to both intelligence and physical strength. It can not only strengthen the body, but also cultivate people's ability to think independently, solve difficulties independently, react quickly and make decisive decisions under physical and intellectual pressure. It also helps to build strong social networks around the world.

Orienteering is a student sport. Because it cultivates students' ability to analyze and solve problems independently and good logical thinking ability.

Orienteering is a family sport. On weekends, the family will return to nature, relax, entertain themselves and live in harmony. Add fun.

● Orienteering is an elite sport. Because it is full of challenges, it dares to try a scheme that has never been tried before, and requires the highest efficiency from the legs to the brain to reach the world's top goals.

Orienteering is a very important world military sport. Have your own world champion.

Orienteering is a natural environment movement. Because it teaches you how to behave in nature, control yourself, care for nature and obey the rules of country parks.

Orienteering is a mass sport without any cost. All you need is a good direction map and a compass. Clothing can wear directional professional suits or just ordinary sportswear.

Orienteering is an adventure and treasure hunt. Give you a thrilling life experience.

● Orienteering is a social sport to make friends. Here, men and women, old and young, regardless of ethnic background, cultural class and social status, can communicate with each other and enjoy life.

Therefore, orienteering has attracted the extensive participation of men, women and children, all walks of life and people of all ages all over the world.

History of orienteering

Orienteering originated in Sweden. It was originally just a military sports activity. The word "orientation" was first used in 1886, which means: crossing unknown areas with the help of maps and compasses. The real orienteering competition was held in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway in 1895, which marked the birth of orienteering as a sports event. It has a history of one hundred years.

Orienteering itself, as a sport, began in northern Europe at the beginning of this century. By 1930s, it had established itself in Finland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark. 1932 held the first world orienteering competition. 196 1 the international orienteering Federation (IOF) was established in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are currently 50 member States. FIBA is the administrative entity of world orienteering and one of the federations of international individual sports federations. Orienteering is also an internationally recognized Olympic sport.

In Sweden, there are more than 700 orienteering clubs all over the country, and more than 1000 formal orienteering competitions are organized every year. The King of Sweden is the most authoritative supporter and protective wing of orienteering. Many politicians, business tycoons and media celebrities are enthusiasts and active participants in orienteering. All Swedish school students and soldiers must learn orientation, which is a compulsory course and part of education and training. For many Swedes, adapting to the environment has become a way of life.

Major world/international orienteering events

1, O-ring: Sweden for five days. The world's largest orienteering event/tourism festival attracts 20,000 orienteering athletes from all over the world to gather in Sweden every July.

2. World Orienteering Championship: the most authoritative traditional orienteering competition. It is held every other year.

Jukola: The largest orienteering relay race in the world. Every June, more than 2000 teams compete for 24 hours in daytime in Finland.

4.Tio-mila: The most exciting night directional relay race in the world. It is held in Sweden at the end of April every year.

5. Orienteering World Cup

6. World Youth Orienteering Championship

7. World Orienteering Masters Championship

* * World Park Orienteering Championship: a professional elite championship held in parks all over the world every year. Set the total bonus and total ranking. Only the top 25 men and 25 women in the world are eligible to participate.

World Park Orienteering Organization

Park World Tour (PWT) is an international organization registered with the International Orienteering Federation (IOP) with the number 1995. Hold professional orientation elite tour in parks around the world every year, and set the total prize and ranking. Its main purpose and purpose is to create a brand-new concept of orienteering, that is, orienteering can be carried out not only in traditional forests, but also in city parks and university campuses, thus bringing the most challenging sports in the world to the audience and cameras, so that the audience can not only feel the dynamic and intense situation of orienteering on the spot. You can also share the excitement and fun with the audience next to the TV. Really let orienteering become a mass movement that anyone can engage in anywhere. Directional remote control from forest to city.

In order to promote the development of orienteering, improve people's interest and understanding of orienteering, develop new groups, expand their influence in the news media, and introduce orienteering into new countries, PWT will hold most of the world round robin competitions in the suburbs and parks of the city. Moreover, the distance is short, and the layout of landmarks is unique, from the safari park in Sweden to the water maze in Venice, from the casino in Finland to the concert hall in Austria, from the castle in the Czech Republic to the roof of the shopping center in Oslo. The whole competition was intense, bringing together the world's top orienteering elites and pushing orienteering to a higher level. The audience can not only watch the game along the way, but also experience it personally, which is full of fun and endless fun.

Every international competition held by PWT is organized by a local orienteering club or the National Orienteering Federation. * * * aims to make orienteering one of the Olympic events.

In just four years, PWT is popular all over the world with its perfect competition organization and modern equipment technology. From 65438 to 0998, 30 countries, including South America, applied for the PWT World Tour and conquered tens of thousands of people, making them active participants and excellent orienteers. It has taken an important first step for orienteering to enter the Olympic Games.

PWT will continue to introduce orienteering to audiences all over the world-a sport that challenges intelligence and physical strength.

PWT97 PWT98 PWT99 PWT2000

05/02 Sweden 03/06 Hong Kong 03/ 16 Denmark 06/ 15 Finland

Finland 03/ 14 Beijing 04/23 Sweden 07/22 Sweden

06/26 Norway 05/0 1 Sweden 06/1KLOC-0/Finland 08/0 1 Slovenia

Czech 06/ 12 Finland 06/ 15 UK 08/05 Austria

10/08 Hungary 08/08 Italy 08/ 14 Norway

10/ 10 Austria 08/ 1 1 Austria11/Japan 10/24 Bangkok

08/ 13 Czech Republic 10/ 15 Hangzhou 10/28 Shanghai

08/ 15 Sweden 10/ 17 Shanghai 10/3 1 Kunming

PWT is in China

Although orienteering originated in Sweden, it has become popular in Europe, Australia and North America, Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong in Asia, and Brazil and Chile in South America. PWT came to China where the compass was invented. Asia's largest sports power, with the best orienteering athletes from 25 countries around the world, ran from the bustling international metropolis Hong Kong to the ancient Beijing, which was warmly welcomed by all walks of life. In a big country with a population of 65.438+0.3 billion, it aroused people's unprecedented enthusiasm and interest in orienteering.

Moved by this enthusiasm, PWT decided to return to China again. Hold orientation lectures, make orientation maps and organize orientation competitions in major cities. Thank you for your strong support and cooperation.

1999 PWT*** took China 12 college athletes to participate in large-scale international orienteering events such as round robin organized by PWT for free, giving China athletes the opportunity to learn, compete and communicate with world elites.

In 2000, PWT will continue to strive for more opportunities for China people to participate in orienteering, study and training all over the world.

Mr. Gavett Wager, one of the founders of Park Orienteering, and Mr. Jorgen Maartenson, vice chairman of PWT organization and world champion of orienteering, all said: China people have excellent physical fitness and intelligence in orienteering; Moreover, China has a vast territory and superior natural conditions. Using mountains, forests, suburbs, city parks and university campuses is the most ideal natural place to carry out park orienteering. At the same time, it is also a very good way of education and entertainment. They believe that with everyone's efforts, in the near future, China athletes will compete with the world elite for the world championship.

PWT Chinese website:

Http://www.pwt.org PWT English website

Some orienteering venues in China.

Many parks, botanical gardens and mountainous areas with complex terrain can be used as good venues for orienteering. The places where orienteering is held in China are:

L Shanghai sheshan scenic spot

L Beijing Xiangshan Ski Resort

Beijing Green Resort

L Tanzhe Temple Park, Mentougou District, Beijing (the first "Blue Dragon Cup" orienteering competition in Beijing was held on June 6, 2000 at 438+07)

L Beijing Wangshan Forest Park (Xiaoxishan-Xishan National Forest Park)

What equipment is needed for field orientation?

Some people misunderstand that orienteering in the wild requires climbing mountains and wading around the clock. So I think I should take three meals a day and even a sleeping bag for camping. ......

In fact, orienteering usually takes only a few hours to two hours to complete. So to participate in orienteering activities, all you need is a compass (to tell the direction) and a whistle (to ask for help if necessary). The conference will provide maps and control cards.

Of course, participants also need to wear appropriate clothes and shoes to protect themselves. Generally speaking, participants should wear trousers to protect their feet and sports shoes with teeth at the bottom to avoid slipping on the gravel ground.

It can be seen that orienteering in the wild can be said to be a cheap sport. You only need to spend less than 100 yuan to buy less equipment and enjoy the fun of field orientation.

Second,

Orienteering: the game of map and compass, a sport that challenges intelligence and physical fitness, is to use a detailed and accurate map and compass to visit all the landmarks marked on the map in turn, and the person who reaches all the landmarks in the shortest time will become the winner.

Orienteering is generally carried out in forests, suburbs and city parks, and can also be carried out on university campuses. The standard direction route includes a starting point (represented by a triangle), an ending point (represented by a double circle) and a series of points (represented by a single circle). These points have been marked with Arabic numerals on the map. In the actual terrain, an orange and white flag marks the position of the point that the athlete is looking for. The route between points is not specific or fixed. Instead, athletes should make their own choices. The essence of orienteering is that with the help of maps and compasses, you can choose routes and identify directions in forests and parks, and reach your destinations in sequence at the fastest speed.

Orienteering is a very healthy intellectual exercise, which pays equal attention to both intelligence and physical strength. It can not only strengthen the body, but also cultivate people's ability to think independently, solve difficulties independently, react quickly and make decisive decisions under physical and intellectual pressure. It also helps to build strong social networks around the world. Orienteering is a student sport. Because it cultivates students' ability to analyze and solve problems independently, as well as good logical thinking and drawing reading ability. Orienteering is a family sport. On weekends, the family will return to nature, relax, entertain themselves and live in harmony. Add fun. Orienteering is an elite sport. Because it is full of challenges, it dares to try a scheme that has never been tried before, and requires the highest efficiency from the legs to the brain to reach the world's top goals. Orienteering is a very important world military sport. Have your own world champion. Orienteering is a natural environment movement. Because it teaches you how to behave in nature, control yourself, care for nature and obey the rules of country parks. Orienteering is a mass sport without any cost. All you need is a good direction map and a compass. Clothing can wear directional professional suits or just ordinary sportswear. Orienteering is an adventure and treasure hunt. Give you a thrilling life experience. Orienteering is a social sport to make friends. Here, regardless of gender, age, ethnic background, cultural class and social status, we can communicate with each other and enjoy life. Therefore, orienteering has attracted the extensive participation of men, women and children, all walks of life and people of all ages all over the world.

Classification of orienteering: orienteering can be divided into two types according to different sports tools: orienteering on foot: such as traditional orienteering (standard distance, long distance, short distance); Park positioning; Relay orientation; Orientation at night; Tool orientation: such as skiing orientation; Mountain bike orientation; Direction of motorcycle. Therefore, no matter men or women, as long as you like rural activities, orienteering will definitely suit you! The skills are easy to master, and it is a sport that people aged three to eighty can participate in.

The history of orienteering: Orienteering originated in Sweden. It was originally just a military sports activity. The word "orientation" was first used in 1886, which means: crossing unknown areas with the help of maps and compasses. The real orienteering competition was held in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway in 1895, which marked the birth of orienteering as a sports event. It has a history of one hundred years. Orienteering itself, as a sport, began in northern Europe at the beginning of this century. By 1930s, it had established itself in Finland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark. 1932 held the first world orienteering competition. 196 1 the international orienteering Federation (IOF) was established in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are 56 member countries. FIBA is the administrative entity of world orienteering and one of the federations of international individual sports federations. Orienteering is also an internationally recognized Olympic sport. In Sweden, among the 80 million people, there are15 million active orienteers and15 million amateurs. There are more than 700 orienteering clubs in China, which organize 1000 formal orienteering competitions every year. The King of Sweden is the most authoritative supporter and protective wing of orienteering. Many politicians, business tycoons and media celebrities are enthusiasts and active participants in orienteering. All Swedish school students and soldiers must learn orientation, which is a compulsory course and part of education and training. For many Swedes, adapting to the environment has become a way of life.

Basic rules: directional movement, that is, using maps and compasses to find a series of feature items. Competitive orienteering requires the fastest speed to explore the feature item, that is, the point mark. Whoever finds all the landmarks in the shortest time wins. The figure below shows a typical directional movement route. The triangle represents the starting point, and the exact starting position is the center of the triangle. The point you want to explore is represented by a single circle, and the end point is represented by a double circle ` 1 Points are connected by straight lines, but that doesn't mean you have to walk straight lines. You can choose your own road, but you must find the landmarks in the right order. Each landmark has orange and white directional markers and directional punch cards. You can punch in here with the finger card you got at the starting point to confirm your visit. Orienteering competitions have grades suitable for all types of orienteering athletes. Grades are divided by gender, age and orientation skills. Usually there are many levels in a game.

How to make a route? In the competition, you need a map marked with the route of the competition. This route was worked out by the organizer before the competition. Generally speaking, it is best to work out the race route as soon as possible, so as to check the location of those landmarks in advance. Various signs in the route: starting point, sign, end point and starting and ending point (sometimes the starting point and ending point can overlap). In the picture, the race route will be marked with purple (sometimes red if pens and ink lines are used) to distinguish it from other colors in the picture. The starting point is represented by a triangle in the diagram and points to the first point. The dot is marked with a circle, and its specific position is the center of the circle. Never put the sign in the center of the clearing, but next to a clear sign.