Watchband model slogan

Beijing; Topography The average elevation of the whole city is 43.5 meters. The elevation of Beijing Plain is 20-60m, and that of mountainous area is generally 1 0,000-10,500m. Dongling Mountain is the highest peak in Beijing, with an altitude of 2303 meters.

Climate Beijing's climate is a typical warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate, with hot and rainy summer, cold and dry winter and short spring and autumn. The annual average temperature in 2007 was 65438 04.0℃ (Beijing Meteorological Bureau). 1 -7 to -4℃, July 25th to 26℃. Extreme minimum -27.4℃, extreme maximum above 42℃. The frost-free period of the whole year is 180 to 200 days, and the frost-free period in western mountainous areas is shorter. In 2007, the average rainfall was 483.9 mm, which is one of the areas with the most rainfall in North China. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is very uneven. 80% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in June, July and August in summer, and there are often heavy rains in July and August. There are frequent sandstorms in Beijing and North China in spring, and the number of days when the urban air quality reaches Grade II or better is 246 (2007), which is 5 days more than the previous year, accounting for 67.4% of the total days in the whole year.

Beijing is the capital of People's Republic of China (PRC), one of the four municipalities directly under the Central Government of China, and the national political, economic, transportation and cultural center [13]. Beijing is located at the northern end of North China Plain, with Tianjin in the southeast and Hebei Province in the rest. Compared with the urban population, Beijing is the second largest city in China after Shanghai, and it is also the general hub of land and air transportation in China. Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

With a history of over 3,000 years and a history of over 850 years, Beijing is the city with the most world cultural heritage, a famous historical and cultural city and one of the eight ancient capitals of China. As early as 700,000 years ago, the original community "Beijingers" appeared in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, and the earliest recorded name in Beijing was "Ji".

Only a few cities in the world have long been the political and cultural centers of a country like Beijing. It is a collection of China culture since Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, with many places of interest and cultural landscapes. The Encyclopedia Britannica describes Beijing as "one of the greatest cities in the world". Beijing is welcoming more than1470,000 tourists every year with its ancient and fashionable brand-new look.

Scenic spot

temple

There are many religious temples in Beijing, including Fayuan Temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju Temple and Badachu Temple. Taoist Baiyun temple, etc. Islam, worship of temples in Beijing and niujie, etc. The Lama Temple of Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), the Catholic Church of Forty Banks, the Catholic Church of Wangfujing, etc. Christian Gangwa City Church, Chongwenmen Church, etc.

alley

Hutong is one of the most distinctive houses in Beijing, which originated in Yuan Dynasty. The word "Hutong" means "small street" in Mongolian. There are more than 7,000 hutongs in Beijing, and each hutong has an anecdote. There are many names of hutongs, some of which are named after characters, such as Wen Prime Minister Hutong; Some are named after markets and commodities, such as Goldfish Hutong; Some of them are named after Beijing dialect, such as Huluguan Hutong. After investigation, the oldest hutong in Beijing is Sanmiao Street, which has a history of more than 900 years. The longest hutong is the east-west Jiao Min Lane, with a total length of 6.5 miles. The shortest hutong is no more than ten meters long; The narrowest alley is Qianshi Hutong in Dashilan area of Qianmen, which is only 0.7 meters wide. Nanluoguxiang, located in Dongcheng District, has now become one of the eight characteristic commercial streets in Beijing.

Siheyuan; Siheyuan residence

Siheyuan is a courtyard surrounded by houses in the southeast and northwest, and the outer wall of the courtyard constitutes the side wall of the hutong. The north house in the yard is the main house, with wing rooms on the east and west sides. Apart from the gate, there are no windows or passages connected with the hutong. Siheyuan, a traditional residence in old Beijing, is quiet and closed. The former residences and palaces of celebrities scattered in urban areas are generally more authentic quadrangles, such as Gongwangfu in Qianhai West Street. In recent years, more and more high-rise buildings have been built in Beijing, and there are few quadrangles. Now there are only two relatively complete quadrangles in the Second Ring Road.

Central axis

The central axis of Beijing is to point out and clarify the central axis of Beijing, and Beijing's urban planning has the characteristics of symmetry around Miyagi. The central axis of Beijing starts from Yongdingmen in the south and ends at the Bell and Drum Tower in the north, with a total length of about 7.8 kilometers. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Arrow Tower, Zhengyangmen, Zhonghua Gate, Tiananmen Gate, Duanmen, Wumen Gate, Forbidden City, Shenwumen, Jingshan, Di 'anmen, Houmenqiao, Drum Tower and Bell Tower. Starting from Yongdingmen, the southern end of this central axis is the Temple of Heaven and the Xiannongtan. Ancestral temples and social altars; Donghuamen and Xihuamen; Andingmen and Deshengmen are symmetrically distributed with the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous architect in China, once said: "The unique grand order of Beijing is produced by the establishment of this central axis." Yongdingmen Gate, Zhonghua Gate and Di 'anmen Gate were all demolished after the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), and Yongdingmen Gate Tower has been rebuilt in recent years.

City walls and moats

Beijing City is the general name of the defense buildings in the capital cities of Ming and Qing Dynasties in the history of China. It consists of Miyagi, Imperial City, Inner City and Outer City, including many facilities such as city walls, city gates, urn, enemy platforms and moats. It was the most complete ancient city defense system in China. Beijing city gate is the general name of Beijing city gate in Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the differences of grades and building specifications, it can be divided into four categories: Gongchengmen, Huangchengmen, Inner Chengmen and Outer Chengmen. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were four gates of Miyagi (called Six Gates), four gates of Imperial City (called Six Gates or Seven Gates), nine gates of inner city and seven gates of outer city in Beijing. There is a folk saying that there are nine doors inside and seven doors outside. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing was gradually demolished. Except outside the Palace, only Tiananmen Square was preserved, while only Zhengyangmen, Deshengmen archway, Southeast Corner and Chongwenmen were preserved in the inner city. The outer city was completely destroyed and only Yongdingmen was rebuilt.

Yanjing eight

Eight scenic spots in Yanjing refer to the eight old landscapes in Beijing, including Jimen Smoke Tree (West Tucheng), Lugou Xiaoyue (Lugou Bridge), Jintai Zhao Xi (Jintai Road), Qiongdao Chunyin (Beihai Park), Juyong Diecui (Badaling), Taiyou Autumn Wind (Zhongnanhai), Yuquan Mountain Map (Yuquan Mountain) and Xishan Sunny Snow (Xiangshan and Xishan). The Eight Scenes in Beijing were first mentioned in the ancient book The Legacy of Ming Chang in Jin Dynasty. Later, the Eight Scenes of Yanjing were mentioned in local chronicles such as Wanbu Miscellaneous Notes and Chronicles of Chen Yuan. The early eight scenic spots are slightly different from the old age. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong personally presided over the revision of the Eight Scenes of Yanjing and ordered the construction of a monument for the Eight Scenes of Yanjing.

Beijing's cultural life is rich and colorful, with all kinds of performances and international exhibitions. Peking Opera, known as the "national quintessence" of China, has a history of more than 200 years. Its gorgeous clothes, beautiful singing and ever-changing facial makeup are impressive. The famous National Grand Theatre, Chang 'an Grand Theatre, Huguang Guild Hall, Laoshe Teahouse, China Peking Opera Theatre, Mei Lanfang Grand Theatre, poly theatre and so on often have traditional Peking Opera performances. Beijing's nightlife is also rich and colorful. Houhai, Sanlitun and Nanluoguxiang Bar Street are all good places to go.

Siheyuan is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrow alley formed between quadrangles with blue tiles and gray bricks is the famous old Beijing Hutong. The most distinctive feature of Beijing is the Hutong Tour in Shichahai. Riding a jingling tricycle, crossing a winding alley and entering a charming quadrangle, you can truly appreciate the charm of old Beijing.

Beijing is rich in tourism resources, with more than 200 tourist attractions open to the outside world, including the world's largest Forbidden City, Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Royal Garden Beihai, Royal Garden Summer Palace and Yuanmingyuan, as well as Badaling Great Wall, Mutianyu Great Wall and the world's largest quadrangle Gongwangfu. There are 7,309 cultural relics in the city, including 6 world heritage sites, 2 national key scenic spots, a national historical and cultural city (Beijing) 1, a famous Chinese historical and cultural village (Nianxia Village) 1, 99 national key cultural relics protection units (including the Beijing section of the Great Wall and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal) and 326 municipal cultural relics protection units.

world heritage

The Forbidden City (World Cultural Heritage, 1987), the Great Wall (World Cultural Heritage, 1987), Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site (World Cultural Heritage, 1987), the Temple of Heaven (World Cultural Heritage, 1998), and the Summer Palace (World)

Ethnic Characteristics Beijing contains 56 ethnic groups in China. [9] Among them, the Han nationality accounts for 95.7%, and the population of Hui, Manchu, Mongolian and Korean all exceeds 1 10,000. According to the data of the fifth national census in 2000, the population of ethnic minorities in Beijing is 585,000, accounting for 4.3%. Among them, the population of ethnic minorities living in urban suburbs is 4 1. 1 10,000, accounting for 70.2% of the total population of ethnic minorities living in Beijing. In Beijing 18 districts and counties, the three districts and counties with the largest minority population are Chaoyang District (1 1.5 million), Haidian District (10 1.0 million) and Fengtai District (49,000).

Lhasa Terrain Lhasa is located in the middle of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an altitude of 3,650 meters. It is one of the highest cities in the world, with high terrain in the north and low terrain in the south. The south-central part is the valley plain in the middle reaches of Lhasa River, a tributary of Yarlung Zangbo River, with flat terrain.

Nyainqentanglha Mountain

At 100 km north of Lhasa, the world-famous Nyainqen Tang Lala Snow Mountain stands, with Namco on the northern edge, and the highest point of the mountain is 7 1 17 meters above sea level.

Nyainqentanglha Mountain stands in the middle of Tibet Plateau, about 600 kilometers long from east to west. It is connected with Gangkuka Shame in the west, Boshula Ridge in Hengduan Mountain in the southeast, and slightly protrudes to the north in the middle. It is the watershed between the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nu River, and divides Xizang Autonomous Region into three regions: northern Tibet, southern Tibet and southeastern Tibet. The Great Tanggula Pass is 52,365,438+0 meters above sea level, which is the natural dividing line between Qinghai Province and Tibet Province and the highest point of National Highway 65,438+009 on the Qinghai-Tibet Line.

"Nyainqentanglha" in Tibetan means "the spirit should be the god of grassland", which shows the respect and hope of Tibetans for it. These four peaks and their surrounding areas experienced intense Quaternary glaciation, forming steep mountains, especially the northwest slope. The mountain is straight and spectacular.

Chakpoli

Wang Yao is the best angle to shoot the Potala Palace, especially halfway up the mountain. In the early morning of the tourist season, many photographers and photographers often gather on Wang Yao Mountain, waiting for the first light to illuminate the Potala Palace.

The Tibetan name of Yaowangshan is Gabori, which means "the mountain at the corner of the mountain". Right side of Potala Palace in Lhasa. At an altitude of 3725 meters, there is a path leading to the summit.

Wang Yaoshan is close to Hongshan, where Potala Palace is located, and a main road of the city passes between the two mountains. In the past, the two mountains were connected by a white tower with a doorway at the bottom, which was the gateway to Lhasa. In the 1960s, Lhasa was expanded and the stupa was demolished. Dozens of meters wide asphalt road opened the distance between the two mountains. Some people think it is broken, and they try to connect two mountains with prayer flags. Every year when the Tibetan calendar comes, devout believers will come here to hang new banners. It has been reconnected with the tower.

Milla mt

Milla Mountain passes through Mozhugongka County. Mount Milla is more than 4,700 meters high and stands in the east of Lhasa. Although Milla Mountain is only a small mountain peak in Wan Ren, Qian Shan, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it forms a north-south watershed with Potala Mountain in the south, spanning the east-west Yarlung Zangbo River basin, and becomes an important dividing line of landforms, vegetation and climate on the east and west sides of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin.

Lhasa River is the mother river of Lhasa, which has a great influence on the development of Lhasa. Lhasa citizens love this river very much. Every weekend or holiday, crowds of Lhasa people drive or walk to the banks and valleys of Lhasa River, set up tents, fish, play in water or take a bath, drink butter tea, eat all kinds of delicious food brought from their hometown, and enjoy Lhasa's bright sunshine and leisure, much like a picnic of Han nationality.

Lhasa River originates from Pengcuola Kongmagou at the southern foot of Nyainqentanglha Mountain in Jia Lili. It flows through Naqu, Dangxiong, Linzhou, Mozhugongka, Dazi, Chengguan and Duilong Deqing and reaches Qushui County. It is a large tributary of the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, with a total length of 495 kilometers and a drainage area of 3 1.76 square kilometers. The maximum flow rate is 2830m3/s, the minimum flow rate is 20m3/s, and the annual average flow rate is 287m3/s; The altitude from the source to the estuary is 5500 meters to 3580 meters, which is one of the highest rivers in the world. This river belongs to the type of snow melting and long rain, and its water volume changes with temperature and precipitation.

Most of the Lhasa River basin is mountainous, with towering peaks and steep slopes, and the terrain inclines from north to south. There must be a small-scale modern glacier in Nyainqentanglha Mountain. Most tributaries on the right bank of the basin originate from glaciers, and most tributaries on the left bank originate from lakes or swamps.

The Lhasa River is V-shaped in the valley above Tanggu in Linzhou County, and widens to the valley below Mozhugongka County, with a width of about 1- 1.5 km. The floodplain began to appear, and the vegetation on the floodplain was good. This section of the river is relatively regular, with three continuous terraces distributed on both banks: the third terrace is 40-50 meters higher than the river surface, and its water surface is thicker. The second terrace is 20-30m higher than the river surface; The elevation of the first terrace is10-20m, and most of it has been reclaimed as cultivated land.

The two banks of the river are valley alluvial plains, with a width of 1- 10 km, and the cultivated land area is about 570,000 mu. These areas have mild climate, flat terrain, thick soil and abundant water resources, and are one of the main grain producing areas in Tibet.

Climate Lhasa is located in the southeast of Xizang Autonomous Region, on the north bank of Lhasa River, a tributary of Yarlung Zangbo River, with geographical coordinates of 9106 ′ east longitude and 29 36 ′ north latitude. The climate belongs to the semi-arid plateau temperate zone, with an annual sunshine time of 3,000 hours, which is 1.80 hours more than that of Chengdu, the capital of neighboring Sichuan Province, and 1.00 hours more than that of Shanghai, the largest eastern city in China. It ranks among the best cities in China, so it has the reputation of "Sunlight City".

The annual precipitation is 200-510mm, concentrated from June to September, with rainy nights. The highest temperature is 28℃, and the lowest temperature is-14℃. The air is thin, the temperature is low, the daily temperature difference is large, it is dry and windy in winter and spring, and the annual frost-free period is 100- 120 days. Relatively speaking, March-65438+1October is the best tourist season in Tibet, and May Day is usually the beginning of the tourist season.

Postal code: 850000

Area code: 089 1

English name: Lhasa

Chinese Pinyin: Lhasa

License plate number: Zang A

Lhasa has jurisdiction over seven counties (Dangxiong County, Duilong Deqing County, Qushui County, Mozhugongka County, Dazi County, Nimu County and Linzhou County) and 1 District (Chengguan District). The total area of the city is nearly 30,000 square kilometers, and the urban area is 59 square kilometers. The total population of the city is nearly 550,000, of which the urban population is nearly 270,000. There are 3/kloc-0 ethnic groups such as Tibetan, Han and Hui, and the Tibetan population accounts for 87%.

"Lhasa" means "holy land" or "Buddhist country" in Tibetan. It has long been the political, economic, cultural and religious center of Tibet. The magnificent Potala Palace is the symbol of the highest political power of the integration of politics and religion. As early as the 7th century AD, Songtsan Gambo annexed the surrounding tribes and unified Tibet, then moved its capital from Yalong River to Lodz (now Lhasa) and established the Tubo Dynasty.

1951On May 23rd, Tibet was peacefully liberated and Lhasa entered a new era. 1960, the State Council officially approved Lhasa as a prefecture-level city. 1982, it was identified as one of the first 24 national historical and cultural cities.

Lhasa was called "Yossa" in ancient times, "goat" in Tibetan was called "Yossa" and "earth" was called "Yossa". It is said that when Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty married Tubo in the 7th century, it was still a deserted beach, and then the recumbent pond was filled with the soil from the goat's back, which was used to build Jokhang Temple and Jokhang Temple. After the completion of the temple, the number of missionaries and people who came to worship Buddha increased, and many hotels and residential areas were built around Jokhang Temple. At the same time, Songtsan Gambo expanded his palace in Hongshan (now Potala Palace), and palaces sprang up on the Lhasa River Valley Plain, thus forming a famous plateau city at home and abroad. "Yossa" gradually became a "holy land" in people's minds and became the center of religion, politics, economy and culture in Tibet at that time. In general, Lhasa consists of Potala Palace, Barkhor Street, Jokhang Temple, Sera Temple, drepung monastery and Lhasa River. However, Tibetans believe that "Lhasa" in a strict sense should refer to Jokhang Temple and Barkhor Street built around Jokhang Temple. Only when Jokhang Temple and Barkhor Street are involved can it be considered as a real Lhasa. Today, the eastern part of Lhasa still maintains the essence of the ancient city of Lhasa.

Lhasa New Town is centered on Potala Palace and Barkhor Street, with Sera Temple in the north and Duilong Deqing County in the west. Looking at Lhasa, the post and telecommunications building, news building, Lhasa hotel, Tibet hotel and other buildings are dotted with continuous and timeless buildings. Standing on the top of Potala Palace overlooking the whole city of Lhasa, the whole city of Lhasa is a new building hidden in green trees, and only Barkhor Street is full of colorful flags and mulberry smoke. Here, there are houses and streets with ethnic styles, and people from all over Tibetan areas gather together. Many of them still wear their traditional clothes, which seems to show that Buddhism has actually become a way of life.

In the northern part of Lhasa, Dangxiong County and some districts and towns of Nimu, Duilong Deqing, Linzhou and Mozhugongka belong to the southern edge of northern Tibet grassland, with abundant aquatic plants and prosperous animal husbandry, rich in beef and mutton, ghee, velvet and wool. The central part is the famous Lhasa Valley, and the southern part belongs to the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. This is one of the better agricultural areas in Tibet, which is rich in highland barley, wheat, rapeseed and beans. "Lhasa No.1" broad bean is a well-known variety at home and abroad. Geothermal hot springs with economic value and medical function can be seen everywhere around Lhasa. Qusang Hot Springs in Duilong Deqing County and Dezhong Hot Springs in Mozhugongka County are well-known throughout the Tibetan area.

Lhasa, located in the alluvial plain of river valley, is one of the highest cities in the world. The terrain is inclined from east to west, and the climate belongs to the semi-arid monsoon climate zone of plateau temperate zone. The sunshine hours in the whole year exceed 3000 hours, so it has the reputation of "Sunshine City". The annual precipitation is 200-5 10 mm, concentrated in June-September, and it rains many nights, which is called rainy season. The highest temperature is 28℃, and the lowest temperature is-14℃. The air is thin, the temperature is low, the daily temperature difference is large, and it is dry and windy in winter and spring. The annual frost-free period is 100 ~ 120 days.

Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka are listed as world cultural heritages.

The main tourist attractions are drepung monastery, Sera Temple, Xiaozhao Temple, Zongjue Lu Kang, Tibetan Mausoleum, Chubu Temple, Lhasa Mosque, Qugong Site, Tibet Museum, Wangyaoshan and Zhigong Temple Group. The main business districts are Barkhor Street, Yutu Road Pedestrian Street and Lhasa Department Store.

Lhasa with ethnic characteristics has a total population of nearly 550,000, of which the urban population is nearly 270,000.

In 2000, according to the fifth national census, the total population of this city was 474,499. Among them: Chengguan District 22300 1, Linzhou County 50895, Dangxiong County 39 169, Nimu County 27375, Qushui County 29690, Duilong Deqing County 40543, Dazi County 24906 and Mozhugongka County 38920.

By the end of 2003, the total population of this city was 420,000.

The Tibetan New Year

The determination of Tibetan calendar year is closely related to the use of Tibetan calendar year. The official use of the Tibetan calendar began more than 950 years ago, that is, the year of Ding Mao in the lunar calendar (AD 1027). Since then, the usage of Tibetan calendar has been passed down.

People in Xizang has been preparing for the New Year in China since the Tibetan calendar1February. At this time, every household began to soak highland barley seeds in flowerpots. On New Year's Eve, every family will arrange all kinds of food in front of the Buddha statue. In order to have enough and abundant food during the festival, the whole family has been busy until late at night. The first day of the first lunar month is the first day of the Tibetan New Year. The first thing they did was to send someone to the river to carry back the first bucket of water for the New Year-auspicious water. From the next day, relatives and friends visit each other to celebrate the New Year. This activity lasts for three to five days. During the Tibetan New Year, in the square or open grass, everyone is dancing in circles and dancing on the lyre and cymbals.

festival

Niu Wanghui: Cattle regulation is the Tibetan people's understanding of the important position of cattle in agricultural production. They cultivate a strong affection for cattle in their daily work, which produces a large number of cattle cultural phenomena. They regard cows as gods and regard them as the best sacrifice to the gods, so the Cow King Club also appeared. Ox King Festival begins on August 15th of the lunar calendar and generally lasts for more than ten days, sometimes even for one month. The number often exceeds 1000. During the Cow King's Meeting, people invited Heiba (a wizard) to chant Buddhist scriptures, blow yak horns, slaughter dozens of yaks or hundreds of sheep, and have a carnival of drinking, which was very lively. Due to the huge cost, this large-scale meeting of the ox king has only been held once in the past hundred years. All the members attending the Ox King's Club have the same blood relationship and belong to the cultural festival of ancestor worship. ?

Zhao Chuan Dafa Research Association: This is the biggest religious festival in Tibet. At that time, the monks from drepung monastery, Sera Temple and Gandan Temple in Lhasa will gather in Jokhang Temple in Lhasa. Master Zong Kaba, the founder of the Gelug Sect, held a prayer meeting in Lhasa on 1409, which continued this dharma, and took the Gesi degree examination. Buddhists from other parts of Tibet also came to worship Buddha. Since then, the scale has been continuously expanded and enriched, making the prayer meeting a fixed religious festival, which is still very popular today, and its scale is no less than that when it was founded and continues to this day.

Butter sculpture Lantern Festival

The Tibetan calendar 1 month 15 (February 19, 2000) was also the last day of the grand and colorful butter sculpture Lantern Festival held in Zhao. During the day, people go to the temple to pray to the Buddha; At night, a butter sculpture lantern festival is held in Barkhor Street, Lhasa. There are all kinds of flower stands all over the street, filled with colorful images such as immortals, figures, birds and beasts, flowers and trees, puppet shows and so on. After the lantern is lit, it is like a star falling and shining. Local officials and the masses in Tibet are also scrambling to watch the lanterns. In the evening, farmers in the suburbs sing and dance, sometimes for several days. This is the most lively and joyful festival in Lhasa.

Sagadawa Festival

April 15 (June 16, 2000) is the day when Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, was born, became a monk and died. It is also a traditional festival for Tibetan people. April is Buddha Day in Tibetan calendar, so it is called "Sagadawa" in Tibetan. On this day of the Tibetan calendar every year, Tibetan men and women dressed in festive costumes gather in groups at Longwangtan behind the majestic Potala Palace to hold this sacred festival according to their traditional customs. After a long period of development, Sagadawa Festival has gradually evolved into a mass festival for Tibetan people to visit the park in spring and summer and wish a bumper harvest in agriculture and animal husbandry. During the festival, some people set up colorful tents, some people put highland barley wine and butter tea, and the whole family laughed, sang and took a nap by the lake. Then, Tibetan youths form a circle and step on the ground to celebrate festivals, sing songs and make peace. Now Lhasa Tibetan Opera Troupe and other literary and art groups are also coming to perform.

Bath Festival [within seven days of the first half of July in Tibetan calendar]

The first ten days of July (September 2000) is a traditional festival in people in Xizang, which has a history of at least 700 to 800 years in Tibet. At this time, according to Buddhism, the water on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has eight advantages, namely, sweet, cool, soft, light, clear and odorless. Seven cups won't hurt your throat, and eight cups won't hurt your stomach. Therefore, July is called the best time to take a bath. Tibetan bathing festival lasts for five or six days. During the festival, people will bring tents, butter tea, highland barley wine, Ciba and other foods to the banks of Lhasa River and Yarlung Zangbo River to compete for water and have a swim. Bathing Festival is a masterpiece of Tibetan folk culture, with a long time span and a wide spread. Until today, it is still full of vigor and vitality, and it also absorbs many entertainment cultures, thus making today's bathing festival evolve into a comprehensive social festival integrating religion, entertainment, fitness and social education.

Shoton/Sho Dun festival

The Snowdon Festival is one of the biggest traditional festivals in Tibet. "Shelton" means yogurt. Before17th century, the Shelton Festival was a purely religious festival. According to the regulations of the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism, the Tibetan calendar is closed every June, and monks and nuns in all Tibetan Buddhist temples are not allowed to go out to avoid stepping on bugs. When the Tibetan calendar was unsealed in July 1 day, they went down the mountain one after another. At this time, farmers and herdsmen had to come up with prepared yogurt to sacrifice. This is the origin of the Snowdon Festival. ?

During the festival, Tibetan people in groups of men, women and children carry various bags, carry barley wine barrels, and some even set up tents, spread mats and carpets on the ground, and put highland barley, dishes and other holiday foods into Norbulingka. In recent years, various organs and units in the autonomous region have also arranged large-scale cultural activities, academic seminars and economic and trade exchange activities during the Snowdon Festival, which has made the scene more lively.

Horse racing festival

Horse racing is the favorite activity of Tibetan people. It is not only a place for farmers and herdsmen to gather and exchange production experience in their leisure time, but also a display of people in Xizang's spiritual outlook. In all Tibetan festivals circulated among the people, horse racing is almost indispensable. Horse racing not only appears in festivals in the form of patterns, but more importantly, Tibetan people have formed such a national traditional "horse racing festival" based on their strong belief in horses, and this activity has a long history.

"Looking at Fruit" Festival

The "Wangguo" Festival is an annual festival for Tibetan people to wish a bumper harvest in agriculture. In Tibetan, "Wang" means fields and land, "Guo" means turning around, "Guo Wang" means transliteration, and "Yin" means surrounding fields and rotating crops. ?

Watching fruit festivals is very popular in agricultural areas of Tibet. In the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the rural areas along the Lhasa River, the "fruit watching" festival is very popular, and there are festivals in other places, but the names of the festivals are different. The area around Lahu and Dingri is called "Ji Ya", that is, comfortable summer days; Bubala Snow Mountain is surrounded by semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, which is called "Bangsang", that is, auspicious grassland. The time is about the same, and it is held before the crops are yellow and ready to open the sickle. Before liberation, Tibetans celebrated the Fruit Festival before the arrival of the "bird king", the season when geese flew south. Guowang Festival is an important cultural phenomenon of Tibetan people, and its origin, ceremony, region or gender characteristics are rich and colorful.

On this day every year, Tibetan people wear festive costumes, some carry colorful flags, some carry harvest towers made of highland barley and wheat ears, while the harvest towers are tied with white "Hada", holding slogans, some beat gongs and drums, singing songs and Tibetan operas, some carry portraits of Chairman Mao around the field, and after the circle, people carry tents and highland barley wine while talking about the past and present. The commercial department also organizes material exchanges, supplies commodities with ethnic characteristics and daily necessities, and purchases local products. After the fruit festival, the intense autumn harvest sowing began.

The terrain of Kunming is located in the middle of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with the city center at an altitude of 1 m and 89 1 m.. Dianchi Lake is in the south, surrounded by mountains on three sides.

The climate in Kunming is as warm as spring, and the temperature difference is very small throughout the year. The annual average temperature in the urban area is about 65438 05℃, the monthly average temperature in the hottest time is 65438 09℃, and the monthly average temperature in the coldest time is 7.6℃.

The annual extreme maximum temperature is 30.4℃, and the minimum temperature is -7.8℃.

Due to the suitable temperature and humidity, long sunshine time and short frost period, the flowers do not wither all year round and the vegetation is evergreen all year round, which makes Kunming have the reputation of "Spring City".

The daily temperature difference in Kunming is quite large. There are four seasons in a day. When it rains, it becomes autumn. The daily temperature difference between winter and spring can reach 12~20℃. Don't forget to bring a sweater or coat when you go. In addition, the rainy season in Kunming is mostly concentrated in May ~165438+1October. As long as it rains, the temperature will drop. At this time, tourists are advised to bring a windbreaker.

Kunming is the capital of Yunnan Province, the political, economic, cultural, technological and transportation center of Yunnan Province, and the only mega-city in Yunnan Province. With a history of more than 2,400 years and an annual reception of 27.35 million tourists, it is a famous historical and cultural city in China and an excellent tourist city. Kunming is located in the southwest of China, in the middle of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. It is 2100km away from the capital Beijing, 250km away from the Sino-Vietnamese border in the south, 395km away from the China-Myanmar border in the west and 300km away from the China-Laos border in the southwest (linear distance). It is one of the important gateways for China to ASEAN and international tourist cities. The geographical location of Kunming belongs to the north latitude subtropical zone. However, most areas in China have no hot summer, no cold winter, flowers in full bloom and pleasant climate, which has typical temperate climate characteristics. The urban temperature is between 0-29℃, and the annual temperature difference is the smallest in China. It is called "Spring City" at home and abroad.

Scenic Spot Daguanlou Yunnan Ethnic Village Yuantong Temple Tan Hua Temple Haiyuan Temple

Xishan-Longmen Zhu Qian Temple

Dianchi Daguanlou Jiuxiang Scenic Area Expo Park

Cuihu Tong Yuan Shilin Scenic Area

Jin Dian Scenic Area, Black Dragon Pool, Yulong Bay, Yunnan Military Academy and Sedan Snow Mountain in Kunming.

Local customs Kunming is a multi-ethnic city with 26 ethnic groups living in the world. There are villages or mixed villages composed of Han, Yi, Hui, Bai, Miao, Hani, Zhuang, Dai, Bo and other ethnic groups. In the long-term production and life, all ethnic groups have not only influenced each other, but also maintained their own national traditions, continuing many unique lifestyles, folk customs and culture and art. The compatriots of all ethnic groups living in Kunming are hospitable, good at singing and dancing, and simple in folk customs. No matter how they treat people, unique food, colorful clothes, different styles of residential buildings and interesting weddings, people can feel the distinctive national characteristics.

Among the numerous ethnic festivals, the Torch Festival of the Yi people, March Street of the Bai people, Around the Three Souls, Water-splashing Festival of the Dai people, Walking in Huashan Mountain of the Miao people, and Knife and Rod Festival of the Wa people have long enjoyed great fame, and the festival activities are colorful. In festivals, people of all ethnic groups will wear their own hand-embroidered and dyed national costumes and gather from all directions to hold wrestling, bullfighting and duet. According to the season of the New Year, many customs are very popular among the people, such as the adjustment of the Western Hills on the third day of the third lunar month, the spring outing of the Golden Temple on the ninth day of the first lunar month, the climbing of the snail peak on the Double Ninth Festival in September, and the moon viewing at the Mid-Autumn Festival.

There are many kinds of local literature and art in Kunming, including Yunnan Opera, Lantern Opera, folk songs, ethnic minority operas, folk narrative poems and folklore. After hundreds of years of development and circulation, they are deeply loved by the broad masses of the people.

Ethnic Characteristics The population of Kunming is mainly Han, accounting for 86.52% of the city's permanent population. The minority population accounts for 13.48% of the city's permanent population. Among ethnic minorities, Yi has the largest population, followed by Miao and Hui, while Jinuo, Dulong and De 'ang have the smallest population.