Life-oriented teaching of primary school exercises under the guidance of new curriculum standards

"Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out that "Chinese curriculum should be devoted to the formation and development of students' Chinese literacy" and "writing ability is the comprehensive embodiment of Chinese literacy". The importance of composition teaching is self-evident. However, most pupils are afraid of writing, and teachers are also afraid of teaching composition.

First, the composition is difficult, but where is the difficulty?

The first is the problems existing in the teaching staff:

1. Writing instruction is stylized. Each composition instruction course is ABCD, from topic examination to conception, from material selection to expression, with the same items and fixed procedures.

2. Failing to grasp the requirements and characteristics of composition teaching in primary schools as a whole, ignoring the stage and continuity of composition teaching in primary schools, with generally high requirements and failing to follow the principle of gradual composition teaching, thus achieving little effect.

The new curriculum standard has specific requirements for composition teaching in primary schools:

The writing requirements for lower grades are:

(1) Interested in writing, write what you want to say.

(2) Willing to use words learned from reading and life in writing.

(3) Learn to use simple punctuation marks according to the needs of expression. Teachers in lower grades should also attach importance to students' writing training and cultivate their interest in homework from an early age. Starting from next semester, teachers in lower grades will also correct students' compositions for reference. )

The homework requirements of middle school students are:

(1) Pay attention to the things around you, be willing to express in writing, and enhance the self-confidence of exercise.

(2) Be able to write down what you see, feel and imagine in an informal way, and pay attention to what you find novel and interesting or most impressive and moving.

(3) I am willing to read my homework to others and share the happiness of writing homework with others.

(4) Try to use your accumulated language materials in practice, especially fresh words.

(5) Learn to correct words and phrases with obvious mistakes in practice.

The requirements for advanced tasks are:

(1) Cognition exercises are for self-expression and communication with others.

(2) Develop the habit of observing things around you, consciously enrich your knowledge, cherish your unique feelings and accumulate practice materials.

(3) Can write simple factual composition and imaginary composition, with substantial content and true feelings. According to the needs of the expression of exercise content, it can be expressed in sections. Learn to write reading notes and common practical articles.

(4) Revise the exercises, and actively communicate the revisions with others to make the sentences fluent. If the teacher's requirements for exercise teaching are not clear, and the students can't be trained step by step according to their age and psychological characteristics in teaching, it will cast a shadow on students' psychological writing.

3. The composition teaching guidance is too detailed, resulting in the phenomenon of students' one-sided composition. As soon as the teacher gives a composition instruction class and a model essay, or takes pains to give guidance, including how to start, how to write more specifically and vividly in the middle, and how to end, he explains it in detail and emphasizes it repeatedly. As a result, the more detailed the teacher's guidance, the more restricted the students' thinking, the more afraid they are of crossing the line in the writing process, and the articles they write will inevitably be the same. Therefore, it is best for Mr. Luo from the Institute of Education not to spend more than 20 minutes in the sports guidance class.

Secondly, students have problems:

1. Incorrect attitude towards learning composition. Most students are afraid of difficulties at the beginning of practice, but they are not good at observing and accumulating in daily life. In composition training, we often take the following measures: editing: editing something unrealistic and never done; Copy: copy some selected excellent compositions; Imitation: imitation, the same thing, just changed the word; Recite: Recite the excellent composition during the exam and write it on the test paper. These self-proclaimed "simple and effective" methods. In the long run, it will inevitably stagnate.

2. Every little makes a mickle, and life is lacking. Many students have not formed the habit of reading extra-curricular books, do not pay attention to reading and reciting, accumulate less vocabulary and lack language. The article is empty and boring, as light as water. Without learning to observe life, there is nothing worth writing down in their eyes. Even if there is, I don't know how to write it, because I'm not impressed with the process. Will not express the true feelings of the heart, so the articles written can only be some empty and monotonous running accounts.

First of all, teachers should establish a correct concept of exercise teaching.

1. Highlight the noumenon: Chinese curriculum standards point out that communicating with people in language is composition. Experiencing one thing, seeing one thing and writing it down is a composition. Therefore, teachers should make students understand that composition is not mysterious at all, as long as they can say and write, they will write. Composition is the need of life itself and an indispensable item in life.

2. Return to life: Writing is to recall life. Therefore, the composition requires truthfulness and truth-seeking, and requires students to tell the truth. Teachers should guide students to consciously observe and accumulate life in daily life. With the accumulation of life, students have developed interest and enthusiasm for composition. On this basis, a good article can be written with proper guidance.

3. Free personality: "Chinese Curriculum Standards" requires: "Reduce the constraints on students' writing and encourage students to express freely and creatively. Teaching practice has proved that only when students can truly "freely express" can they "express their feelings" and "creatively express". Therefore, students should be guided to write down what they think and say freely in composition teaching. Long words, short words, express real life with childlike innocence, and express your true feelings.

4. Combination of reading and writing: Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "Reading and writing are behaviors of life, and all behaviors must form habits." Reading focuses on "absorption" and composition focuses on "talking". Reading and writing are like clouds in the sky. Therefore, only by allowing students to read more books and pay attention to accumulation in reading can accumulation be thin.

Second, the concept has changed, so what is the effective strategy of Chinese exercise teaching in primary schools under the new curriculum standard?

Composition teaching in primary schools should start with cultivating writing interest, open up two channels, distinguish three stages and do a good job in three trainings, so that composition teaching in primary schools can form a scientific training process and solve difficult problems in composition teaching.

1. Pay attention to stimulate interest in homework and change "I want to write" to "I want to write".

Zankov, an educator in the former Soviet Union, said: "Only in the atmosphere where students are in high spirits, constantly demanding upward, and want to express their unique ideas, can thoughts, feelings and words that enrich students' compositions be produced. "It can be seen that interest is the internal motivation to improve students' writing ability. When students are interested in writing, they will take the initiative to write happily. How to cultivate students' interest in writing?

(1) Exercise teaching should open students' thinking.

A big reason why students are afraid of writing is that they don't know what to write and have no way to start. As the saying goes, "a clever woman can't cook without rice." Therefore, in the exercise tutoring class, the teacher's primary task is to open his mind, set the situation, stimulate the imagination, and let every student have an impulse to write and a longing mentality. In this way, composition becomes a pleasure, not a burden. It is a shortcut and a law to guide students' composition with "going into the water" text. Teaching hydrology can not only give students a good demonstration, but also let teachers know where they will encounter difficulties by writing hydrology. With this sensitivity, they can see more accurately when guiding students to write, and it is easy to wake them up.

(2) Students enjoy the success of the composition.

One of the psychological factors inducing writing motivation is "the joy of gaining honor and interests". Therefore, teachers should have a pair of discerning eyes, be good at catching the highlights in students' compositions in time, and appreciate them without stint, even a sentence or a fragment, so as to enhance students' self-confidence in their compositions. Children are not deeply involved in the world and their social and cultural level is not high. There may be some childish and ridiculous words or personalized expressions in the expression. Teachers should have a tolerant heart, learn to "squat down" to feel the things around them, think about problems from the perspective of children, and evaluate students' compositions.

In addition, we should guide students to conduct "sunshine evaluation", learn to appreciate the good articles of peers, learn to encourage peers with warm language, and let students enjoy the surprise and fun of successful composition in mutual appreciation.

2. Writing teaching in primary schools should open up two channels,

Learn composition from reading.

Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "Usually, when writing a composition, you have a pocket of savings in your chest. When it comes to writing, it is natural to take it out. " Therefore, reading more and getting "writing examples" from reading is the essence of composition teaching. In fact, the ability to choose words and make sentences, lay out articles, observe things and analyze things also depends largely on reading. Therefore, in the teaching process, we attach great importance to the rescue and demonstration role of reading teaching in composition teaching.

Texts are examples of writing. Through the observation, study and application (active imitation) of excellent model essays, students can get inspiration from the "prototype" of the author's creative ideas, gain regular writing knowledge, gain the accumulation of language and language sense, and find crutches and dependence for students' writing. "Reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "familiarizing yourself with 300 Tang poems, and singing even if you can't write poems" are the portrayal of the transfer from reading and learning to writing and reading and writing. Therefore, composition teaching should correctly handle the relationship between reading and writing, grasp the combination of reading and writing, and work hard on accumulation. First of all, we should cooperate closely with reading teaching, consciously insert composition guidance in reading teaching, so that students can learn to write from reading, "learn the method of the author observing things, analyzing things, leaving words and making sentences, connecting sentences into paragraphs and connecting paragraphs into articles"; Secondly, we should guide students to dabble in extracurricular reading, experience writing style, understand and learn from different writing skills; Third, while accumulating writing knowledge, pay attention to guiding students to appreciate and refine beautiful words and phrases, establish a "language treasure house", accumulate a sense of language and accumulate language.

(2) Learning composition from life

"Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out: "Writing teaching should be close to students' reality, make students easy to write and be willing to express, guide students to pay attention to reality, love life and express their true feelings. "

Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "Life is like a source, and articles are like a stream. The source is abundant and inexhaustible, and the stream naturally flows. " The extension of homework is equal to the extension of life, and where there is life, there is a source of writing. Therefore, teachers should actively explore the practice resources in life, provide students with a life experience environment, and guide students to write down what they have seen, heard, thought or experienced personally. And often organize some practical activities, so that students can get real emotional experience in the activities and accumulate writing materials in the experience, which provides a writing basis for telling the truth, telling the truth and telling the truth.

3. Gradually distinguish three stages.

Composition training from writing sentences, words to writing fragments to writing a composition, from easy to difficult, step by step.

4. Highlight three kinds of training to improve exercise ability

In the process of composition, we should emphasize the training of observation, thinking and expression, and combine them for training.

observe

"Chinese Curriculum Standard" emphasizes that exercises should "cultivate the habit of observing things around, consciously enrich their knowledge and accumulate exercise materials". Therefore, teachers should correctly guide students to form a good habit of observing and thinking about life, and use a pair of discerning eyes to capture the materials that can be used in life for my use.

think

In order to improve children's language expression ability and develop conscious image activities, we must attach importance to cultivating children's imagination in teaching. Train children to look at pictures, talk and write, guide them to practice visualizing abstract words, continue to write stories after reading, or speculate on the development of things, or start writing exercises according to certain paragraphs, or compile the contents expressed in the text into plays and sketches, and so on.

Expression ability

In the practice of composition teaching, we all have the experience that any typical materials, profound thoughts and ingenious ideas must be expressed through the communication tool of language. The effect of language expression is directly related to the quality of children's composition. In order to improve children's ability to express their thoughts in language and effectively help them overcome the difficulty of externalizing their thoughts into oral and written words, we should explore the psychological generation process and characteristics of children's oral expression.

5. Pay attention to job evaluation:

The main function of evaluation is encouragement and guidance, with emphasis on encouragement.

The ability to correctly evaluate, reward and punish is another important teaching ability that Chinese teachers must have. Teachers should correctly use rewards and punishments when evaluating and correcting children's compositions, so that successful people can have a sense of accomplishment, enhance their self-confidence, let insufficient people understand their own shortcomings, and stimulate their needs and desires for correction.

Mr. Yuan, a famous contemporary primary school Chinese teaching expert and chairman of the National Primary School Chinese Teaching Research Association, took over a class and found that there was a student in the class with active thinking but scrawled handwriting. Because there are too many typos, his composition is incomprehensible, and his composition results are naturally always failing. Through a series of typos, Mr. Yuan discovered the advantages of this student's active thinking and true content. In order to promote good stop loss, Yuan Lao personally read the students' articles in the class evaluation. The passionate, cadenced voice showed the advantages of the article, and warm applause rang out in the classroom. The student was shocked and had confidence in his composition. After several months of persistence, the whole class treated him with curiosity, and the student's interest in composition became stronger and stronger. At the same time, Yuan Lao can post the good compositions of other students on the wall for exhibition, but he can't, because there are many typos and graffiti. As a result, he gradually developed the need to write carefully and get rid of typos from his heart. In this way, after half a year's efforts, the student finally jumped to the second place in the class composition.

6. Cultivate students to revise their compositions

Revising homework is an important means to improve writing level. The right belongs to the students, and the teacher should not exceed his authority. It is not uncommon for some teachers to change students' compositions beyond recognition. This result will not only fail to improve students' writing level, but also make students lose confidence in writing, resulting in counterproductive results. Therefore, every revision of homework should be student-oriented. First, we should teach students some revision methods and encourage them to revise their compositions repeatedly by some incentives. Praise and reward students for every revision, sincerely appreciate and praise their progress, and let them revise their works with a positive attitude. Every time I correct students' compositions, I always use the form of face-to-face criticism, and with a friend's attitude, I put forward suggestions on the main problems existing in students' exercises, so that students can make corrections themselves.

There are many ways to guide students to revise their own compositions, and the most common one is "example revision". The guiding method of "demonstration revision" is to select a composition with * * * problems in students' composition as an example of revision. Teachers guide students to read, find out problems according to the requirements of composition training, and put forward suggestions for revision. Then the teacher demonstrated in class, using symbols to adjust, delete, add and modify the composition, so that students can understand how to modify the composition. This method is more suitable for guiding students to revise beginners' compositions.

This method is to select one or two "model essays" containing "* * *" questions according to the key requirements of a composition training, guide the whole class to discuss with each other, and modify the "model essays" in a "cooperative" way, so that all students can gain the knowledge, experience and methods and skills to modify the model essays.

Another way to guide "sample revision" is to select the better articles in students' compositions as sample articles, and the teacher will guide the whole class to analyze their advantages and disadvantages collectively, and then let the students find out the faults against their own compositions before making corrections.

The guidance methods that our teachers often use are:

1. Self-evaluation and self-correction. Ask students to read it at least twice after writing, and pay attention to correcting typos and punctuation; Choose your words carefully, correct sentences that are not fluent, and delete unnecessary words, words, sentences and paragraphs.

2. Evaluate each other and change each other. Refers to students at the same table exchanging exercises, evaluating and correcting.

3. Focus on comments. Make oral comments on the composition in a group or class.

4. Group approval and group reform are mainly to solve problems worthy of attention. The way to do this is to scribble or print representative articles with slides, so that students can revise them themselves after reading them, and then talk about the revision opinions. Before commenting, teachers should put forward clear requirements; When commenting, students can speak freely, express their opinions according to the requirements of commenting, affirm their achievements, point out their shortcomings and put forward suggestions for revision.

5. The "dial-up modification" is also a common method. Usually, when reviewing the composition in the whole class, according to the requirements of this composition, mark the places that need to be revised in the students' composition with symbols. In class, the problems in this composition are reviewed as a whole, and sometimes they are summarized into several points and written on the blackboard. Then guide the students to read and check their compositions according to the requirements of the composition, think about the symbols drawn by the teacher, refer to the opinions of the teacher, and use their brains to modify themselves.

6. There is also a guidance method of "repeated revision", which is also a common method used by teachers, that is, guiding students to read and revise the compositions written by students before. With the growth of students' knowledge and ability, looking back at the composition revision some time ago, we will certainly find new problems and put forward new suggestions for revision. This method is conducive to cultivating students' ability to modify their own articles. Students are also very interested.

One more thing, I think we should also pay attention to guiding students to revise their compositions step by step. Every time I instruct students to revise their compositions, it is impossible to find out all the faults and correct them. We should consider the key requirements of each composition training and determine the key points of each study and revision. Train a little at a time, such as correcting typos, ill sentences and misuse, the article is unclear in level, the writing is not specific, and the article has no center.

Chinese curriculum standards avoid the word "composition", which is called "writing" in the lower grades and "practice" in the middle grades, and emphasize that primary school students should be "interested in writing, willing to express themselves in words, and able to write down their experiences, feelings and imaginations in an informal way". In short, in exercise teaching, teachers should first "deliberately train" less and "moisten things quietly" more. Cultivating students' interest in writing is the most critical. Teachers should carefully design and arrange, consciously make the word "sports" disappear in the classroom, turn sports teaching activities into happy games, interesting experiments and heart-to-heart conversations ... so that students can unconsciously mobilize all their senses and observe, discover, recall, imagine and write in the most natural and relaxed state.

Secondly, we should also pay attention to let students write freely, focusing on free expression. Tell the experience of holiday travel, tell your own social experience, introduce your favorite books or TV programs, talk about your ideals, express your happiness and troubles ... Write down what you see, hear and want! Life is like a kaleidoscope, colorful, and the content of the composition is also rich and colorful.