Composition on common sense about epidemic prevention

1. Tips on epidemic prevention

Tips on epidemic prevention 1. Knowledge about the prevention and control of common winter diseases and infectious diseases among primary school students

Common respiratory infectious diseases in winter There are common colds, influenza, measles, chickenpox, rubella, mumps, etc., which are mainly spread through air droplets. To prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases, you should pay attention to the following matters: 1. Avoid catching cold.

When the human body catches cold, the blood vessels in the respiratory tract constrict, the blood supply is reduced, the local resistance decreases, and the virus easily invades. 2. Purify the environment and keep indoor air fresh.

Windows should be opened regularly for ventilation to maintain air circulation and allow sunlight to shine through the room; vinegar can also be used to fumigate the room. 3. Pay attention to your daily routine and ensure adequate sleep.

Adequate sleep can eliminate fatigue, regulate various functions of the human body, and enhance immunity. 4. Increase nutrition.

Supplement nutrition and appropriately increase the intake of water and vitamins. 5. Strengthen exercise and enhance physical fitness.

Physical exercise can enhance blood circulation and improve immunity. 6. Pay attention to hygiene.

Strengthen personal hygiene and personal protection. 7. Immunization prevention.

Corresponding vaccinations can be carried out before the epidemic season, such as influenza, pneumonia, measles, meningitis and other vaccines. 8. Early detection and early treatment.

When respiratory symptoms occur, you should seek medical treatment in time. Do not take it seriously, let alone take medicine randomly.

2. How to take personal protection when going to epidemic areas

Experts suggest that when going to epidemic areas for business activities and travel, you should understand the progress of the local epidemic and take good personal precautions. Protection, the main personal protection measures include: avoid contact with respiratory patients with flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, runny nose, etc.) or pneumonia.

Pay attention to personal hygiene and wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing. Avoid contact with pigs or places where pigs are present.

Avoid crowded places. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze, then throw the tissue in the trash.

If flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, runny nose, etc.) occur abroad, you should seek medical treatment immediately (wear a mask when seeking medical treatment), and inform the local public health agency and inspection and quarantine department. Experts emphasize that if you have flu-like symptoms, such as fever, cough, runny nose, etc. when returning from an epidemic area, you should take the initiative to report it to the exit inspection and quarantine agency; if you have flu-like symptoms within 2 weeks of returning from an influenza-endemic area, You should contact the local health and disease control department in time.

3. How should epidemic response personnel protect themselves

The details are as follows: ① Personnel who diagnose, sample, cull birds, harmlessly handle birds and their pollutants, and clean and disinfect When entering infected or potentially infected sites and harmless treatment sites, you should wear protective clothing, sterilizable rubber gloves, N95 masks or standard surgical masks, goggles and rubber boots.

After leaving the infected or potentially infected site and the harmless treatment site, that is, after the work is completed, the site and its facilities must be thoroughly disinfected, and protective equipment must be taken off at the site or at the exit of the treatment site. Dropped protective equipment should be placed in a container for disinfection, the changing area should be disinfected, personnel should wash their hands with disinfectant, and take a shower immediately after work. ② Breeders must wear masks, gloves and goggles, protective clothing and rubber boots before coming into contact with infected or potentially infected birds and their feces and other contaminated items. They should wear protective clothing before culling and handling birds and cleaning and disinfection. Protective items: After cleaning and disinfecting the site, take off the protective items. Clothes must be soaked in hot water above 70°C for 5 minutes or soaked in disinfectant, then washed with soapy water and dried in the sun. Rubber boots and goggles, etc. Clean and disinfect, and take a bath after handling the above items.

③ Persons who go to infected or potentially infected sites need to prepare masks, gloves, protective clothing, disposable hats or hoods, rubber boots and other items. When entering an infected or potentially infected site, wear protective clothing, rubber boots, a mask, disposable gloves or sterilizable rubber gloves, and a disposable cap or headgear.

When leaving an infected or potentially infected site and taking off personal protective equipment, the contaminants should be placed in a plastic bag and placed in a designated location. All used protective equipment must not be discarded at will, and must be cleaned and disinfected or treated harmlessly after use.

After finally taking off the gloves, wash and disinfect your hands. Take a shower after working, especially those who have been in places with poultry droppings and dust.

④ All persons exposed to infected or potentially infected areas should be monitored by the health department. Persons who develop symptoms of respiratory tract infection should undergo examination by the health department as soon as possible. Family members of those who develop respiratory tract infection symptoms should also undergo health monitoring. People with low immune function, those over 60 years old, and people with chronic heart and lung diseases should avoid work in contact with poultry, and should pay close attention to the health status of staff and breeders who sample, kill and handle birds, and clean and disinfect birds.

4. What are the epidemic prevention and self-rescue measures?

When people discover an epidemic, they should promptly report the epidemic to the local health department, epidemic prevention station and disease control center.

Suspected cases and confirmed cases should be strictly isolated in a timely manner to cut off transmission routes. For diseases spread through droplets (such as influenza, SARS, etc.), ventilation should be provided in time, do not enter crowded and closed environments, and wear a mask when going out.

To prevent contact-borne diseases, the main thing is to wash hands frequently and disinfect exposed parts, and try to avoid going to crowded public places. Clothes and items that have come into contact with patients must be thoroughly disinfected or burned.

After transporting patients or suspected patients, personnel and vehicles must be thoroughly disinfected and quarantined. Pay attention to ventilation, manage feces and other excreta, protect water sources, and disinfect the source of the epidemic at any time and thoroughly.

It is necessary to prevent certain animal-borne diseases spread by poultry, birds and wild animals, and pay attention to the quarantine and isolation of people and animals in the epidemic area to ensure environmental hygiene in the epidemic area. Protect susceptible groups, such as children and teenagers, strengthen their nutrition and improve the body's non-specific immunity.

Avoid not seeking medical treatment, reporting, or immediately taking isolation measures when you are infected or sick, which may lead to an expansion of the scope of infection and make the situation difficult to control.

5. Common knowledge on preventing spring infectious diseases

Prevention and treatment of common infectious diseases in spring As the spring breeze approaches, various spring infectious diseases are no matter whether people dislike them or not. They appear uninvited when people are not careful. In order to identify their ugly appearance, their evil manifestations and simple methods of prevention and treatment are introduced as follows: 1. Tuberculosis: Most of them are transmitted by the respiratory tract.

People with weak constitutions are more susceptible to infection, and the process is often chronic. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has low resistance and is strong. It can survive in dry sputum for 6-8 months. It is sensitive to moisture. It can be boiled at 60℃ for half an hour or 5 minutes to kill. It is a disease that relies on droplet transmission. It has been significantly reduced in the past few years and has shown an increasing trend in recent years.

The main way to prevent tuberculosis is to develop good habits, not to spit anywhere, not to have close contact with patients, and to actively vaccinate against long-term vaccination. The treatment principles are: early, combined, regular, sufficient, and throughout the process.

2. Infectious SARS (SARS). SARS is a respiratory infectious disease that broke out in early 2003 and is mainly spread through close contact.

It is a new infectious disease that is highly contagious, severe, progresses rapidly, and is harmful. The clinical manifestations are: 1. The incubation period is generally 1-10 days, and most patients develop symptoms within 4-5 days.

The onset is sudden, usually with fever as the first symptom, and the body temperature is generally >38°C, occasionally slightly cold, and may be accompanied by headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and diarrhea; there are often no symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection; may There is cough, mostly dry sputum, less sputum, and occasionally blood-streaked sputum; there may be chest tightness, and in severe cases, accelerated breathing, shortness of breath, and obvious respiratory distress. However, some patients do not present fever as the first symptom, especially those with recent surgery history or underlying diseases.

In the early stage, WBC is normal or decreased, and lymphocytes are ↓. In late patients with bacterial infection, WBC may be ↑, some platelets are ↓, and most liver function tests are abnormal.

Some patients may have cardiac enzymes ↑ and albumin ↓.

A few have hypoxemia and respiratory alkalosis. X-rays show varying degrees of flaky, patchy infiltrative shadows or reticular changes in the lungs. Some patients progress rapidly and present large shadows, which are often prolonged or bilateral. The shadows are absorbed diffusely.

Lung shadows and symptoms and signs may be inconsistent. If the test result is negative, it should be reexamined after 1-2 days.

High-resolution CT (HR-CT) can detect lesions early. Prevention and treatment, timely disinfection of epidemic sites, and public health education. Because the pathogen of SARS has not yet been identified, but it is highly contagious and pathogenic, the reporting time limit should be compared with Class A infectious diseases for epidemic reporting. If a SARS case is found Afterwards, reports will be made to local county-level disease prevention and control agencies within 6 hours in urban areas and within 12 hours in rural areas.

When handling, the triage category and corresponding treatment method will be adopted. 3. Mumps is mainly caused by mumps virus infection. It is mainly spread through droplets or saliva contaminating tableware or toys.

School-age children are susceptible. The incubation period is 2-3 weeks, causing swelling of one or both parotid glands. If there is no septum and infection, the disease can heal itself in 1-2 weeks.

Infections in adolescence can cause complications such as orchitis and oophoritis. Treatment method: drink plenty of boiled water, take antiviral drugs and rest, and absolutely isolate the patient.

4. AIDS (AIDS). It is an immunodeficiency disease infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The main manifestations are: the patient's serum HIV is positive, accompanied by self-limiting symptoms (acute phase) such as fever, pharyngitis, and swollen lymph nodes.

This period lasts for about 1-2 weeks and then enters the asymptomatic incubation period of infection. Outside of this period? The level of HIV antigen in the blood is very low or undetectable. However, as the infection time prolongs, HIV begins to replicate in large quantities and supports the progressive damage of the immune system, gradually developing into persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, AIDS-related syndrome, and finally developing into AIDS.

Prevention and treatment. Based on the fact that AIDS is mainly transmitted through 1. same-sex or opposite-sex sexual behavior; 2. transfusion of HIV-containing blood and blood products and contaminated syringes and needles used by intravenous drug addicts; 3. mother-to-child transmission, measures are formulated. , take 1. Make people aware of the transmission methods of AIDS and its harmful effects, and put an end to drug abuse and sexual promiscuity; 2. Establish a monitoring system for HIV infection; 3. Strengthen border quarantine; 4. Conduct HIV antibody tests on blood donors.

The current treatment of HIV mainly includes: 1. Strengthening research on HIV vaccine; 2. Strengthening antiviral treatment. 5. Intestinal infectious diseases.

It is the most common infectious disease in colleges and universities, and its main symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, tenesmus and other symptoms. It is transmitted through contact and mouth, so individuals should develop a good habit of washing hands before meals and after using the toilet, and schools should maintain good food hygiene.

The main treatment is antibacterial and rehydration treatment. 6. Bird flu.

Bird flu is an infectious viral disease that has occurred in the past two years. According to expert opinions, as long as animal epidemics occur, bird flu will exist. International experts predict that bird flu may become a major epidemic. Popularity. The current approach is: 1. Strengthen supervision, detect infectious diseases as early as possible, and conduct epidemic monitoring as early as possible.

People infected with avian influenza in my country are in a high-distribution and mortality situation. This is because large-scale poultry immunity has made the human epidemic highly sporadic; while the high case fatality rate is about twice as high as the low case fatality rate in the early stage of the epidemic. As the epidemic spreads, the case fatality rate decreases.

2. It is related to the patient’s immunity. 3. It is related to whether the patient receives timely treatment.

The current main measures to deal with avian influenza: 1. Strengthen poultry epidemic prevention. 2. Improve autoimmune resistance.

3. Develop plans for early detection, early diagnosis, and early isolation of bird flu-affected areas. Be careful about respiratory diseases in early spring. Respiratory diseases are more common in winter and spring, and hospitals are overcrowded with patients.

The following are some suggestions on how to strictly prevent respiratory diseases: First: Strengthen personal protection.

Pay attention to the changes in cold and warm, and add or remove clothes appropriately.

People who are old and frail or have systemic diseases such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, or diabetes should avoid going to public places where crowds gather, and should be vaccinated against influenza. Wear a mask when going out in cold or foggy conditions. Second, pay attention to ventilation and keep the indoor air fresh.

Ventilation should be provided at all times in offices, homes, and public places. Especially when cold patients are found in schools or hospitals, the air should be circulated to prevent large-scale spread. Third, quit smoking.

We should quit smoking not only in public places, but also at home, office and school. Because smoking damages an individual's respiratory tract and makes them susceptible to influenza, passive smokers suffer greater harm because the concentration of smoke they inhale is higher than that of smokers.

Especially in today's world and.

6. Common sense on the prevention and control of infectious diseases

Try to avoid going to public places with a lot of people! Strengthen exercise and improve your immunity! In addition, you should know the following knowledge! Preventive measures for infectious diseases can be divided into general preventive measures before the epidemic occurs and epidemic prevention measures after the epidemic occurs.

1. General preventive measures When infectious diseases do not occur, general preventive measures mainly include: strengthening management of the external environment where pathogens may exist (such as "three tubes and one elimination" and other tasks); Planned immunization to protect susceptible groups; timely detection of pathogen carriers through regular health examinations of key groups (such as regular physical examinations for employees in child care institutions, food, drinking water, and service industries); and carry out health education, etc. In disaster areas, due to the destruction of sanitary facilities, poor environmental sanitation conditions, difficulties in supplying daily necessities, and reduced resistance of residents, the chances of the occurrence and spread of various infectious diseases have greatly increased. General preventive measures should be strengthened. To sum up, they are as follows Several key aspects of work.

1. Strengthen leadership and formulate disaster relief and disease prevention plans. Health and epidemic prevention agencies at all levels should serve as advisers and formulate practical disaster relief and disease prevention plans based on the local disaster situation at that time, quickly restore and strengthen the three-level health and epidemic prevention network, and carry out various epidemic prevention work under the leadership of the ***.

2. Carry out health education. Use various publicity tools and adopt various forms to carry out health education work on disaster relief and disease prevention, so that the knowledge of disaster relief and disease prevention can be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and fully mobilize the masses to actively participate in various disaster relief and disease prevention work.

3. Add *** student supervision. Strengthen the management and supervision of drinking water hygiene and food hygiene, thoroughly clean up the environment, especially deal with environmental pollutants such as feces, garbage, and dirt, and carry out disinfection, insecticide, and rodent control in an organized manner.

4. Protect vulnerable groups. Targeted universal vaccination will be carried out among residents in disaster areas to strengthen the protection of key groups.

5. Strengthen the disease detection system to ensure the smooth flow of prevention information.

7. Tips on how to prevent infectious diseases

1. Wash your hands frequently. Did you know that microorganisms can live on inert surfaces for anywhere from minutes to months? Imagine these disease-causing microorganisms could live in computer keyboards, on electrical switches, and even on sidewalk handrails! Surprisingly, most people don’t know that effective handwashing is the best preventative measure. The CDC recommends washing thoroughly with soap and water and drying your hands with paper towels. Where running water is not available, alcohol-based gels can suffice for handwashing, although they are not as effective as soap and water.

2. Do not share personal belongings. Toothbrushes, towels, razors, handkerchiefs, and nail clippers can all be sources of infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, and fungi). In kindergarten, children are usually taught to enjoy toys but learn to control their hands. Try to remember not to share your personal belongings with others.

3. Cover your mouth when coughing and sneezing. In the same spirit, good personal hygiene includes not only personal hygiene but also the traditional practice of covering your mouth when coughing and sneezing. Why is this important even when you are not sick? Because as with most infections, the disease-causing microorganisms begin growing and dividing long before symptoms appear.

Coughing or sneezing can spread these germs through the air. It is recommended to cover your mouth with your arms or sleeves rather than with your hands.

4. Get a flu shot. The human immune system is designed to "remember" previous infections. When the body encounters a microorganism that caused a previous infection, it ramps up the production of white blood cells and antibodies to prevent a second infection. Therefore, through vaccination, you can trick your body into thinking you have been infected with certain microorganisms, thus improving your defenses against infectious diseases.

5. Use safe cooking methods. Poor food preparation and eating habits are often the cause of food illness. In fact, microorganisms love all foods, especially when kept at room temperature. Refrigeration slows or prevents the growth of most microorganisms. Have separate cutting boards for cooked and raw foods, and be sure to wash all fruits and vegetables before eating.

6. Be a smart traveler. It is easy to contract infectious diseases while traveling, especially when traveling to less developed areas. If the water in your travel destination is questionable, be sure to have a safe source of water available, such as bottled water for drinking and brushing your teeth. Eat cooked foods and avoid raw fruits and vegetables. It is recommended that all immunizations be updated based on the travel destination.

7. Safe sex. Sexually transmitted diseases are probably the most preventable infectious diseases. Smart practices about safe sex (using condoms) can prevent the spread of infectious bacteria or viruses from one person to another.

8. Don’t pick your nose (or mouth and eyes). Not only is it a social taboo, it can also lead to the spread of various diseases. If you look around you will see many people putting their hands on their faces. Many microorganisms prefer the warm and moist environment of the nose, as well as the mucous membrane-covered surfaces of the eyes and mouth, among others. By avoiding these areas, you can easily prevent infectious diseases.

9. Be cautious when touching animals. Diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans are called "zoonotic diseases" and they are more common than people know. If you have pets, make sure they get regular checkups and are up to date on their vaccinations.

10. Watch the news. A good understanding of current events can help you make informed decisions about travel and other recreational activities. For example, the bird flu that occurred in Asia deserves your attention.

8. Questions and answers on common infectious disease prevention and control knowledge

4. AIDS can be prevented by using condoms during sex.

( ) 5. Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of HIV/AIDS patients is an important part of the prevention and control of AIDS. ( ) 6. AIDS is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and characterized by opportunistic infections and opportunistic tumors. It is also called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

( ) 7. The main prevalent strains of HIV-1 in my country are subtypes B and E of HIV-1. ( ) 8. The diagnosis of HIV infection requires etiological examination. HIV infection can be confirmed if the antibody is positive in two preliminary screening tests.

( ) 9. If the mother is an AIDS patient and the newborn’s blood is positive for HIV antibodies, it can be diagnosed as being infected with HIV. ( ) 10. Antiviral treatment mainly inhibits virus replication in the body, and currently it is advocated to use combination drugs.

( ) 11. You can be infected by HIV by eating at the same time as an AIDS patient ( ) 12. During the acute infection period of HIV, the patient is not contagious and has no symptoms ( ) 13. People without symptoms can carry the virus Patients can transmit the virus to others ( ) 14. Because HIV only infects a small number of people with risky behaviors, we do not need to carry out a lot of health education ( ) 15. AIDS cannot be cured at present. Improving the patient’s quality of life and prolonging their survival is the key to treatment the ultimate goal. ( ) 3. Fill in the blanks 1. It has been confirmed recently that AIDS is mainly transmitted through,,.

2. The period from infection with HIV to when antibodies can be detected is called . 3. The main factors affecting the epidemic of AIDS include , , , and etc.

4. Measures should be taken to control the source of HIV infection.

5. The main means of controlling HIV transmission are , , , and .

6. HIV infection is divided into three stages, namely stage, stage and stage. 7. At present, HIV/AIDS prevention mainly adopts comprehensive preventive measures focusing on .

8. The preferred treatment for cryptococcal meningitis is . 9. It is currently believed that the best time for HIV-infected people to start anti-HIV treatment is.

10. Azidothymidine AZT, also known as (Zidovudine ZDV), its mechanism of action is to inhibit and reduce the replication of HIV. 11. The full name of AIDS is a fast-spreading disease caused by infection. , an infectious disease that is currently incurable but preventable. 12. AIDS is an infectious disease with severe immune deficiency as the main clinical feature. The diagnosis of each stage of infection must be based on comprehensive analysis and careful diagnosis. 13. Typical HIV infection goes through the following stages from infection to death: ,,, .

14. The source of AIDS infection is . 4. Short answer questions 1. The full name of AIDS 2. What are the main ways in which AIDS infection is spread? 3. In which body fluids of HIV-infected people does HIV mainly exist? Are you resistant to the outside world? What kind of disinfectant can be used to disinfect HIV? 4. What aspects should be considered when diagnosing AIDS? 5. When an AIDS epidemic occurs, what control measures should be taken? 6. What are the treatment principles for AIDS? 7. What is the source of HIV infection? 8. Who are susceptible to AIDS? 9. What are the test method requirements for HIV primary screening tests? 10. Briefly describe the common clinical manifestations from HIV infection to AIDS? 11. What are the most common indicators of AIDS? Describe its main clinical manifestations? 12. What is the “window period” of HIV infection? 13. What are the common opportunistic infections and tumors caused by AIDS? 14. Describe the ways in which HIV is not transmitted.

15. Please describe the reference answers to the medical management of AIDS and HIV-infected patients: (1) Multiple choice questions l, B 2, A 3, D 4, D 5, B 6, C 7 , D 8, D 9, A 10, B 11, B 12, D 13, C 14, D 15, C 16, D (2) True or False 1, False 2, True 3, True 4, False 5, True 6 , True 7, False 8, False 9, False 10, True 11, False 12, False 13, True 14, False 15, True (3) Fill in the blanks 1. Sexual contact, blood and blood products, mother and baby 2, window period 3. Increase in the number of people with high-risk behaviors, lack of knowledge and social discrimination, blood transfusions and other hospital-borne infections, population mobility 4. Epidemic reporting, medical management of AIDS and HIV-infected persons, preventive measures for contacts 5. Control of HIV infection Sexual transmission, control of HIV transfusion (receiver) blood transmission, control of iatrogenic transmission, control of drug use, control of mother-to-child transmission 6, acute HIV infection, asymptomatic HIV infection, AIDS 7, cutting off the route of infection 8, amphotericin B 9. CD4lt; 350/mm 10. Reverse transcriptase 11. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 12. Epidemiological contact history, clinical manifestations, laboratory test results 13. Acute infection Stage, asymptomatic infection stage, pre-AIDS, AIDS stage 14. Patients, HIV-infected persons (4) Short answer questions 1. The full name of AIDS is "acquired immune deficiency syndrome". It is an infectious disease caused by immunodeficiency virus infection, which lives in the human blood and attacks the human immune system.

2. There are three main routes of transmission: sexual contact, blood transmission and mother-to-child transmission. Sexual transmission: About 75% of HIV infections in the world are transmitted through this route. Sexual contact includes sexual contact transmission between same-sex and opposite-sex people. Homosexuals, heterosexuals and bisexuals can all infect each other through contact. Blood transmission: if you inject blood or blood products containing HIV or have contact with an HIV-infected person There is a risk of transmission if you use a syringe or needle.

Mother-to-child transmission: HIV-infected women can pass the virus to their fetuses or infants during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. 3. HIV mainly exists in the blood, vaginal secretions, and breast milk of HIV-infected people. HIV has weak resistance to the outside world, and its resistance is lower than that of hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Therefore, the disinfection drugs generally used for hepatitis B can be used for disinfection of HIV. 4. The diagnosis mainly considers three aspects: (l) The HIV antibody test is confirmed to be positive.

(2) Clinical manifestations. (3) Epidemiological history.

For example, if the spouse or sexual partner is HIV-infected, has multiple sexual partners, injects drugs intravenously, has received HIV-contaminated blood or blood products, or has been punctured with HIV-contaminated sharp instruments, etc. The most important basis among the three is: HIV antibody positivity.

Certain clinical manifestations and epidemiological history may indicate that HIV antibody testing should be considered. 5. When an HIV epidemic occurs, source control and transmission route control should be adopted. Source control measures: (1) Epidemic reporting: Once an HIV-infected person is found, a report should be made to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2) HIV-infected person’s information Medical management: refers to close follow-up and observation of AIDS.

9. What are some common safety tips

1. Walking instructions 1. Pedestrians must walk on the sidewalk, and if there is no sidewalk, walk on the roadside; 2. Pedestrians are not allowed to walk on the sidewalk. On the roadway? Chase or run violently, and you are not allowed to suddenly turn and cross when a vehicle is approaching; 3. Not allowed to cross the road? You are not allowed to pick up or chase cars on the road, and you are not allowed to forcefully stop the car or throw objects at the car; 4. Playing or frolic on the road is not allowed; 5. Preschool children must be led by an adult when walking on the street or highway; 2. Instructions for riding a car 1. It is not allowed to hail vehicles in the middle of the road; 2. It is not allowed to stick any part of the body out of the window while the motor vehicle is driving; 3. When riding in the vehicle, it is not allowed to stand or eat in the vehicle; 4. It is not allowed to get on or off by force When getting off the bus, get off first and then get on, queue up when waiting, and get on the bus in order; after getting off the bus, wait for the vehicle to drive away before walking. If you want to cross the road, be sure to do so safely; 5. Do not ride in overloaded vehicles , do not ride on vehicles without passenger licenses or sports licenses; 3. Cycling instructions 1. Children under the age of 12 are not allowed to ride bicycles or tricycles on the road; 2. You must slow down before turning, and go backwards Look, reach out to indicate, and do not make sudden turns; 3. Do not allow your hands to leave the handlebars, do not hold onto other vehicles or hold objects in your hands; 4. Do not allow vehicles to run parallel to each other, chase each other, or drive in twists and turns; 5. Check the performance of the vehicle frequently, You cannot ride if there is a problem with the bell, brake or other parts, and they should be repaired in time; 6. It is not allowed to ride with an umbrella, and it is not allowed to ride with people; 7. It is not allowed to learn to ride a bicycle on the road; 8. It is not allowed to ride in the car Parking on the road or competing with motor vehicles; Emergency handling (1) First aid for emergencies.

① If you are burned by hot water, immediately flush the affected area with cold water to cool it, and take off the clothes of the affected area. ② If you fall from a height, you should immediately make the person lie down calmly; if there is any trauma, clean the wound with water or medicated soap and wrap it with gauze.

③Dislocation: Let the injured person maintain a comfortable posture, apply cold water to the affected area, and never apply heat. ④Heatstroke: Quickly move the person with heatstroke to a ventilated and cool place, unbutton his shirt, wipe his head with cold water or wipe his body with alcohol. If he has heatstroke, let him drink more cold water, accompanied by ten drops of water and other anti-heat medicine.

⑤Food poisoning: While looking for an ambulance, feed the patient warm water, salt water or milk; put your fingers and other objects into the patient's mouth and throat to make him vomit. ⑥ If a flying object hits the eye; rinse the eye with clean water and do not probe with your hands. If the eye bleeds, apply gauze lightly, add a layer of cold wet cloth, and wrap it with a bandage.

(2) Home fire-fighting methods: 1. Call the fire alarm quickly? 119. Tell the location clearly and go to the intersection to wait for the fire truck. 2. Use basins, buckets and other containers to transfer water to extinguish the fire. It is better to find a fire hydrant.

3. If some items catch fire, move the burning items outdoors quickly to put out the fire. 4. When the oil pan is on fire, cover the pan directly and turn off the power.

5. If a household appliance catches fire, first cut off the power supply, then suffocate the fire with a blanket or quilt. If it is still not extinguished, pour water on it. 6. When the TV is on fire, use blankets or quilts to suffocate the fire. People should stand behind the TV to prevent the picture tube from bursting and injuring people.

7. If a gas or liquefied gas stove catches fire, you must first close the valve, soak it with an apron, clothing, bedding, etc., cover it with water, and pour water on it. 8. When fighting a fire, doors and windows should be opened slowly to prevent air convection from accelerating the spread of the fire and sudden flames jumping out and injuring people.

9. Evacuate combustible materials or liquefied gas tanks near the burning point to a safe location in a timely manner. Family life: (1) The total power of electrical appliances used in the home must be less than the total power of the incoming lines to prevent short circuits and fires caused by overloading of the lines.

(2) When no one is at home, all power supplies must be disconnected to avoid fire caused by electrical appliances being powered on for a long time and generating heat. (3) When using liquefied gas, the site must be supervised to prevent the fire from being extinguished by wind or liquid, causing leakage of liquefied gas and explosion.

(4) Do not store large amounts of flammable and explosive dangerous goods at home. (5) Do not bring strangers into your home easily, just in case.

Social Convention: (1) When you go out on the street, you must abide by traffic laws. Do not cross the road or run a red light casually. You must look first, second, slow and third to pass. (2) When going out in a vehicle, you must pay attention to the safety of the vehicle and try not to take individual private vehicles to avoid traffic accidents.

(3) When traffic is hampered by weather changes, preventive measures must be taken. (4) You should go home in time after school. If you have special circumstances, you should make it clear to your family, classmates, and teachers in a timely manner.

Try to go home before nine o'clock in the evening, and avoid walking in remote and sparsely populated streets. (5) Girls should go together as much as possible when going out. When going out, do not trust strangers to avoid being deceived.

(6) When eating out, be sure to eat hygienic food, do not eat at roadside food stalls, and do not eat half-cooked food to ensure good health. (7) Handling of emergencies: If a fire, traffic accident, or security incident occurs, you should immediately contact the local fire protection, public security, and transportation departments for assistance: Fire alarm number: 119? Traffic accident: 122? Emergency number: 120? Burglary police phone number: 110.