A summary of appreciation methods of ancient poetry in senior high school entrance examination

In recent years, poetry appreciation has become the favorite topic in the senior high school entrance examination. To do this kind of test questions, candidates need to master certain methods besides the connotation of poetry. The following is a summary of the appreciation methods of ancient poetry in the senior high school entrance examination, hoping to help everyone!

A summary of appreciation methods of ancient poetry in senior high school entrance examination

First, pay attention to the accumulation of background knowledge of ancient poetry.

This background knowledge mainly includes the poet's life experience, thoughts and feelings, artistic style and so on. Mastering these contents, when we appreciate poetry, we can analyze it differently.

Such as: Li Bai's cynical life, fresh and elegant style; Du Fu's life of worrying about the country and the people and his depressed and frustrated style; Xin Qiji's Anti-Song Jinfu Great Cause is not only magnificent in theme, but also tactful in technique. Wang Wei's poems are subtle and vivid, Bai Juyi's poems are elegant and vulgar, Li Shangyin's poems are beautiful and elegant, Li Yu's poems are decadent and sad but delicate and touching, Ouyang Xiu's poems are beautiful and sad, Liu Yong's poems are touching and sad, Su Shi's poems are bold and unrestrained, Li Qingzhao's poems are graceful and sad, and Lu You's poetry style is unrestrained and beautiful and smooth.

Second, master several commonly used appreciation terms.

1, common artistic conception: quiet and beautiful, quiet and bright, bright and fresh, magnificent and magnificent, majestic and desolate, bleak and desolate, lonely and deserted, etc.

2. Common performance skills:

(1) Rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, contrast, pun, rhetorical question, etc.

(2) Descriptive techniques mainly include: expressing ambition with things, seeing the big from the small, combining static and dynamic, combining virtual and real, associating imagination, combining positive and negative, contrasting and contrasting, expressing emotion by liking the scenery, restraining first and then promoting, symbolizing, rendering, sketching, using allusions and so on.

(3) Lyricism: direct (making clear the meaning, getting to the point, making the finishing point) and indirect (expressing feelings in the scenery, borrowing scenery and expressing feelings).

(4) Language style: Taste the language style of the whole poem, and the words that can be used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, unpretentious, clear and fluent, multi-spoken, gorgeous, euphemistic, concise and vivid, bold and unrestrained, depressed and frustrated. It should be emphasized that when appreciating poetry with these terms, we should not be empty, let alone generalize. Depending on the poem? , according to the different characteristics of each poem, combined with related poems, targeted appreciation.

The third is to accumulate different poetic themes.

According to the different themes of poems, ancient poems can be divided into scenery-writing (lyric) poems, notes (nostalgia) poems, pastoral (landscape) poems, frontier fortress (war) poems and so on.

1, landscape poetry: lyrical description of scenery, emotional attachment to scenery, often used to describe the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers, express love for the motherland, or express leisure, express their noble character.

2. Poetry about nostalgia: Narrating and expressing emotions, expressing personal feelings such as farewell, homesickness, sadness and sense of time through the narration of specific events.

3. Poetry: The poet's chanting of a historical event or historical figure has generally been integrated into the poet's unique views, praising people with history, governing history with history, and comparing history with today.

4. Poetry about things: The main feature is to express one's ambition through things. In this kind of ancient poetry? Things? Many of them have specific meanings. For example, peach blossom symbolizes beauty, peony is precious, and sunny flowers mean falling. Different images have different connotations.

5. Pastoral poetry: writing about rural life and landscapes, Tao Yuanming was the pioneer of pastoral poetry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xie Lingyun was the originator of pastoral poetry in the Southern Dynasty, and pastoral poetry schools were formed in the Tang Dynasty, mainly including Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Chu Guangxi.

6. Frontier poems: describing frontier life and ethnic contradictions. Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling and Wang Zhihuan are the representatives of this kind of poems.

Fourth, master common allusions and images.

The frequent use of allusions in ancient poetry can not only make the language of poetry concise, but also increase the richness of content, increase the vividness and implicitness of expression, and achieve concise and thought-provoking results.

You must master as much as possible after contact and common sense. Like what? Wu Lingren rotten ke Lian Po old? Wait a minute. Some common images in ancient poems have specific uses, such as those commonly used in farewell poems? Liu Yue? What are the common images of expressing sadness and writing hate? Running water and spring rain? Such as images, are often used to express ideas? Wild goose and red bean? Wait, show the common usage of festivals? Cynthia Meiju? Wait a minute.

High score strategy of ancient poetry in senior high school entrance examination

Curriculum standard requirements

1. Read excellent poems, pay attention to experience emotions when reading, and recite 50 excellent poems (paragraphs).

2. Read ancient poems, and consciously improve your appreciation ability and aesthetic taste through accumulation, comprehension and application.

3. Evaluate students' reading of ancient poems and simple classical Chinese, focusing on the process of students' memory and accumulation.

Description of examination outline

Memorize 48 ancient poems and 24 famous sentences that are required to recite classical Chinese texts according to the Chinese teaching syllabus of Guangdong Province. (memory)

Description of the problem score

1. The number of questions is 5 small questions, *** 10.

2. If there are too many mistakes, 0.5 points will be deducted for each small question that omits 1 word until the score of the small question is deducted.

Examination questions scanning in recent years

1.(20 16. Guangdong) dictation of ancient poems.

(1) Xia Zi said: erudite and steadfast, word of mouth, benevolence is among them. ? (Analects of Confucius) (1)

(2) word of mouth, if the mountain flies. (Mulan Poetry) (1)

(3) Word of mouth, word of mouth. Around, the sound of the horn sounded, thousands of miles away, and the long smoke closed.

(4) Liu Yuxi used it in "The First Meeting of Yangzhou to Enjoy Lotte"? Word of mouth? Word of mouth?

This poem shows that new things will eventually replace old things. (2 points)

(5) Please write Bai Juyi's spring outing in Qiantang River completely. (4 points)

Word of mouth.

Word of mouth.

I like the beautiful scenery on the east bank of the West Lake best, and I haven't seen enough, especially the white sand levee under the Liu Yin of Lvyang.

2.(20 15? Guangdong) dictation of ancient poems.

(1), word of mouth. The so-called Iraqis are in the water. (The Book of Songs? Jia Jian (1)

(2) the trip to the sun and the moon, if it is out; Word of mouth, if it comes out. (Cao Cao sees the sea) (1 min)

(3) The sentences describing the happiness of the elderly and children in Taohuayuan are passed down from mouth to mouth. (2 points)

(4) Word of mouth, word of mouth, Tongguan Road. (Zhang, "Alpine sheep? Tongguan Nostalgia ") (2 points)

Complete the dictation of Wang Wei's My Retreat in Zhongnanshan. (4 points)

After middle age, I had a strong sense of kindness and didn't settle in the border of Mount Zhongnan until my later years. Word of mouth. Word of mouth. Occasionally, I met a village elder in the Woods, and I often forgot to go home when chatting with him.

3.(20 14? Guangdong) dictation of ancient poems.

(1) People can change after passing the test. They keep saying what they want, which means that colors come from sounds, and then metaphors come from sounds. (two chapters of Mencius) (1 min)

(2) Under the blue mountain, we meandered forward and passed on word of mouth. Word of mouth, no wind stirs my lonely sail. (Wang Wan's "The next berth on the North Fort Mountain") (2 points)

(3) word of mouth, fifty strings are turned over the Great Wall, and the battlefield is in autumn. (Xin Qiji's broken array) (1 min)

(4) In "Returning to the Garden (3)", Tao Yuanming's sentence of going out early and returning late to show his leisure mentality is:

Word of mouth. (2 points)

(5) Write Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Long Biaoyao had this letter". (4 points)

Word of mouth.

Word of mouth.

4.(20 13? Guangdong) dictation of ancient poems.

(1) The ragged shepherd's purse was picked from left to right. My fair lady, word of mouth. The Book of Songs (1)

There is no choice but to spend it. The fragrant path in the small garden lingers alone. (Huanxisha by Yan Shu) (1 min)

(3) Word of mouth, the trees are beautiful and shady, the wind and frost are noble and clean, and word of mouth, four o'clock in the mountains. (Ouyang Xiu's Drunk Pavilion) (2 points)

(4) In "Cottage Broken by Autumn Wind", the poem that reflects the poet's concern for others and the world is:

Word of mouth, word of mouth! (2 points)

(5) Complete Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang by dictation. (4 points)

Gushan Temple is in the north of Jiating West, and the water surface is flat at the foot of the cloud. Word of mouth.

Word of mouth. I like the beautiful scenery on the east bank of the West Lake best, and I haven't seen enough, especially the white sand levee under the Liu Yin of Lvyang.

Reference answer

1.(20 16. (Guangdong) (1) Ask questions and think carefully. (2) Wan Li went to Rongji. (3) Hengyang geese with different scenery were stuffed in Qiu Lai without paying attention. (4) The diseased trees before passing by on the sunken ship. (5) Several early songbirds competed for warm trees. Whose new swallow pecks at the spring mud, and the scattered flowers gradually become attractive.

2.(20 15? (Guangdong) (1) The white dew is unclear. (2) The stars are brilliant. (3) The yellow hairs hang down and enjoy themselves. (4) The peaks and mountains are like waves, like anger. (5) The stars come to beautiful places. This is all I have. I will walk until the water checks my way, and then sit alone and watch the rising clouds.

3.(20 14? (Guangdong) (1) Trapped in my heart, think twice before you leap. (2) My boat and I walked along the green water until the river bank widened at low tide. (3) We barbecued 800 miles away in the morning. (4) We cleaned up the garbage and took the moon to the lotus hoe. (5) Huayang landed, crying and smelling the dragon crossing the five streams. I sent my troubles and the bright moon to the west with the wind.

4.(20 13? (Guangdong) (1) Friends of Qin Sai (2) The return of Yan seems familiar (3) The fragrance of the wild disappears, and the water comes out (4) People in Meilou smile like flowers (5) Early birds compete for warm trees, new birds peck at spring mud flowers, and shallow grass gradually wants to be charming, without horseshoes.

The rules and regulations of fate

Type of examination questions

Direct dictation and comprehension dictation

Propositional law

(1) Examination scope: articles specified in the syllabus (48 articles +24 articles).

② Question type: The score is 10, and there are five small questions, which are divided into direct description, understanding and use of dictation, with direct dictation as the main part and understanding and use of dictation as the auxiliary part.

③ Frequently tested sentences: famous sentences such as topic sentences, key sentences, lyrical sentences, argumentative sentences, descriptive sentences, philosophical sentences and whole poems containing such sentences. Give attention to both poetry and prose, focusing on poetry. The whole poem or complement is mainly quatrains and metrical poems.

④ Scoring standard: 0.5 points will be deducted for every mistake, omission and extra word, until the scores of minor items are deducted.

⑤ Pay attention to the trend: break the practice of not retaking the exam within three years and focus on the poems that have not been tested.

mock test

1. Write ancient poems silently according to the text. (10 point)

(1), let my muddy sail sail straight across the deep sea. (Li Bai's "Hard to Walk")

(2) , 。 The most important benefit is that the spring of the year is full of smoke and willow. (Han Yu's "Giving Eighteen Members to Zhang Shui Department in Early Spring")

(3) Confucius said: It is dangerous to think without studying. ? (Ten Analects of Confucius)

(4) In Yan Shu's Huanxisha? , 。 ? It reflects that the disappearance of good things is often accompanied by the reappearance of good things, and shows the poet's subtle emotions of disappointment and a little relief.

(5) Dictation of Meng Haoran's A Letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang.

Autumn water rises, almost blends with the shore, and water and sky are mixed with the sky. , 。 , 。 Sitting around watching others go fishing hard in the river, you can only envy the fish caught in the fish.

2. Write ancient poems silently according to the text. (10 point)

(1), the long river falls in yen. (To the Fortress by Wang Wei)

(2) Why not have a slight frost on the temples? , ? (Su Shi, "Jiangchengzi? Hunting in Michigan)

(3) The sky and clouds, as well as mountains and water, are all white. ("Zhang Wei? Snow in Wanghu Pavilion ")

4 the book of songs? The famous sentence related to the dove bird in Guanju is:? , 。 ?

(5) Complete Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden (Part II)" by dictation.

I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas. , 。 , 。 It's not a pity to get my clothes wet, but I hope I won't go against my will.

3. Write ancient poems silently according to the text. (10 point)

( 1) ? The heavy snow hindered the horse's progress. (Han Yu's "Moving Left to Lan Guan to Show Grandnephew's Item")

(2) , 。 Layers of white clouds, cleaning the gully on the chest; The flat bird flew into the eye socket. (Du Fu's "Wang Yue")

(3) the policy is not based on its own way. (Han Yu "Ma Shuo")

(4) The tragic and harsh sentence of ten years of military life in Mulan Poetry is:? , 。 ?

(5) Complete the dictation of Luyou Shanxi Village.

Don't laugh at farmhouse music brewing in muddy and muddy months. In the harvest moon, the dishes for guests are very rich. , 。 , 。 In the future, if you can go out in the moonlight, I will knock on your door with my cane at any time.

4. Write ancient poems silently according to the text. (10 point)

(1) Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water. (Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao)

(2) , 。 I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer. (Bai Juyi's "Looking at Wheat Cutting")

(3), and then decline, three and tired. I'm exhausted and I'm redundant, so I'll get over it. (Cao Gui Debate)

(4) Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang River describes the spring scenery from the perspective of bird activities:

? , 。 ?

(5) Dictate Du Mu's Bo Qinhuai.

, 。 , 。

5. Write ancient poems silently according to the text. (10 point)

(1) Pick chrysanthemums under the east fence. (Tao Yuanming Drinking (Part 5))

(2), the ancient road west wind thin horse. (Ma Zhiyuan, The Clear Sand? Qiu Si ")

(3) I am dressed in cloth, and I am bent on Nanyang, and I don't want Wenda to be a vassal. (Zhuge Liang's "Model")

(4) "Winter Snow and Spring Flowers Bloom" in "Bai Xuege Farewell to the Field-Secretary Wu Comes Home" is an eternal famous sentence:? , 。 ?

(5) Dictate Du Mu's Red Cliff.

, 。 , 。

6. Write ancient poems silently according to the text. (10 point)

(1), trees and grass turn green again. (Du Fu's "Spring Hope")

There are hundreds of fish in the pond. (Liu Zongyuan's Little Stone Pond)

(3) Where to see China? , ? The Yangtze River stretches as far as the eye can see. (Xin Qiji, Nanxiangzi? Gu Beiting is pregnant ")

(4) Wen Tianxiang's Crossing the Zero Ocean is a famous sentence that expresses the poet's lofty patriotic feelings and loyalty to national integrity.

⑤ Write Zhao Shixiu's "Guest" from memory.

, 。 , 。

7. Write ancient poems silently according to the text. (10 point)

(1) Cancel Sai Han. (To the Fortress by Wang Wei)

(2), in the river continent. (The Book of Songs? Guan Yu ")

(3) The orchid buds below the mountain are short-dipped in the stream. (Su Shi's "Huanxisha")

(4) "Ailian Shuo" describes the image of lotus in both form and spirit, in which the noble words of lotus are used to describe a gentleman who is neither in cahoots with the dirty world wind nor arrogant. , 。 ?

(5) Complete Liu Yuxi's "The First Meeting in Yangzhou" by dictation.

The mountains were desolate and silent for twenty-three years. , 。 , 。 Today, I listen to you sing a song and have a glass of wine to entertain me.

8. Write ancient poems silently according to the text. (10 point)

I met her a long time ago, but it's been longer since we broke up. (Li Shangyin's Untitled)

(2) , 。 The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance. (Xin Qiji's "Xijiang Moon")

(3) The moss marks on the stage are green. (Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room Inscription")

(4) On the occasion of parting, I wrote a song "Bai Xuege" for friends who returned to Beijing to bid farewell to Tian Shuji who returned to Beijing. I haven't seen you in the winding mountain road, leaving only a row of horseshoe prints. ? Show reluctance. Farewell to the governor who went out of Shu and friends who entered Sichuan. , 。 ? It is full of free and easy and broad-minded.

(5) Li Shangyin's Short Message to Friends in the North on a Rainy Night.

, 。 , 。

9. Write ancient poems silently according to the text. (10 point)

(1) reports to you on the golden platform. (Li He's Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing)

(2) The river winds through the wilderness. (Li Bai's "Seeing Friends Off at Jingmen Ferry")

(3) This matter is ancient and difficult. (Su Shi's "Water Tune")

(4) Fan Zhongyan experienced ups and downs and was demoted several times, but he always took the world as his responsibility, worried about the country and the people, pleaded for the people, and practiced what was said in The Story of Yueyang Tower? , 。 ? Ambitious.

(5) Complete Li Shangyin's Untitled by dictation.

I met her a long time ago, but it has been longer since we broke up. The east wind is blowing and a hundred flowers are blooming. , 。

, 。 There are not many roads to Pengshan. Oh, bluebirds, listen! -Give me what she said! .

10. Write ancient poems silently according to the text. (10 point)

(1), let my muddy sail sail straight across the deep sea. (Li Bai's "Hard to Walk")

(2) If you keep cutting, you will be confused, which means leaving sorrow. (Li Wei's "Hui Huan")

(3) The description of Taohuayuan is:? , 。 ?

(4) , ! Wind and rain are as calm as mountains. (Du Fu's "Cottage Broken by Autumn Wind")

(5) Li Shangyin's Short Message to Friends in the North on a Rainy Night.

, 。 , 。

Reference answer

1. One day I will ride the wind and waves.

(2) The sky street is light and crisp, and the grass color is near and not far.

(3) Learning without thinking is useless.

(4) There is nothing to do, Yan returns, deja vu.

(5) There is another mist coming out of Yun and Meng valleys, which has been surrounding Yueyang City. I want to cross the water to find boats and paddles. This sacred home age is really shameful.

2.( 1) The desert is lonely and straight.

(2) When will Feng Tang send it?

③ Rime and Rime

(4) My Fair Lady is a good gentleman.

(5) In the morning, dispose of the garbage and take the lotus home. The path covered with vegetation, the dew at night wet my clothes.

3.( 1) Where is the home of Yunheng Qinling?

(2) The creator has endowed all mysterious natural grace here, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. ..

(3) You can't make the best use of what you eat, but what you say can't be meaningful.

(4) the north wind spreads gold, and the cold light shines iron clothes.

(5) There is no doubt about mountains and rivers, and there is another village. Xiao Gu followed the Spring Club, and his clothes were simple and ancient.

4.( 1) And Nautilus Island is a nest of sweet grass.

(2) It is full of rustic heat, and the back is baked by the sun.

(3) Fighting requires courage. read from beginning to end without stopping

(4) Several early warblers compete for warm trees, and new swallows peck at spring mud.

(5) The smoke cage is full of sand in the cold month, and Qinhuai Restaurant is at night. Business women don't know how to hate this country, but they still cross the river singing backyard flowers.

5.( 1) See Nanshan leisurely.

(2) Dead vines and old trees are faint crows, and small bridges are flowing.

Risk one's life in troubled times

(4) Like the strong wind in spring, the petals of ten thousand pear trees are blown open at night.

(5) The halberd has not been sold yet, so it will be washed by the previous dynasty. If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid the outcome will be Cao Cao's victory and Er Qiao's detention in Tongquetai.

6.( 1) Although the country is divided, mountains and rivers remain forever.

(2) If there is nothing to swim.

(3) The striking Gu Bei Building. How many things have risen and fallen in history?

(4) Since ancient times, people who have never died in life have left history in their hearts.

(5) It rains at home in Huangmei season, and frogs are everywhere in the grass pond. It's past midnight, and the invited guests haven't come yet. I tapped the chess piece bored and shook the wick of an oil lamp out of a knot.

7.( 1) Returning geese to the lake.

(2) Guan Guanluo dove

(3) There is no mud on the sand road between the pines, and the rain is falling at dusk.

(4) If you don't touch the mud, you won't be evil.

(5) Homesickness is empty, and going to the countryside is like rotten ke. On one side of the boat, Qian Fan races; Leading the sick tree, every tree meets the spring.

The east wind has started and a hundred flowers are blooming.

(2) The bright moon surprises magpies, and the breeze sings cicadas at midnight.

(3) the grass color enters the curtain.

(4) Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The children are holding towels.

(5) When you ask about the return date, the rain rises in the autumn pool. When * * * cut the candle at the west window, he talked to the rain at dusk.

9.( 1) Take Yulong to hell.

The end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain

(3) people have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of rain and shine.

(4) Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later.

(5) In spring, silkworms will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night. In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror, but she challenged the cold of moonlight with her evening song.

10. One day I will ride the wind and waves.

(2) especially the general taste in my heart.

(3) The fragrant grass is delicious and colorful.

I will freeze to death alone when I suddenly see this house!

(5) When you ask about the return date, the rain rises in the autumn pool. When * * * is cutting candles at the west window, it's raining late.