"Tobacco monopoly, benefiting the country and the people" is just an advertisement of local TV station. what do you think?

Look at the supplementary documents of the convention first, and then look at the Southern Weekend.

Indicative (non-exhaustive) list of forms of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship within the scope of the Convention

Publicity through audio, video or audio-visual means: printed matter (including newspapers, magazines, brochures, loose-leaf printed matter, leaflets, letters, billboards, posters and slogans), radio and television (including terrestrial and satellite communications), movies, DVD discs, videos and CDs, games (computer games, video games or online games) and other digital communication platforms (including the Internet and online games).

Brand signs, including brand signs on entertainment places and retail stores, vehicles and equipment (for example, using brand colors or color matching, logos or trademarks);

Display tobacco products in sales stores;

Tobacco product vending machine;

Use the Internet to sell tobacco products;

Brand extension and brand enjoyment (product diversification);

Inserting a product (i.e., including or referring to a tobacco product, service or trademark in a promotional environment for payment or other benefits (see above));

Providing gifts or discounted products (such as key rings, T-shirts, baseball caps and lighters) when purchasing tobacco products;

Provide free samples of tobacco products, including the combination of market research and taste test;

Incentive promotion or customer loyalty programs, such as providing coupons for convertible goods when purchasing tobacco products;

Competition related to tobacco products or brand names, whether it is necessary to buy tobacco products or not;

Personal promotional materials (including information), such as direct mail, telemarketing, "consumer survey" or "research";

Promotional products;

Selling or providing toys or sweets that look like tobacco products;

Pay or give other preferential treatment to retailers to encourage or induce them to sell products, including retailer reward programs (for example, reward retailers who reach a certain sales volume);

Characteristics of packaging and product design;

Pay or give other preferential treatment, obtain the exclusive right to sell a specific commodity or a specific manufacturer's product in a retail store, a place or an activity, or highlight a product;

Selling, providing, placing or displaying products in educational, reception, sports, entertainment, music, dance and social places or activities;

Providing financial or other support to meetings, activities, individuals or groups (for example, sports or art activities, individual athletes or teams, individual artists or art groups, welfare organizations, politicians, political candidates or political parties), regardless of whether political propaganda is exchanged, including corporate social voluntary activities;

The tobacco industry provides financial or other support to the operators of bars, clubs or other entertainment places. In exchange, the tobacco industry builds or refurbishes places to promote tobacco products, or uses or provides awnings.

UID34 post 393 essence 5 minutes 320 reading permission 40 from Shaanxi Lantian online time 46 hours registration time 2009- 1-9, and finally logged in on June 23, 2009 to check the details.

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Some people suggest abolishing the tobacco monopoly system.

Source: Southern Weekend May 2, 2009114: 37: 25 Author: Zou

Under the monopoly system, tobacco companies can transfer most of the tax burden to consumers and farmers, and most of the monopoly rents are often seized by some powerful government officials, or "legally" converted into excessive wages and welfare levels in the tobacco industry.

Monopoly tobacco monopoly system

1On September 23rd, 1983, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Tobacco Monopoly; 199 1 On September 29th, the 7th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed the People's Republic of China (PRC) Tobacco Monopoly Law;1On July 3rd, 1997, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Implementation of Tobacco Monopoly Law. The implementation of these laws and policies has established a tobacco monopoly system of "unified leadership, vertical management and monopoly".

The State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (China Tobacco Corporation) is an institution that implements the monopoly system. China Tobacco Corporation and provincial tobacco companies form a huge monopoly organization. The production plan of cigarettes is formulated by the tobacco corporation, and then the production quota is distributed to the tobacco companies in each province. In the case of a certain domestic demand, the result of controlling supply is naturally the monopoly high price of tobacco products. The Tobacco Monopoly Bureau controls the production and sale of tobacco through production licenses and sales licenses. In order to ensure the control effect, less or no foreign tobacco products are imported. The Tobacco Monopoly Bureau also determines the planting area of tobacco leaves, and the tobacco leaves produced by tobacco farmers can only be sold to tobacco companies everywhere, thus controlling the main raw materials for tobacco production.

Part of the monopoly rent enters the state treasury in the form of tax.

Tobacco companies can obtain the maximum monopoly rent by monopolizing tobacco business, and the government's fiscal revenue is part of the monopoly rent obtained through taxation. The government's specific taxes for the tobacco industry are mainly 1999 20% tobacco leaf tax, 1.5% education surcharge paid by cigarette manufacturers, and tobacco consumption tax. First, all cigarettes are taxed at the specific rate of 150 yuan per box, and then at the ad valorem rate of 45% and 35% respectively. The central government accounts for about 80% of the fiscal revenue of the tobacco industry, and local governments account for 20%. In addition, part of the after-tax profits (15%) of tobacco commercial enterprises are paid into the central treasury on the spot, and then transferred to the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau by the Ministry of Finance, which can be roughly regarded as the share of China Tobacco Corporation in the total monopoly rent.

Under the monopoly system, tobacco companies can transfer most of the tax burden forward to consumers and backward to tobacco farmers, thus retaining most of the monopoly rents obtained from monopoly operations. By virtue of administrative power, tobacco companies forcibly purchase tobacco leaves at a planned low price, artificially and arbitrarily raise the grading standard of tobacco leaves, and it is not uncommon to purchase unqualified tobacco leaves at a reduced price, and it is also useless to buy tobacco leaves. Tobacco farmers are in a weak position and have no choice. It can be said that almost all the tobacco specialty taxes collected by the state are borne by tobacco farmers. On the consumer side, due to the particularity of tobacco as a consumer product, most smokers are dependent on cigarettes, and the demand elasticity of tobacco is relatively small, so tobacco companies can pass on most of the tobacco consumption tax to consumers.

Some monopoly rents fall into special interest groups.

Although the government has obtained a lot of financial revenue through the tobacco monopoly system, it is expensive. The excessive monopoly rent obtained by the tobacco industry can be regarded as the cost of government taxation, and the tobacco monopoly bureau has actually become a special "tax bureau" of the tobacco industry. Adam Smith had a clear conclusion in The Wealth of Nations that taxation should be based on the principle of economy, so that what people pay is equal to what the government receives. If the money paid by ordinary people is greater than the money collected by the government, a large part of it will inevitably fall into the pockets of special interest groups. The practice of economic reform in the past 30 years has fully proved that there are huge rent-seeking opportunities in any industry with government monopoly. The tobacco monopoly bureau or tobacco company is in an administrative monopoly position, and the administration and business are integrated. The monopoly rent formed by the tobacco monopoly system is often seized by some powerful government officials. At the same time, monopoly rent has also been "legally" transformed into excessive wages and welfare levels in the tobacco industry, which has been ridiculed as industry corruption. Corruption and unfair income distribution have aroused strong dissatisfaction.

Tobacco monopoly brings five disadvantages.

The essence of tobacco monopoly system is administrative monopoly. The tobacco monopoly system has established a system characterized by top-down and compartmentalization, which is inefficient and relies on administrative instructions to allocate resources. This system excludes market competition. Mainly in the following aspects:

1. The planting area of tobacco leaves and the output of tobacco products are controlled by production quotas. Due to the close relationship between local taxes and tobacco production, tobacco leaves are also planted in areas that do not have comparative advantages in tobacco planting. Many tobacco enterprises have been established in various provinces and regions of China, and unplanned tobacco factories have been repeatedly banned, which makes enterprises with high production efficiency unable to meet the requirements of economies of scale because of insufficient production indicators, while enterprises with low production efficiency make profits out of thin air because of obtaining production indicators.

Second, local governments use the tobacco monopoly system to restrict foreign tobacco products from entering the local market, which intensifies the regional division of the tobacco market and makes tobacco monopoly a tool of local protectionism.

Third, it harms the interests of consumers. The monopoly of the local tobacco market has resulted in the monopoly of high prices of cigarettes. At the same time, consumers can only consume locally produced cigarettes, and their choice is greatly limited.

Fourthly, in competitive industries, due to the monopoly caused by government decrees, market competition is artificially restricted, which will lead to inefficient resource allocation. But if the monopoly enterprise is a private enterprise, private enterprises will at least save costs in order to maximize profits. Under the current tobacco monopoly system, in order to ensure the implementation of the tobacco monopoly system, the production and operation of tobacco products are all state-owned enterprises, and the production and operation of state-owned enterprises are often costly due to the inherent difficulties of virtual property rights, resulting in double inefficient resource allocation.

5. Due to the monopoly operation under the tobacco monopoly system, the price of tobacco products is much higher than that under the competitive market conditions. Driven by high profits, the smuggling activities of tobacco products are endless, and the exported cigarettes are even smuggled back to China for sale. Counterfeiting and selling cigarettes has always been a long-standing problem that puzzles the tobacco monopoly system. Tobacco monopoly organizations at all levels take the form of chasing after and blocking the smuggling and counterfeiting activities, which is costly and the cost of maintaining the tobacco monopoly system is getting higher and higher.

Therefore, the abolition of tobacco monopoly system is not only conducive to improving the efficiency of resource allocation in China's tobacco industry, but also conducive to establishing a fair standard of income distribution in the tobacco industry. It is the inherent requirement of the market-oriented reform of China's economic system to introduce a fair competition mechanism in the tobacco industry and allow non-state-owned enterprises to enter.

Tobacco monopoly is not an effective way to control tobacco.

To abolish tobacco monopoly, we must clarify two inappropriate views.

One view is that since the tobacco monopoly system is mainly to obtain fiscal revenue, it is necessary to maintain the tobacco monopoly system in order to ensure fiscal revenue. In fact, the fiscal revenue obtained through monopoly system can be obtained through tax in principle, and the unnecessary efficiency loss (including the reduction of monopoly rent and the loss of consumer welfare) caused by "prohibition" (monopoly system plus tax) can be reduced through simple tax. With China's entry into WTO and the transformation of China's tax system from indirect tax to direct tax, the consumption tax currently levied in the production link is bound to be in line with the international common tax system and will be levied in the consumption link instead, thus making the tobacco monopoly system lose its foundation.

There is also a view that a stricter tobacco monopoly system is indispensable in order to implement the Convention on Tobacco Control. Only by controlling the production and consumption of tobacco under the system of integrating government with enterprises can we achieve better results in tobacco control. The tobacco monopoly system limits the output of tobacco products, and objectively it does have the effect of tobacco control. But in principle, a sufficiently high tax rate can also limit the production and consumption of tobacco to the same level. You know, China is the only signatory to the Convention on Tobacco Control that retains the tobacco monopoly system. If tobacco control can only rely on the tobacco monopoly system, China should, in turn, question why other contracting parties want to abolish the tobacco monopoly system, instead of China's tobacco monopoly system, which does not distinguish between government and enterprises, coming under international pressure.

Therefore, learning from international experience and abolishing the tobacco monopoly system, rather than continuing to maintain or even strengthen the tobacco monopoly system, is the real move to benefit the country and the people.