Research on data standard of smart city construction?

Based on the network construction experience of mobile operators, this paper analyzes the repeated construction of information systems in the process of building smart cities, and puts forward some suggestions for the informatization construction of government departments and units at all levels. The standardized interface concept of "northbound interface" is not only suitable for mobile operator networks, but also can bring great reference value to the construction of smart cities, so it is of great significance to carry out relevant research.

Keywords: smart city; Data standard; Internet; Northbound interface; informatization

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In recent years, "Smart City" and "internet plus" have gradually become hot topics for the government, enterprises in related industries and social organizations. From the perspective of the government, the construction of "smart" cities will undoubtedly greatly improve the government's service level and accurate decision-making ability, and reduce the government's operating costs; From the perspective of enterprises, the market related to smart cities is becoming a new cake, and cutting into this market will undoubtedly bring immeasurable influence to the development prospects of enterprises.

1 Smart City Overview

It is precisely because "smart city" is gradually becoming the focus of attention from all walks of life that the definition of smart city has different meanings in the eyes of different followers. At present, the definition of smart city often intersects with the concepts of safe city, digital city, wireless city and low-carbon city. From these different definitions, we can see that different perspectives will lead individuals or units to pay different attention to smart cities. The concept of intersection mentioned above explains the different understandings of smart cities by different subjects from different angles such as public safety, information construction and operational services. In fact, all aspects mentioned above and not mentioned are indispensable parts of the overall smart city construction. Judging from the sponsor's point of view, most of the schemes are feasible operational ideas in a specific direction in the construction of smart cities. This paper focuses on the promotion of "knowledge-based" process from the perspective of national policy. 20 14 On June 23rd, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments 12 decided to list 80 cities in China as national pilot cities for information benefiting the people. In 20 14, the Ministry of industry and information technology started the establishment of national information consumption pilot demonstration cities (counties and districts), and 68 cities were the first batch of national information consumption pilot cities (counties and districts). From this perspective, using information to create value and serving people's livelihood has become a key policy promoted by the state to benefit the people and economic development.

2 smart city construction status

2065438+On August 19, 2005, the Premier presided over the the State Council executive meeting, giving instructions on the development and application of big data, and asking government departments to promote data interconnection and sharing and eliminate information islands. Emphasis is placed on promoting the construction of government big data and creating a healthy big data environment, highlighting three key words: * * enjoyment, openness and security. At the same time, the executive meeting adopted the Action Plan on Promoting the Development of Big Data. At present, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has reached 290 smart cities nationwide, including 20 12 90, 20 14 103, 84 new pilot projects, 3 expanded pilot projects, and 4 1 projects are special smart cities.

2. 1 Policy support

National ministries and commissions have also issued a series of guiding policies: (1) the State Council's National New Urbanization Plan (20 14 ~ 2020); (2) Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of Smart Cities jointly issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and other eight ministries and commissions; (3) Relevant standards and specifications of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on smart city construction; (4) Relevant policy requirements of the State Council, National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Finance on cooperation between government and social capital; (5) DocumentNo. the State Council issued Opinions of General Office of the State Council on Strengthening Service and Supervision of Market Subjects by Using Big Data [2015] 51. The above policies clearly define the idea of promoting the opening of government and social information resources (information exchange within the government and information resources of the whole society), and strengthening and improving market supervision by using big data (credit information exchange platform, product traceability, e-commerce supervision, etc.). ), improve the government's ability to use big data (e-government, information resource management), and actively cultivate and develop socialization. This determines that the construction of smart cities is not only data collection, but also the application of government data should be closely linked with people's livelihood, economy and other factors to create the value of systems and data.

2.2 Construction practice

At the specific operational level, taking the ongoing smart city construction in various places as an example, there are still many problems in the construction process, which leads to the slow progress of the project, the inability to enjoy information and the failure to achieve the expected goals. On the surface, there are three main reasons for these problems: first, the construction of smart cities requires a lot of money, which most local governments cannot completely solve; Second, smart city construction mostly adopts the construction mode of engineering project or system integration project. After the construction unit completes the construction, it has nothing to do with the construction goal, and the government departments need to invest a lot of manpower and financial resources for operation and maintenance, which leads to the embarrassing situation that the transactional work of functional departments has increased for a long time. Third, information security is not perfect. Both network security and data security need to be strengthened in terms of supervision and convenience of physical equipment. But from a longer-term perspective, the issue of data standards is also a key factor restricting the development of smart cities. In the process of "smart city" at this stage, the "construction pilot" and "innovation attempt" initiated by various vertical departments have blossomed, which has promoted the process of government informationization and urban intelligence, but at the same time, it has also caused various systems established by different departments and different lead units to be unable to interconnect and learn from each other's strengths, resulting in the accumulation of big data of all orders of magnitude becoming "superficial".

3 the necessity of establishing data standards

In fact, when the concept of "smart city" has not yet arisen, governments at all levels are constantly trying to improve their management level by using information technology. From the perspective of vertical business processes, many information systems have created great value in their own business fields. However, when city leaders carry out unified smart city planning and top-level design, they will find that the same data collected from different government departments will be very different, not to mention the interconnection of data from different departments. This objective situation will inevitably have a negative impact on the overall process of smart city construction. Unfortunately, the business of the city itself and government departments is inherently diverse, which will inevitably lead to the deployment of different information solutions by different business departments. From this perspective, the current smart city construction may become an opportunity to urge the government and solution providers to promote the classification and selection of relevant information and use it in a structured way across departments. In this process, establishing the standard data model of urban basic elements has become an important basic link. To say the least, it may not be possible to work out a data model that can be accepted by software and hardware manufacturers, system integrators and different government agencies in different smart cities overnight, but all government departments and manufacturers should have a minimum "compatibility" consideration in this respect, so as to avoid repeated construction of government information systems and reduce the workload of "secondary development" of existing systems of manufacturers.

4 data standard construction ideas

On the issue of data standard construction, we can make the following assumptions: the smart city as a whole is a cluster of software and hardware related to information networks, and the scale and complexity of this large network is the closest to the network system of mobile network operators at present. Take mobile network operators as an example: as operators themselves, no matter the group headquarters, provincial companies or even municipal companies, they will not worry that the software and hardware systems they buy (the equipment purchased by operators is generally a combination of software and hardware, that is, the hardware of the same equipment manufacturer and the embedded software running on the hardware come from one manufacturer) cannot be connected with the existing systems. Take TD-SCDMA network as an example, you can purchase and use the UTRAN system of vendor A and vendor B in the network, and access the core network system of vendor C together. Then, are there any similarities between the information systems of governments and units at all levels serving the overall smart city and the mobile operator network? From the information construction of smart cities, this hierarchical system is very similar to the traditional distributed system. For example, the information system at the community and street level should theoretically meet the requirements of information collection at the county level, while the information system at the county level should provide an interface with the system at the city level. But unfortunately, in the current information construction, most interfaces are not clear or even defined. Take the community grid management system as an example to illustrate. At present, many cities in China are promoting the construction of information systems related to community grid management. Generally speaking, the grid system needs to provide information support for comprehensive management organizations at all levels to implement social management. Comprehensive management organizations at all levels can dynamically grasp the basic information such as "people, places, things, things, feelings and organizations" within their jurisdiction through information collection and case (event) circulation, and realize effective service management. Grid system needs to integrate public security, human society, civil affairs, justice, health and family planning, housing construction, education, industry and commerce and other business data, and exchange data to realize the interconnection and sharing of social service governance data resources. For the grid system, the construction of integrated grid information system in many areas started from the district and county units. Take a county-level grid system as an example: from the perspective of specialty to function, the system should meet various interfaces, whether it is application function or opening to the outside world. It meets the requirements of the "9+X" model of central comprehensive management in comprehensive management business, and can realize the seamless connection between the basic elements of "people, land, things, things, feelings and organizations" and "National Social Management Integrated Information System", laying a foundation for future comprehensive management work. From the perspective of the subsequent smart city integration construction, the definition of each data unit in the grid should also meet the requirements of "big information" system docking in the subsequent smart city construction. It is conceivable that if different districts and counties in a city buy completely different grid systems according to their own standards, and there is no unified interface standard for such systems, then the integrated management information platform as small as the city level cannot be opened; Even in the future smart city construction, the existing grid system and urban platform have become standard parallel systems, which is a repeated consumption of government manpower and funds. What is said here is to fully consider the problem of "superior system interface". You can refer to the definition of northbound interface in the mobile operator network: northbound interface is the interface for manufacturers or operators to access and manage the network, that is, the uplink interface. The northbound interface is defined for users to access and manage the network. Users must use the northbound interface to define and develop network management applications at the application layer, so that users can access and manage the network through these applications. In the mobile operator network, each subsystem must consider the standard interface requirements of the superior system, and can realize seamless docking of different vendor systems. For the informatization construction of government departments at all levels, we should also fully consider the requirements of "superior system", avoid repeated construction, maintain the investment in informatization construction, and reduce the complexity of system docking. Therefore, a "northbound interface" is also needed in the construction of smart cities. Establishing a mature smart city standardization system and the interface system of information systems at all levels is a huge system engineering, which may take several years. At this stage, how do we "plan ahead" for information systems under construction or to be built? First, pay more attention to the top-level design of urban intelligent systems and information systems. The urban people's government needs to study and formulate the smart city construction plan from the strategic overall situation of urban development. In the top-level design, it is necessary to clarify the hierarchical relationship of information resources, the data concerned by various commissions from different angles, and the core data content of urban management and development; The second is to consider the socialized development and utilization of large-scale systems after they go online, strengthen information security, and ensure accurate and reliable information.

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