Common sense of ship safety

1. How to pay attention to safety by boat?

Don't take an unlicensed boat.

Don't take an overloaded boat. Because the ship floats on the water by the buoyancy of water, the load is limited.

If the limit is exceeded, the ship will be in danger of capsizing when sailing. In case of strong winds, heavy rains, floods, dense fog and other bad weather, it is best not to take risks by boats such as ferries.

Please do not carry inflammable, explosive and other dangerous goods on board. The group took a boat, led by the teacher.

When boarding and disembarking, you should line up in an orderly manner. Don't push me, and don't rush up and down, which will easily cause people to fall into the water, crush, crush or tilt the boat.

Sit tight on the boat and don't walk around at will. Many equipments on the ship directly affect the safe operation of the ship, especially some life-saving and fire-fighting facilities. Their storage locations are regulated and cannot be moved at will, so as to ensure that they can play a role as soon as possible and reduce losses in case of accidents.

When a ship sails at night, don't use a flashlight to illuminate the water surface and shore, so as not to cause misunderstanding of the coming ship or the driver's illusion and cause danger.

2. General knowledge about ships

First, ship construction is a kind of maritime transport.

Although the ships are different in size, the main parts of their structures are similar. The ship is mainly composed of the following parts: (1) hull, that is, the ship's hull, which is composed of several steel plates by rivets or electric welding, including keel wing plate, arc outer plate and upper outer plate.

(2) Frame Ship frame refers to various materials used to support the hull, which are divided into longitudinal and transverse parts. Longitudinal materials include keel, bottom bone and lateral bone; Cross beams include ribs, ship beams and bulkheads.

(3) Deck Deck is a steel plate laid on the ship beam, which divides the hull into upper, middle and lower layers. The number of decks of large ships can be as many as six or seven floors, which are used to strengthen the hull structure and facilitate layered loading and loading.

(4) Cargo hold and tank hold refer to various use spaces below the nail plate, including bow hold, stern hold, cargo hold, machinery hold and boiler hold. (5) Superstructure Superstructure refers to the building above the main deck, which is used for the life and work of the crew and the storage of their ships, including the first floor, the stern cabin and the bridge.

(6) Head: the front of the ship. The bend on both sides of the hull is called the bow.

(7) Stern: The back of a ship. The curved parts on both sides of the hull are called quarters.

(8) Bilge: the place where the side plate of the ship meets the bottom plate of the ship. Ship scale (9) Maximum scale: also known as full scale or perimeter scale, it can determine the length of berths docked at the wharf, whether it can pass under the bridge and enter a wharf.

Total length (maximum length): refers to the horizontal distance between the foremost end and the rearmost end of the ship (including the outer plate and the permanently fixed protrusions at both ends). Full width (maximum width): the maximum horizontal distance perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline plane, including the outer plate and permanent fixing protrusion of the ship.

Maximum height: the vertical distance from the bottom of the keel to the highest point of the ship. It can get the height of the ship above the water by subtracting the draft.

(10) Registration scale: refers to the scale used by the competent authority in registering ships and calculating the gross tonnage and net tonnage of ships, and it shall be stated in the tonnage certificate. Registered length: the horizontal distance of the upper surface of the upper deck from the front edge of the mast to the rear edge of the mast; When there is no tailstock, measure the center of the rudder stock.

Registration width: the horizontal distance between the outer surfaces of two outboard plates at the maximum width of the ship. Registration depth: the vertical distance measured from the lower surface of the upper deck to the upper surface of the inner bottom plate at the midpoint of the registered length of the longitudinal section of the ship.

(1 1) Ship size: Captain: the horizontal distance from the first edge to the rear edge of the stern post along the summer load waterline, also known as the length of two columns. Width: the horizontal distance between the outer edges of the two side ribs at the widest part of the hull.

Depth: the vertical distance from the upper edge of the flat keel to the upper edge of the upper beam on the freeboard deck at the captain's midpoint. (12) Draft: the vertical distance from the upper edge of the flat keel to the water surface.

Plus the thickness of the flat keel, it is the actual draft. Two. Types of ships There are many kinds of ships that carry goods by sea.

According to different purposes, cargo ships can be divided into two categories: dry cargo ships and oil tankers. (1) Dry cargo ships can be divided into 1. General cargo ships are ships sailing on busy freight routes in a specific period of time, mainly carrying sporadic groceries. This kind of ship sails fast and is equipped with enough lifting equipment. In the ship structure, there are multiple decks to divide the cabin into multiple containers to meet the needs of loading different goods.

2. Bulk carriers Bulk carriers are ships used to transport unpackaged bulk goods. According to the different types of goods, it can be divided into grain ships, coal ships and ore ships.

Most of these ships are single deck, and there are no columns in the cabin, but there are partitions to prevent the cargo in the cabin from being misplaced when running in the wind and waves. 3. Refrigeration ship Refrigeration ship is a ship specially used for loading frozen perishable goods.

The ship is equipped with a refrigeration system, which can adjust various temperatures to meet the needs of different temperatures of goods in each cabin. 4. Timber ship Timber ship is a ship specially used for loading timber or logs.

This kind of cabin has a large mouth, and there are no equipment such as beams and columns that hinder loading and unloading. Cabin and deck can be loaded with wood.

In order to prevent the timber on the deck from being washed overboard by waves, bulwarks of not less than one meter are generally set on both sides of the ship's side. 5. Container ships There are three types of container ships: partial container ships, full container ships and convertible container ships: (1) partial container ships.

Only the middle of the ship is used as a special space for containers, and other spaces are still full of ordinary groceries. (2) Full container ships.

Refers to the ship specially used for transporting bagged containers. It is different from ordinary cargo ships. Its cargo hold is equipped with a grid frame and a vertical guide rail, which is convenient for the container to be put down along the guide rail, and the four corners are limited by grids to prevent dumping.

Container ships can stack three to nine containers in the cabin and three to four on the deck. (3) Convertible container ships.

The structure of the cargo container is detachable. Therefore, it can ship containers and general groceries when necessary.

The speed of container ships is very high, and most of them have no lifting equipment, so they need to rely on the lifting equipment on the dock for loading and unloading. This kind of container ship is also called unloading ship.

6. The ro-ro ship, also known as the ro-ro ship, is mainly used to transport cars and containers. The ship itself does not need loading and unloading equipment. Generally, there are slopes on the ship's side or at the bow and stern to connect the docks. When loading and unloading goods, both cars and containers (mounted on trailers) go in and out of the engine room directly.

The advantage of this kind of ship is that it does not depend on the loading and unloading equipment on the dock, and the loading and unloading speed is fast, which can accelerate the ship turnover. 7. Barge carriers are also called mother ships.

Refers to a ship carrying a barge and loading goods on the barge. The main advantage of barge carrier is that it is not limited by the depth of the port and does not need to occupy the berth of the dock. Loading and unloading of goods are carried out at anchorage, with high loading and unloading efficiency.

At present, the commonly used barge carriers are mainly "Rush" (.

3.

Le Tu tourist boat is also one of the safer means of transportation. If you travel by boat in spring and autumn, you can enjoy the endless sea.

The blue sea, surging waves and soaring seagulls are really refreshing. Some people are worried that it is not safe to travel by boat. We remind you not to worry too much. As long as you pay attention to the following matters during your trip, you can reach your destination safely.

(1) When traveling by boat, you should make necessary preparations. For example, you can prepare 1-2 more coats. This is because when ships are sailing at sea, especially at night, the sea breeze is strong and the temperature is low. China international travel mart Zhang Yimou impression theme winter tour in 2006 will be even lower when visiting Xun's former residence. (2) Traveling by boat is the same as traveling by train. It is forbidden to carry inflammable and explosive dangerous goods. If you see others carrying it, you should discourage it or report it to the ship's service personnel to ensure the life and property safety of all crew members.

(3) Get familiar with the surrounding environment of the cabin as soon as possible after boarding the ship. After boarding the ship, passengers can easily find their cabin under the guidance of the crew, and then after properly handling their luggage, they should immediately familiarize themselves with the environment around their cabin, focusing on remembering the safe passage to the deck so as to evacuate as soon as possible in an emergency.

(4) Keep in mind the location and usage of life jackets, lifeboats, fire extinguishers and fire hydrants, so as to use them as soon as possible. (5) The ship will bump when it encounters heavy wind and waves during the voyage. At this time, there is no need to panic. You should obey the command of the crew, don't run around and make noise, so as not to cause confusion among the crew, make the hull out of balance and cause unpredictable and serious consequences.

Especially when sailing on the sea or river in a smaller boat, we should pay more attention to this. (6) If local fire, water leakage or other unsafe signs are found, report to the flight attendant as soon as possible and take remedial measures immediately.

Don't talk loudly before you know the situation, so as not to cause anxiety or affect the rest of the passengers on the bus. (7) In case of shipwreck, collision, fire and other accidents, we should unite the crew under the guidance of the crew and take effective measures calmly and decisively to eliminate the danger as soon as possible.

(8) When a major accident needs to leave the ship, we should carry forward the spirit of * * * and help each other. According to the unified command of the crew, put on life jackets and leave the ship by lifeboat in an orderly manner.

Don't fight with each other and make a mess, which will delay precious time and make more people lose the chance to escape. (9) After the accident, every passenger should keep a clear head and always have the confidence to overcome the disaster without any fear or pessimism.

This will not only make it difficult for you to escape, but also infect others and shake everyone's confidence in overcoming difficulties. We have noticed that those who are lucky enough to live in big accidents are mostly those who are fearless in the face of difficulties and have the courage to fight with death.

(10) Those who fled the ship due to the accident should try their best to send a distress signal to the passing ships around and wait for the arrival of the savior with strong perseverance.

4. General knowledge about ships

First, ship construction is a kind of maritime transport.

Although the ships are different in size, the main parts of their structures are similar. The ship is mainly composed of the following parts: (1) hull, that is, the ship's hull, which is composed of several steel plates by rivets or electric welding, including keel wing plate, arc outer plate and upper outer plate.

(2) Frame Ship frame refers to various materials used to support the hull, which are divided into longitudinal and transverse parts. Longitudinal materials include keel, bottom bone and lateral bone; Cross beams include ribs, ship beams and bulkheads.

(3) Deck Deck is a steel plate laid on the ship beam, which divides the hull into upper, middle and lower layers. The number of decks of large ships can be as many as six or seven floors, which are used to strengthen the hull structure and facilitate layered loading and loading.

(4) Cargo hold and tank hold refer to various use spaces below the nail plate, including bow hold, stern hold, cargo hold, machinery hold and boiler hold. (5) Superstructure Superstructure refers to the building above the main deck, which is used for the life and work of the crew and the storage of their ships, including the first floor, the stern cabin and the bridge.

(6) Head: the front of the ship. The bend on both sides of the hull is called the bow.

(7) Stern: The back of a ship. The curved parts on both sides of the hull are called quarters.

(8) Bilge: the place where the side plate of the ship meets the bottom plate of the ship. Ship scale (9) Maximum scale: also known as full scale or perimeter scale, it can determine the length of berths docked at the wharf, whether it can pass under the bridge and enter a wharf.

Total length (maximum length): refers to the horizontal distance between the foremost end and the rearmost end of the ship (including the outer plate and the permanently fixed protrusions at both ends). Full width (maximum width): the maximum horizontal distance perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline plane, including the outer plate and permanent fixing protrusion of the ship.

Maximum height: the vertical distance from the bottom of the keel to the highest point of the ship. It can get the height of the ship above the water by subtracting the draft.

(10) Registration scale: refers to the scale used by the competent authority in registering ships and calculating the gross tonnage and net tonnage of ships, and it shall be stated in the tonnage certificate. Registered length: the horizontal distance of the upper surface of the upper deck from the front edge of the mast to the rear edge of the mast; When there is no tailstock, measure the center of the rudder stock.

Registration width: the horizontal distance between the outer surfaces of two outboard plates at the maximum width of the ship. Registration depth: the vertical distance measured from the lower surface of the upper deck to the upper surface of the inner bottom plate at the midpoint of the registered length of the longitudinal section of the ship.

(1 1) Ship size: Captain: the horizontal distance from the first edge to the rear edge of the stern post along the summer load waterline, also known as the length of two columns. Width: the horizontal distance between the outer edges of the two side ribs at the widest part of the hull.

Depth: the vertical distance from the upper edge of the flat keel to the upper edge of the upper beam on the freeboard deck at the captain's midpoint. (12) Draft: the vertical distance from the upper edge of the flat keel to the water surface.

Plus the thickness of the flat keel, it is the actual draft. Two. Types of ships There are many kinds of ships that carry goods by sea.

According to different purposes, cargo ships can be divided into two categories: dry cargo ships and oil tankers. (1) Dry cargo ships can be divided into 1. General cargo ships are ships sailing on busy freight routes in a specific period of time, mainly carrying sporadic groceries. This kind of ship sails fast and is equipped with enough lifting equipment. In the ship structure, there are multiple decks to divide the cabin into multiple containers to meet the needs of loading different goods.

2. Bulk carriers Bulk carriers are ships used to transport unpackaged bulk goods. According to the different types of goods, it can be divided into grain ships, coal ships and ore ships.

Most of these ships are single deck, and there are no columns in the cabin, but there are partitions to prevent the cargo in the cabin from being misplaced when running in the wind and waves. 3. Refrigeration ship Refrigeration ship is a ship specially used for loading frozen perishable goods.

The ship is equipped with a refrigeration system, which can adjust various temperatures to meet the needs of different temperatures of goods in each cabin. 4. Timber ship Timber ship is a ship specially used for loading timber or logs.

This kind of cabin has a large mouth, and there are no equipment such as beams and columns that hinder loading and unloading. Cabin and deck can be loaded with wood.

In order to prevent the timber on the deck from being washed overboard by waves, bulwarks of not less than one meter are generally set on both sides of the ship's side. 5. Container ships There are three types of container ships: partial container ships, full container ships and convertible container ships: (1) partial container ships.

Only the middle of the ship is used as a special space for containers, and other spaces are still full of ordinary groceries. (2) Full container ships.

Refers to the ship specially used for transporting bagged containers. It is different from ordinary cargo ships. Its cargo hold is equipped with a grid frame and a vertical guide rail, which is convenient for the container to be put down along the guide rail, and the four corners are limited by grids to prevent dumping.

Container ships can stack three to nine containers in the cabin and three to four on the deck. (3) Convertible container ships.

The structure of the cargo container is detachable. Therefore, it can ship containers and general groceries when necessary.

The speed of container ships is very high, and most of them have no lifting equipment, so they need to rely on the lifting equipment on the dock for loading and unloading. This kind of container ship is also called unloading ship.

6. The ro-ro ship, also known as the ro-ro ship, is mainly used to transport cars and containers. The ship itself does not need loading and unloading equipment. Generally, there are slopes on the ship's side or at the bow and stern to connect the docks. When loading and unloading goods, both cars and containers (mounted on trailers) go in and out of the engine room directly.

The advantage of this kind of ship is that it does not depend on the loading and unloading equipment on the dock, and the loading and unloading speed is fast, which can accelerate the ship turnover. 7. Barge carriers are also called mother ships.

Refers to a ship carrying a barge and loading goods on the barge. The main advantage of barge carrier is that it is not limited by the depth of the port and does not need to occupy the berth of the dock. Loading and unloading of goods are carried out at anchorage, with high loading and unloading efficiency.

At present, the commonly used barge carrier mainly includes "barge" type.

5. What is the knowledge about safety?

Six checks of safety supervision: (1) check ideas; (2) inspection system; (3) inspection measures; (4) check for hidden dangers; (5) check the rectification; (6) check the effect.

The "seven links" of safety management and industry management: (1) safety management and the issuance of land and water transportation business licenses; (2) Review the qualification level of passenger and freight transport enterprises; (3) issue a land and water transport certificate; (4) Examination and approval of new operating vehicles (ships); (5) Audit of land and water transportation routes: (6) Audit of driver's license (seaman's certificate of competency); (7) It is called the "seven-linked" system to link with the rating of the evaluation station. Five-stop system: (1) The driving license, driving license, driving license, road transport license, line sign, and dispatching notice for super-long passenger cars are incomplete or irregular; (2) If the on-site inspection of brakes, lights, steering, wipers and transmission systems of the bus reported for duty fails, it will not leave the station; (3) If there are less than two drivers who drink and drive or drive the long night bus, they are not allowed to leave the station; (4) The vehicle is too high and overloaded to leave the station; (5) It is not advisable to drive without leaving the station in bad weather; What are the "three products"? Explosive, flammable and corrosive dangerous goods.

Do a good job of "five customs": (1) transportation market access; (2) driver qualification examination; (3) vehicle inspection; (4) the station "five never leaves the station"; (5) the "three products" inspection of the station. What is "anti-three violations": (1) anti-illegal operation; (2) Anti-illegal command; (3) violation of labor discipline.

Five indicators of safety assessment: (1) road transport accident rate; (2) mortality; (3) Injury rate; (4) Economic loss rate; (5) Road-source mortality. "Three No" ships: (1) No ship name and ship number; (2) No ship certificate; (3) There is no port of registry.

"Five Implementations" of enterprise safety work: (1) institutions; (2) personnel; (3) responsibilities; (4) funds; (5) equipment. "Do not leave Hong Kong": (1) Do not leave Hong Kong in violation of relevant national laws, regulations or port and shipping rules; (two) unseaworthy or unfit for towing, shall not sail; (3) After a traffic accident, the procedures are unclear and it is impossible to sail; (4) Failing to pay the fees to the competent authorities or relevant departments or providing appropriate guarantees, the ship shall not sail; (5) Don't sail if it hinders traffic safety.

Overtaking prevention: speeding, overloading and overtime fatigue driving. "Three Don't hurt": don't hurt others, don't hurt yourself, and don't be hurt by others.

"Three documents": repair application form, process inspection form, completion form and automobile maintenance factory certificate. "Five inspections": 1. The implementation of the responsibility system for production safety; Two, check the establishment, improvement and implementation of enterprise safety management rules and regulations; Third, the safety inspection of bus passenger stations should focus on the implementation of the "five non-exit" management system, the "three products" inspection and fire prevention. For passenger stations that fail to meet the above requirements, the transportation management department should send people to wait and urge rectification; Four, the safety inspection of operating vehicles, the focus is to check whether the technical condition of the vehicle is in good condition, whether to establish a complete vehicle technical file, whether to adhere to the trunk protection system, and resolutely stop the vehicles with unqualified technical conditions; Five, we must strictly certify the driver's license and issue the driver's license. Industry management departments and enterprises should conduct an inventory of the driver's license of enterprise employees, resolutely implement the requirements of the provincial government on drivers driving buses for less than three years and driving safely for less than 50 thousand kilometers, and re-examine the driver's license.

"Five Concentrations": "Vehicle registration, household registration book, driver's license, driving license and insurance card" are centrally managed by enterprises. "Five unifications": unified labor and personnel management, unified production command and dispatch, unified vehicle technical maintenance management, unified safety insurance management, unified professional ethics education and service quality management.

"Five compliance": the service unit, road transport certificate, line plate, door emblem and qualification certificate are consistent. "Five Fixed" safety management of passenger vehicles: fixed route, fixed vehicle, fixed driver, person in charge of maintenance and inspection of fixed vehicle, and person in charge of safety supervision of fixed operation.

China traffic safety management system: enterprise responsibility, industry management, state supervision and mass supervision. "three stresses and one highlight": grasp the foundation, grasp the source, grasp the implementation and highlight the key points.

The "four-pass principle" of safety supervision: the cause of the accident has not been ascertained, the parties and the masses have not been educated, the person responsible for the accident has not been dealt with, and practical preventive measures have not been formulated. New construction, reconstruction and expansion projects must be "three simultaneities" with the main project: designed, constructed and put into production and use at the same time.

"Dangerous goods": refers to inflammable and explosive goods, dangerous chemicals, radioactive goods and other goods that can endanger personal safety and property safety. Major hazard sources: refers to units (including places and facilities) that produce, transport, use or store dangerous goods for a long time or temporarily, and the quantity of dangerous goods is equal to or exceeds the critical quantity.

Safety production management policy: safety first, prevention first. Principles of accident investigation and handling: seeking truth from facts and respecting science.

The principles of inland river traffic safety management are: safety first, prevention first, convenience for the masses, and management according to law. Water traffic accident: refers to the collision, touching, hitting rocks, wave damage, grounding, fire, explosion, sinking and other events that cause personal injury and property loss between ships and floating facilities in inland navigable waters.

Fire protection policy: prevention first, combination of prevention and elimination. Direct leadership responsibility: refers to the leading cadres in party member who are irresponsible, fail to perform their duties or perform their duties incorrectly, and bear the main leadership responsibility for the losses caused.

Important leadership: refers to the leading cadres in party member who fail to perform their duties or perform their duties incorrectly within the scope of statutory duties, and bear secondary leadership responsibility for the losses caused. General leadership responsibility: refers to that leading cadres in party member neglected or failed to correct major problems existing in subordinate units, resulting in major accidents, and assumed certain leadership responsibilities for the losses caused.

Direct economic loss: refers to the actual value of property losses caused by the behavior of the person directly responsible. Direct economic loss amount: refers to the actual loss amount at the time of filing.

Ten systems of safety management: safety responsibility; Safety activity system; Safety inspection system; Safety reward and punishment system; Equipment (vehicle) inspection system; Equipment (vehicle) inspection system; Labor protection articles use system; Safety learning, education and training system; Technical operation of post safety.