Shorthand formula of compulsory English test knowledge in junior middle school

# 中中中 # Introduction There are many knowledge points that are frequently tested in English at the beginning of junior high school. This knowledge has always been a hot spot in the English exam for junior high school students. Next, let's introduce the relevant contents of the English test in Xiaoshengchu. Let's have a look!

0 1 class

First of all, the rules of noun singular to plural.

Shorthand formula

Singular to plural, remember the rules,

Generally add s, there are several special points:

Detailed comments

① When most singular countable nouns become plural, add S, that is, if the words end in ch, sh, S, X, etc. , generally add es;

② Except for two people (black people, heroes) and two dishes (tomatoes, potatoes) plus es, other words ending in O generally add S;

3 words ending in f or fe generally change f and fe into ve and then add s;

④ There are some irregular words in English that need special memory, such as child—children, mouse—mouse, deer—deer, sheep—sheep, Chinese—Chinese, ox, man—men, woman—women, foot—foot, tooth—tooth.

Class 02

Second, the usage of the possessive case of nouns.

Shorthand formula

The possessive case of a noun indicates whose it belongs to.

If it is a life word, add "'s'".

There is an s at the end of the word, just choose a comma;

After juxtaposing nouns, each has a * * *,

The former is added separately, and the latter is added finally;

If it is an inanimate possessive word,

The front and back sides must be reversed, which is a hard and fast rule.

Detailed comments

① The possessive case of living nouns generally adds S, but if the noun ends with S, only "'"is added;

(2) When the possessive case of coordinate nouns indicates their respective possessive cases, add "'s" respectively, and if there is one, only add "'s" after the last noun;

If it is an inanimate noun, the possessive case is expressed by of. It should be noted here that their order is different from that of Chinese, and A of B should be translated into A of B.

Class 03

Verb with infinitive as object

Shorthand formula

Three hopes, two promises and two demands, don't refuse;

Try to learn to make a decision, don't pretend to be choosing.

Detailed comments

Three hopes and two promises: hope, desire, want, consent and promise.

Don't refuse two requests: demand, demand and rejection.

Try to learn to make decisions: manage, learn and decide.

Don't pretend to be choosing: choose.

Class 04

4. Verb followed by gerund as object

Shorthand formula

P Mrs. Black lost a beef bag. Mrs. Black lost a beef bag. )

Detailed comments

Each letter in this sentence represents a verb or phrase, and these verbs need gerunds as objects. These verbs are:

M = mind, r = risk, s = success, P = practice, B = busyness, l = expectation, a = admission, c = unbearable, k = persistence, m = miss, I = persistence, s = suggestion, s = stop, e = enjoyment, d = procrastination, a = avoidance.

Class 05

Verb (abbreviation of verb) An infinitive can be omitted when it is used as an object complement.

Shorthand formula

One feeling, two listening, three letting, four looking, and half helping.

Detailed comments

A feeling: feeling;

Listen: listen, listen;

Three concessions: let, let, and have;

Fourth look: see, pay attention, watch and observe;

Semi-help: help.

Class 06

Sixth, the comparative hierarchical usage of adjectives and adverbs

Shorthand formula

1. Comparative grade and grade: the two are even, and the three are the first.

2. Peer comparison: Peer comparison uses prototypes, and as…as never leaves; As … as a plus or minus, it means that they are the same. If not … as, the latter is stronger than the former.

Detailed comments

The comparative degree is usually used with than, and the degree is usually followed by the definite article the;

As … As generally means "like …", so we can't compare who is stronger and who is weaker, while not so…as means that the latter is stronger than the former, which translates as "not as good as …".

Class 07

Seven, the use of antonym questions

Shorthand formula

There are three main rhetorical questions, with opposite predicates;

If this phrase does not appear, it must be abbreviated as habit;

Finally, pay attention to the subject pronouns of short sentences.

Detailed comments

① The interrogative sentence structure should be "affirmative statement+negative question" or "negative statement+positive question";

② In short sentences, not must be abbreviated as do, will, can, etc.

(3) in the short answer, the subject of the question must be a pronoun, not a noun.

Class 08

Usage of exclamatory sentences

Shorthand formula

Exclamation sentences are not difficult, before what and how;

It is easy to emphasize what nouns are used and how others use them.

Detailed comments

What-guided exclamations generally modify nouns, and how-guided exclamations generally modify adjectives, adverbs or sentences.

Class 09

Nine. Usage of object clause

Shorthand formula

Pay attention to the object clause and remember a few things.

A key guiding word, different sentences have different words.

Used to state sentences; The general question is (if, where) whether to replace; Special problems are easier to deal with and guided by interrogative words.

Second, the tense often changes, and the main sentence is different. If the main clause is the present tense, the tense of the clause depends on the meaning; If the main clause is past tense, the tense of the clause moves forward.

Third, the word order should be clearly remembered, and the clauses should always be stated in order.

Detailed comments

Object clause should pay attention to three points:

(1) leading words, statements are generally led by that, then that can be omitted; General interrogative sentences are guided by if or what; Special interrogative sentences are guided by special interrogative words.

(2) Tense, the main clause is the present tense, and the clause can use any required tense; However, if the main clause is tense, the time represented by the clause tense will generally move forward for a period of time.

(3) Word order, the object clause should always use the word order of declarative sentences.