Professional quality education in my country: what is, what is difficult, what should be done

“Cultivating people with moral integrity” is the fundamental task and major mission of higher education. However, in recent years, the development of higher education has increasingly deviated from the original meaning of "cultivating people with moral integrity". Especially in the context of difficulty in finding jobs, higher education has increasingly been obscured by utilitarianism, and its talent training goals have been increasingly weakened and narrowed to employment rates. , vocational ability and other obvious achievements, highlighted by the fact that the lack of professional quality of graduates has increasingly become a shortcoming and bottleneck for the sustainable development of students' careers, and has also increasingly affected the development of the economy and society. In 2015, Professor Yan Guangcai of East China Normal University conducted a large-scale survey of graduates from some colleges and universities across the country who had worked for 1-6 years. The survey showed: "What colleges and universities have obviously insufficiently cultivated is informal abilities. Strictly speaking, the main performance of informal abilities is It is a kind of attitude and quality in dealing with people. The lack of informal abilities reported by graduates after entering professional life stems from the systematic and institutional forgetting of people in education and the original background of education. The higher the academic qualifications and the higher the school level, the weaker the informal ability performance reported by graduates, which generally highlights the reverse logic of 'people' and 'talent' in institutional education. "[1] The author has been visiting graduates in recent years. When conducting follow-up surveys on graduates, we also found that professional quality is the most important employment quality for graduates and employers. It is also considered to play a decisive role in students' adaptation to professional positions and sustainable career development, and needs to be paid attention to. Core qualities. This requires every higher education worker to deeply understand the value of professional quality education, scientifically clarify the connotation and characteristics of relevant concepts of professional quality education, comprehensively examine the difficulties faced by professional quality education in colleges and universities, and actively build a professional quality training system, so as to Effectively fulfill the responsibilities and missions of higher education, return to the original meaning and authenticity of education, and promote the all-round development and lifelong development of people.

1. Treat vocational quality education with a more conscious attitude

Treating vocational quality education with a more conscious attitude is essentially a consideration of the value of vocational quality education. Awareness and awareness of the value of professional quality education. Improving the consciousness of professional quality education requires us to correctly understand the connotation and characteristics of professional quality education, and requires us to deeply recognize the value and significance of professional quality education.

(1) Comprehensively understand the connotation of professional quality and professional quality education

The term "literacy" has been around for a long time. The quality of education and development is called "literacy", which is "usual exercise and education". [2] In this definition, the key words for understanding the connotation of literacy are clearly pointed out: quality, cultivation, education or environmental impact. However, "professional literacy" as a subordinate concept of "literacy" is generally considered to be a relatively new concept with rich connotation and wide extension. Therefore, there are different opinions and no consensus. From the existing literature, there are still different understandings of the concept of professional literacy. , it is still difficult to reach a consensus on the definition of the connotation of professional quality. However, after combing the relevant literature, combined with the understanding of literacy and the follow-up survey of graduates, the author believes that the so-called professional attainment is formed and developed by people under the influence of acquired education or environment, especially the occupational environment, and through professional attainment. A comprehensive series of qualities reflected in activities, generally including professional spirit, professional ethics, professional awareness, professional habits, professional skills, etc., such as: loyalty, dedication, love of work, integrity, pragmatism, cooperation, innovation, learning, etc. . Some researchers combined the "iceberg theory" to divide professional literacy into explicit literacy and implicit literacy. Explicit literacy refers to professional skills, and implicit literacy refers to other things that are needed to complete work tasks in addition to professional skills. Ability traits[3]. Among them, implicit literacy is often overlooked, but it plays a greater role in the development of individuals and organizations.

We can further clarify the connotation of professionalism from the characteristics of professionalism. First, it has distinct nurturing and stability characteristics: professional quality is completely the result of acquired development. Once professional quality is formed, it is often difficult to change, thus becoming a typical and unique quality of an individual.

Second, it has distinct professional and situational characteristics: professional quality is closely related to industry and occupation. Professional quality originates from, develops in, reflects in, and acts on professional activities. Third, it has distinct universality and particularity: professional literacy has significant differences in different industries and occupations. At the same time, some basic literacy has unique requirements in different industries and occupations. Fourth, it has distinct traditions and characteristics of the times: professional quality is not only a historical phenomenon, but also formed through continuous accumulation and accumulation in the process of industry and career development. At the same time, as an organic part of advanced socialist culture, professional quality cannot exist independently of the characteristics of the times. The spirit of the times is an important content and main tone of professional quality. Fifth, it has distinct practicality and endogeneity: professional practice activities are the objective basis for the generation and development of professional quality. Although professional spirit, professional ethics, professional awareness, etc. mostly belong to the scope of the field of consciousness, if they cannot The unity of knowledge and action is obviously unhelpful. At the same time, professional quality can only further promote the development of professional practice through cultivation, experience, practice and continuous internalization and sublimation into individual personality qualities and behavioral habits.

Through the above analysis, it is not difficult for us to see the importance of professionalism as a multi-level, three-dimensional concept to individuals, organizations and the economy and society. Professionalism is an essential element and component of individual core competitiveness. The key factor is the premise and foundation for individuals to be fully employed in a timely manner and achieve sustainable career development; professional quality is also the foundation and necessary condition for organizational and economic and social development.

Based on the above understanding, the author believes that college students’ professional quality education follows the laws of higher education and the laws of professional quality development, based on the physical and mental development characteristics of college students, proactively adapts to the industry and career development situation, and adheres to openness, collaboration, and cooperation. In principle, through multiple dimensions and approaches such as teaching, practice, environment, and culture, the concept of professionalism is integrated into the entire process of talent training and into the entire process of student learning, so that the majority of students can strengthen their professional beliefs, build professional spirit, and Cultivate professional habits, cultivate professional temperament, awaken professional awareness, cultivate both internal and external skills, and promote students' comprehensive lifelong development. The content of professional quality training focuses on the education of implicit professional quality.

(2) Deeply recognize the value of professional quality education

Professional quality education is not only a spiritual link that educates people and puts moral education first, but also embodies the spirit of cultivating people with morality and putting people first. Necessary requirement. The influence of professional quality education on students is subtle, far-reaching and lasting, which determines its ability to "respect people, care for people, unite people, cultivate people, and develop people", and have a profound and lasting impact on people's comprehensive quality and lifelong development. , moisturizing things silently promotes the all-round development of students, maximizing the effect of educating people, maximizing the functional role of moral education first, thereby maximizing the career development of students. At the same time, we need to further understand the relationship between professional quality and people's livelihood. For students, professional quality should be a spiritual inner need, a universal need, and a need that will accompany them throughout their lives. Therefore, we must rely on vocational quality education to relieve students' employment pressure, warm students' beautiful hearts, cultivate students' colorful lives, enrich students' spiritual world, and protect students' cultural rights and interests. We talk about cultivating people with moral integrity, and professionalism should be an important component; we talk about putting people first, and professionalism should be a significant sign; we talk about promoting development, and professionalism should be a necessary measurement criterion.

Professional quality education is not only an important means of cultivating talents in colleges and universities, but also an important goal of cultivating talents in colleges and universities. The proposal of vocational quality education is due to the worrying current situation of students' vocational quality in recent years, which profoundly reflects the marginalization, fragmentation and inefficiency of current vocational quality education. Vocational quality education has become a shortcoming, bottleneck and weak link in talent cultivation in colleges and universities.

Professional quality education strives to break through the current narrow focus on skills in talent training in colleges and universities, and effectively connect talent training and quality development, so as to realize the transformation from "professional skills" to "both ability and political integrity", and from "vocational ability" to "professional quality" "The transformation will maximize the characteristics and advantages of professional quality education in talent cultivation. At the same time, professional quality education cannot be emphasized only as a means and a support. It should become a deeper and higher pursuit of connotation construction and quality improvement in colleges and universities. This is not only a new leap in the understanding of the status, role, and value of professional quality education, but also fully reflects the new historical mission given to colleges and universities by the times, and fully reflects the strategic vision of colleges and universities in talent cultivation.

Vocational quality education is not only an accelerator for the scientific development of the economy and society, but also a new platform for universities to achieve characteristic development. At present, our country's economy and society are in a period of strategic opportunities for economic system transformation and social change. It not only welcomes development opportunities but also faces many contradictions and challenges. College students are the country’s precious human resources and a new force in implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and promoting mass entrepreneurship and innovation. Both economic and social development and organizational development call for high-quality talents with good professional qualities. In-depth development of professional quality education for college students has undoubtedly become an important guarantee for enhancing the country's soft power and promoting the scientific development of the economy and society. At the same time, the development of higher education has also shifted from focusing on quantity and scale to focusing on quality and characteristics. Combining the development positioning of colleges and universities and the training goals of professional talents, promoting professional quality education, creating a characteristic culture of colleges and universities, and cultivating characteristic brands of colleges and universities are not only the internal driving force for realizing the innovative development and characteristic development of colleges and universities, but also the inevitable choice to enhance the competitiveness of colleges and universities.

2. Must do: Analyze vocational quality education from a more objective perspective

Analyzing vocational quality education from a more objective perspective is essentially an understanding and grasp of the current status of vocational quality education practice , is an examination and analysis of the alienation phenomenon of professional quality education, so that we can better shoulder the responsibility and mission of professional quality education and actively build a professional quality cultivation system.

(1) The "subjective understanding" of vocational quality education is still lagging behind, and the consciousness and initiative of vocational quality education need to be further enhanced

The leading cadres of universities and the majority of faculty and staff are in professional development It plays a leading role in quality education, and students are the main body of vocational quality education. At present, both sides have a certain lag in their understanding of professional quality education. Prominent manifestations include: some leading cadres believe that the functions of colleges and universities are professional teaching and scientific research, and regard the cultivation of students' professional qualities as a face-saving project, "it is important to publicize, secondary to implementation, and unnecessary when busy"; some professional teachers believe that professional qualities The cultivation of professional qualities is ideological and political work, which has nothing to do with their own education and teaching, and they are not aware of the role model role of their professional qualities for students; some students regard the cultivation of professional qualities as formalism and even produce rebellious psychology and resistance, and even more Unable to appreciate the important role of professionalism in life development. These understandings directly lead to the marginalization, superficiality and entertainment of vocational quality education, which makes the integration of vocational quality education and the central work of universities not close enough, making it difficult for teachers, students and employees to recognize and internalize it.

(2) The "long-term mechanism" of vocational quality education is not yet complete, and the systematic and holistic nature of vocational quality education needs to be further enhanced

At present, the system of vocational quality education The design and overall promotion need to be further in-depth, highlighted by the lack of long-term and systematic planning for vocational quality education, and a relatively clear timetable and roadmap for carrying out vocational quality education, which directly led to a whirlwind of practice in vocational quality education. Today, Leaving tomorrow has a certain degree of randomness and surprise. The system and mechanism for carrying out vocational quality education need to be further deepened, which is highlighted by the phenomenon that vocational quality education is still disconnected from teaching, management and services. The synergy and atmosphere of vocational quality education have not yet been formed, which directly leads to the phenomenon of "two skins" in the practice of vocational quality education and talent training in colleges and universities, and it is easy to form a situation where various departments in colleges and universities are "in charge of both but not at all".

The off-campus support network for carrying out vocational quality education needs to be further constructed. The current vocational quality education is only limited to narrow campuses and lacks close connections with richer social life, which directly leads to the "isolated island" phenomenon of vocational quality education practice.

(3) There is still room for "practical innovation" in vocational quality education, and the effectiveness and pertinence of vocational quality education need to be further enhanced

Professional quality education can only show strong attraction Power can directly target people's hearts and adapt to the physical and mental development and cultural needs of teachers and students. At present, professional quality education urgently needs to be more effective in terms of two-way interaction between teachers and students, in terms of engaging the brain and the heart, and in integrating knowledge and action; it should reflect the national conditions, school conditions, and student sentiments, and be able to build a brand, inspire people to advance, and warm people's hearts. There are not yet many characteristic practices of horizontal vocational quality education; new methods, new ideas, new approaches, and new projects of vocational quality education that reflect the characteristics of the times, cope with the difficulties of the times, and respond to the hot topics of the times still need to be continuously explored and cultivated; current special topics on the practice of vocational quality education There are many lectures, many theoretical lectures, many slogans, and little practical experience, less classified and hierarchical teaching, and few innovative projects. Therefore, compared with the requirements for the development of higher education and the needs for the healthy growth of college students, professional quality education is Compared with the trend of economic and social development, there is still a large gap, and there is still huge room for the construction of high-quality, distinctive and branded vocational quality education.

3. What can be done: Deepening vocational quality education with a clearer idea

Deepening vocational quality education with a clearer idea is essentially the yearning and pursuit of the connotation development of vocational quality education To realize the self-improvement of professional quality education requires us to scientifically grasp the characteristics and laws of professional quality, and we need to think deeply about the path and carrier of professional quality education.

(1) Systematic planning to enhance the organizational power of vocational quality education

Professional quality education is a complex systematic project and cannot be expected to be implemented casually and unexpectedly with a general call. Achieving overall breakthroughs through comprehensive construction requires systematic design, scientific planning, and active construction. On the basis of in-depth investigation and research on the current situation and problems, all colleges and universities should firmly establish the principle of "taking professional quality education as the guide to carry forward the main theme, using professional quality education as the welfare to benefit the people's livelihood, using professional quality education as the driving force to improve the quality of education, and using professional quality education as the driving force to improve the quality of education." With the construction concept of "education as the goal to promote good development", comprehensively tap resources inside and outside the school, learn and draw on the characteristic experiences and effective practices of other universities, actively formulate development strategies and plans for vocational quality education; propose the theme and main line of vocational quality education, and form The development ideas of vocational quality education, clarify the guiding ideology, goals and tasks, basic principles, content carriers, specific measures, action priorities, supervision and evaluation, etc. of vocational quality education; formulate a clear timetable and road map, and implement effective implementation of vocational quality education Objective management, thereby forming a complete vocational quality education system and framework, systematically constructing a development blueprint for vocational quality education, and promoting the scientific development and connotation development of vocational quality education.

(2) Improve the mechanism and consolidate the development power of vocational quality education

Vocational quality education is a long-term strategic task. Institutional mechanisms govern the fundamentals and the long-term. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and improve operable, comprehensive and standardized institutional mechanisms that are compatible with the construction of the connotation of professional quality education, follow the laws of professional quality development, and conform to the physical and mental characteristics of students. Insert professional quality education throughout the entire process of talent training, penetrate into all areas of talent training, and deploy, implement, and assess together with the central work of universities.

To this end, it is necessary to establish and improve a survey and research mechanism, and insist on conducting cutting-edge research, macro research, theoretical research, application research, comparative research, etc. on the laws of vocational quality education and students' concerns and needs for vocational quality education in the form of topics or projects. Follow-up studies, etc.; it is necessary to establish and improve the organizational guarantee mechanism, further improve the unified leadership of the party committee, the leaders in charge personally take charge, the relevant functional departments are specifically responsible, all departments of the hospital work together to manage, and all faculty and staff actively participate in the work pattern, forming a vertical There is a strong educational synergy with leadership, horizontal communication, arrangements from above, and implementation from below; give full play to the party’s political and organizational advantages, further increase investment in education, and effectively ensure that institutions, personnel, funds, and venues are “in place” ; It is necessary to establish and improve a supervision and evaluation mechanism to evaluate the development status, achievements and existing problems of professional quality education, and conduct regular supervision and inspections. The standards must be scientific, the system must be standardized, the time must be normal, the results must be publicized, and the advanced must be rewarded. , Lagging behind should be punished to promote responsibility and fulfillment of responsibilities.

(3) Improve the system and strengthen the penetration of professional quality education

Professional quality education is a practical process with wide content and rich and diverse channels. Vocational quality education must be carefully discussed The relationship between content, efforts to integrate professional quality education approaches, and always highlight the practicality and innovation of professional quality education, so that it forms an organic whole and produces the best results.

1. Highlight the classroom carrier and continuously improve the professional quality teaching system. Cultivate students' professionalism through precepts and deeds: Through professionalism education required courses, elective courses, special lectures, online courses and other forms, professionalism education will be integrated into all levels of college education, various disciplines and majors, various course categories and talents. The whole process of training; implement classified and hierarchical education, and give full play to the main channel and main position of classroom education. At the same time, the reform of education and teaching is promoted to reflect the depth of education by carefully designing content focusing on "professional quality"; using an interdisciplinary perspective and integrating human resources inside and outside the school to form a teaching team to reflect the breadth of education; using problem analysis, special discussions, practical exploration, etc. Activate students' subjective initiative to enhance the effectiveness of education, thereby solving the problems of "what to say", "who will say it" and "how to say it".

2. Highlight the carrier of activities and continuously improve the professional quality practice system. Cultivate students' professional qualities in practical education: we must seize major events and major time nodes, create multiple situations according to the needs of students at key stages, carry out targeted series of educational activities, and give full play to the role of campus activities in cultivating students' professional qualities. Potential infection and role models enable students to be influenced and educated by the people and things around them. At the same time, we must adhere to the practical orientation of social needs, market needs, and enterprise needs, open the school door, knock down the walls, make full use of two different resources on campus and off campus, and enable students to learn more through practice, internships, and the connotation construction of training bases. During the school period, students are integrated into society, the market, and enterprises in an all-round way to achieve "zero distance" connection between students, employers, and society, and to maximize students' professional qualities.

3. Highlight the cultural carrier and continuously improve the professional quality leadership system. Cultivate students' professional qualities in an atmosphere: Culture is the basic characteristic of a university and the soul of its development. Campus culture has a subtle and profound impact on the development of students' professional qualities, and this impact is unmatched by any course.

Adhere to the establishment of the soul and establish the roots, integrate the "national soul, caring soul, and school soul" into one, guide students to improve their professional quality with core values, industry spirit, and professional style, and vigorously cultivate a spiritual culture with charisma and centripetal force; insist on focusing on "little things" ", pay attention to the "details", start from small and detailed aspects to standardize words and deeds, use colorful campus cultural activities to guide students to improve their professional quality, and strive to promote and display a civilized and fresh behavioral culture; insist on blending and permeating the concept and spirit of professional quality Go to every scene and thing in the campus planning and design, use the rich campus landscape to guide students to improve their professional quality, focus on improving the material culture that highlights individuality and characteristics; persist in efforts to create a strictly standardized, systematic and scientific institutional system, and effectively improve the implementation of the system We should strive to find the best fit between rigid restraint and humanistic care, use every step to cultivate students' will, quality and behavioral habits, and actively improve the institutional culture of combining hardness and softness.

(4) Build a brand and improve the attractiveness of vocational quality education

Professional quality education is an implementation project that pursues and focuses on practical results and must rely on specific project implementation. Therefore, vocational quality education The creation of literacy education programs is very critical. Through the construction of professional quality education projects, students can personally experience and feel that professional quality education is around them, thereby feeling the power of education, appreciating the true meaning of literacy, and consciously accepting the concepts and norms advocated. To this end, colleges and universities should closely focus on the central task and overall goal of cultivating moral character and cultivating people, closely grasp the new characteristics and changes of the contemporary college student population, fully respect and give full play to the pioneering spirit of the majority of faculty and staff, and carefully cultivate professional qualities that highlight the characteristics and conform to the needs of the new generation. The characteristics of teachers and students, the carrier and style of rooting students and serving students, timely summarizing the vivid innovative experiences from teachers and students, forming a project that originates from teachers and students, activities rely on teachers and students, the stage achieves teachers and students, and the results benefit teachers and students Professional quality education atmosphere, thereby continuously enhancing the vitality and vitality of professional quality education. Only by planning more projects that teachers and students like to see and build more projects that directly address people's hearts can we create a good atmosphere, produce more results, and improve the attractiveness of professional quality education.

(5) Build a platform to enhance the driving force of professional quality education

To achieve results, professional quality education must find the right carrier and build a good platform. To this end, colleges and universities should fully mobilize all forces, make full use of resources from all parties, take effective measures, and build a broad platform to support professional quality education.

1. Actively build a network platform: With the development of the times, digital technology and network technology have developed rapidly, which increasingly widely and profoundly affects the study, work and life of teachers and students. It also provides professional quality education Provides new platforms and opportunities. Vocational quality education must pay attention to the use of new media platforms, make full use of new media styles, and use the Internet as a new front for professional quality education.

2. Actively build a base platform: It is necessary to broaden the channels and space for professional quality education, make extensive use of social and industry resources, build an education base, and form a positive interaction mechanism inside and outside the school.

3. Actively build a communication platform, explore the construction of a professional quality communication system through environmental culture, image recognition, behavioral activities, etc., strive to build a professional quality communication system with advanced technology, fast transmission, and wide coverage, and improve professional quality radiation and influence.