What kind of job has a future?

There is no distinction between high and low occupations, and everything has a future. If a person wants to have a future in his career, he must first position himself well, and then seek a path suitable for his own development, instead of blindly following the crowd. A promising job can mean making a lot of money, or it can mean the honor and achievements that the job brings you. Here are eight hot jobs for you. These jobs are jobs with big gaps and high wages. They are: financial analysts, lawyers, career planners, health managers, psychological counselors, media people, online merchants and direct sellers.

1, financial analyst

CFA, they are some senior financial talents with good education, excellent financial theory accomplishment and professional certification. With the rapid development of economy, commercial banks, insurance companies, securities companies, fund management companies and other financial institutions are constantly emerging, and financial analysts are very popular.

2. Lawyers

With the rapid development of economy, there are more and more economic and trade frictions related to it. With the improvement of social legal system, people are increasingly aware of the importance of protecting their legitimate rights and interests through legal channels. Therefore, the demand for lawyers is growing. It is expected to become the most promising career in the future.

3. Career planner

Employment has increasingly become the focus of social attention. On the one hand, it is difficult to find employment, on the other hand, it is difficult to recruit workers, which highlights that people are increasingly at a loss in job hunting, job selection and career development. Therefore, vocational counseling has become an urgent need of society. However, the existing career planners are far from meeting the needs of society.

4. Health Manager

Its accurate definition is: professionals engaged in monitoring, analysis, evaluation, health consultation, guidance and risk factor intervention of individual or group health. The "National Health Management Project" being promoted and implemented by the state is a series of digital huge projects, which must be completed by the state, the collective and the individual, and its specific work must be completed by health managers.

5. Psychological counselor

Refers to the professionals who use the professional knowledge of psychology and related disciplines, follow the psychological principles and help solve psychological problems through psychological counseling techniques and methods. In this field, the three fastest-growing types of talents are mental health consultants, mental health and substance abuse social workers, and marriage and family therapists. With the fierce social competition and the accelerated pace of people's work, mental health problems have become one of the factors that affect people's physical and mental health and social stability. In developed countries, there is one psychological counselor for every thousand people on average. If the ratio is 1: 1 000, China needs at least 400,000 psychological counselors. With the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to their own health, and the career prospects of mental health teachers are generally optimistic.

6. Media people

With the vigorous development of the Internet, new media are constantly emerging, and the demand for talents in the media industry is diversified and market-oriented. Special director, agent, producer, sound engineer and other positions also show the characteristics of multimedia development. China, as the country with the largest audience in the media industry in the world, accounts for 20% of the audience in the world, and the TV audience exceeds 900 million. It is estimated that10 million households will be added every year. With the increase of domestic industry access permits, more and more foreign companies will enter the media industry, and the competition and demand for talents in the media industry will also increase.

7. Online merchants

Refers to individuals who use e-commerce tools to conduct business activities on the Internet, including entrepreneurs, businessmen and individual shopkeepers. Since the concept appeared in 2004, "online merchants" have become synonymous with a group of new traders. This group has grown up and created countless business miracles. Which industry in China will "fly like a bullet" with the fastest growth in the future? According to a report published by Credit Suisse, this may be e-commerce. There are also data showing that the development speed of e-commerce in China is 10 times of GDP, and the growth rate of online retail is increasing at an annual rate of 100%. It can be seen that the momentum is fierce and unstoppable.

8. Direct distributors

Direct selling has low risk and low investment, which is a good opportunity for individuals to start their own businesses and an inevitable choice for expanding employment and domestic demand. Although direct selling is a new industry, it has great potential. During the financial crisis, only the contrarian rise of the direct selling industry can prove this. If you can do two jobs at the same time, then you are the best.

Two. Measures taken by banks to optimize the business environment?

1. Vigorously promote the cultivation of the first loan: increase the publicity of policies related to the first loan, and expand the publicity of the customer base through outlets, participation in county-level bank-enterprise matchmaking meetings and business exchange meetings.

2. Strictly implement fee reduction and profit-making: conscientiously implement the requirements of regulatory authorities for profit-making enterprises, actively promote private enterprises and small and micro enterprises to reduce fees and profit-making, comprehensively consider factors such as income contribution and growth cycle, and formulate differentiated interest rate policies according to market, customer and regional characteristics. In the past two years, the loan interest rate has been kept in a low range.

3. Innovative financing channels: The online "quick and easy loan" credit loan product for small and micro enterprises has been launched, which makes full use of the big data development of tax authorities and relevant departments, and is one of the important products to explore and optimize the business environment and actively promote inclusive finance.

4. Improve service quality and efficiency: Based on the principle of "compressible compression, merger and integration, simplification and simplification", optimize the process of obtaining loans for enterprises by allocating more examination and approval personnel and opening green channels, so that enterprises can run fewer errands and complete financing faster.

5. Increase the supply of micro-credit: conscientiously implement the strategic deployment of the regulatory authorities to accelerate the development of inclusive finance, accelerate the development of inclusive finance through assessment and encouragement, product innovation, bank-enterprise docking, bank-government cooperation, and help small and medium-sized enterprises to resume their work and production, and achieve good results.

Third, the three banks grew steadily by expanding credit.

The reporter learned that by expanding credit supply, the three banks, especially CDB and Agricultural Development Bank, played an important role in the process of steady growth. In recent years, the state has accelerated the transformation of shanty towns, allowing hundreds of millions of residents to "get out of the shed and enter the building" to improve people's livelihood, and at the same time effectively stimulate investment and promote consumption.

And the time goes back five years. In the first quarter of 20 14, China's economic growth rate dropped to 7.4%, 0.5 percentage points lower than the same period last year. On April 2nd of that year, the State Council held an executive meeting and decided that China Development Bank should set up a special agency to support shed reform and other related projects. In the eyes of market participants, shed reform is an "important starting point" for stable investment and even steady growth, which has continued to this day.

In order to solve the problem of funding sources, the central bank created PLS to provide funds to CDB, and CDB then issued shed reform loans to local governments. From 20 15 to 10, PLS has extended its support to Agricultural Development Bank and Export-Import Bank, and extended its support to water conservancy construction and "going out" projects.

Relying on the blessing of PSL and the advantages of financing through the bond market, the balance sheets of the three banks have expanded rapidly in the past five years.

According to the data of the annual report, CDB's assets at the end of the year were 20 16. 1 trillion, an increase of 97.6% compared with the end of 20 13, and its assets were second only to the four major banks. In the same period, the assets of the Agricultural Development Bank reached 6.85 trillion yuan, an increase of 65,438+0.6 times compared with the end of 2065,438+03, surpassing the five major stock banks of Minsheng, CITIC, Pudong Development Bank, Xingye and China Merchants, and the expansion was particularly rapid. The bank's assets increased from 1.88 trillion in 20 13 to 4 19 trillion in 20 18, an increase of 1.2 times. In the same period, the asset growth of state-owned banks and joint-stock banks was mostly around 60%.

Unlike listed banks, the three banks only publish annual reports, which are not as detailed as listed banks and are relatively "mysterious". Because they undertake some policy businesses, the scale is huge (the total assets of the three banks reach 27.2 trillion), so their changes also need attention. Recently, the Agricultural Development Bank published the 20 18 annual report, and the annual reports of the three banks have been disclosed, which constitutes an important window to observe the changes of the three banks.

The reporter learned that by expanding credit supply, the three banks, especially CDB and Agricultural Development Bank, played an important role in the process of steady growth. However, because some businesses are bound by government credit, it is suspected of adding implicit debt. Under the new situation, the traditional government business is also facing the problem of transformation.

Extended path

Infrastructure business has always been CDB's specialty, which also involves shed reform business, but its early scale is not large. In 20 14, with the support of the central bank PSL, the scale of shed reform loans issued by CDB increased rapidly.

According to the annual report, in 20 13, CDB only issued shantytown renovation loans of 106 billion, while in 20 14, it nearly tripled to 408.6 billion, and continued to grow to 972.5 billion in 20 16. Since then, it has declined, and the new scale in 20 18 is less than 700 billion.

After several years of large-scale investment (20 14-20 18), the shed reform loan has become the largest business of CDB. The annual report data also shows that by the end of 20 18, the balance of CDB loans was 3.2 trillion, accounting for 27.4% of the total loan balance. The second largest business is highway loans, accounting for 1 1 percentage point lower than that of shed reform loans.

The Agricultural Development Bank, which mainly provides grain, cotton, oil and loans for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, intervened in the shed reform business on a large scale on 20 16. Compared with CDB, the advantages of the Agricultural Development Bank are more people and more outlets: the Agricultural Development Bank has more than 50,000 employees, while CDB has less than 1 10,000 employees; The Agricultural Development Bank has nearly 2,000 county branches, while CDB only has branches in provincial capitals and sub-provincial cities.

"Most of CDB's shed reform projects are in cooperation with provincial and prefecture-level municipal governments to unify loans and repayment. The Agricultural Development Bank has worked hard at the county and city levels for many years and won many shed reform projects at the county and even city levels. " A person from the financing department of a prefecture-level city in a central province said, "Because the project risk is low and the income is guaranteed, the government credit is basically bound."

According to the annual report of the Agricultural Development Bank, in 20 15, the shed reform loan provided by the Agricultural Development Bank was only 28.3 billion yuan, but it surged to 213.3 billion yuan in 20 16, and further rose to 587.6 billion yuan in 20 18. In the past four years, the Agricultural Development Bank has invested a total of10.25 trillion yuan, and the shed reform loan has also become the main business of the Agricultural Development Bank.

On the one hand, large-scale shed reform loans come from the support of the central bank PSL. In 20 14, the central bank provided 383 1 billion yuan of PSL funds, and in 20 14-20 18, the PSL funds were between 4000-1000 billion yuan. By the end of 20 18, the PSL balance had increased to 3.37 trillion.

On the other hand, it benefits from the transaction structure design of the government's purchase of shed reform services. Its main mode is that the main body of shed reform pledges the government purchase service contract to the bank for financing. According to the contract, the government will pay the purchase funds to the enterprise by stages for the project capital investment and repayment of bank loans. From the perspective of penetration, it is essentially a financial reform of shed-to-shed loan, which is suspected of adding implicit debt.

In the last round of steady growth, special construction funds were also an important way. Its operation mode is that CDB and the Agricultural Development Bank issue special construction bonds to the Postal Savings Bank, and then use the funds raised by the special construction bonds to establish a special construction fund, and CDB or IFAD will invest in the project company in the form of equity.

In the case of large-scale start-up, the fund invested in some private enterprise projects. However, due to risk considerations, CDB and IFAD require local financing platforms to buy back the equity of private enterprise projects held by the fund as agreed, and private enterprises will buy back the equity from local financing platforms. If we look up the industrial and commercial information of financing platform companies in prefecture-level cities, we can find that most of their shareholders have shares in IFAD or CDB.

"The last round of steady growth mainly provided capital through special construction funds, but in the end it increased the government's implicit debt. Therefore, this round of steady growth directly uses local government bonds to provide capital. " A banking analyst at a foreign bank said.

The special construction fund declined. Take CDB as an example. At the end of 20 15, the balance of its special bonds was 0.58 trillion, increased to 1.39 trillion at the end of 20 17, and dropped to 1.35 trillion at the end of 20 18. According to the analysis, this may be that some local governments buy back special construction funds in advance.

The road to transformation

The reporter learned that CDB and ABC's infrastructure businesses such as shed reform, water conservancy and highways are mostly bound to government credit, which may increase hidden government debt.

A person from the credit department of the western provinces of the Agricultural Development Bank said: "The project is not lacking, but it is difficult to do. If the new hidden debt will be held accountable, it is a huge risk. Therefore, we are more cautious about government projects and only do some projects where the income can cover the principal and interest, but where the income comes from is a big problem. "

Recently, she also received a task to understand how the Agricultural Development Bank and local governments can continue to cooperate, including changes in development methods, varieties and models, in the context of increasing policy pressure caused by the government's implicit debt clearance.

The reporter learned that the Agricultural Development Bank recently issued a notice asking all branches to actively support the loan projects in TOT mode. According to the document, the TOT model, as an important model in PPP projects, is conducive to revitalizing government stock assets; Supporting TOT model can help local governments reduce their financial burden and deepen the cooperative relationship between policy banks and local governments.

Market analysts believe that some financial institutions have tried many TOT projects before. Agricultural Development Bank is now involved because the traditional platform business (such as shed reform and water conservancy loans) is suspected of increasing hidden debts, and the government business of Agricultural Development Bank has been greatly reduced, so it is urgent to find new investments and models.

CDB has also made some explorations. In March this year, Zheng Zhijie, president of CDB, said in an interview that he suggested expanding the use of PSL and increasing support for the development of the real economy. At the beginning of July this year, the notice issued by Zhejiang Development and Reform Commission and Zhejiang CDB showed that PSL expanded the scope of support.

According to the notice, low-cost financial support will be given to projects that meet the application criteria for mortgage supplementary loan funds (PSL) in the fields of "Belt and Road", international production capacity and equipment manufacturing, eco-environmental protection, underground pipe gallery, scientific and technological innovation and research and development, clean energy, integrated circuits and supporting industries.

From the perspective of infrastructure in a broad sense, by the end of 20 18, the balance of CDB railway, highway, electric power, public infrastructure and shantytown renovation loans accounted for nearly 70%. It is obviously illegal to bind government credit under strict supervision, and a new model needs to be explored. "This is destined to be painful." A person from the credit department of a provincial branch in western CDB said frankly.

"Compared with IFAD and CDB, the Export-Import Bank focuses on foreign trade business credit, and its adherence to policy business runs through from its establishment to the present, with a clear direction." The chief analyst of a brokerage in Shanghai said. Because the three banks are the main issuers in the bond market, they are also concerned by the participants in the bond market.

Influence of interest rate marketization

Unlike commercial banks, CDB, Agricultural Development Bank and Export Bank mainly raise funds by issuing bonds.

According to the annual report data, by the end of 20 18, the balance of bonds payable by CDB, Agricultural Bank of China and ICBC were 9 1 trillion, 4.2 trillion and 2.6 trillion respectively, accounting for 6 1.4%, 63% and 66% of their liabilities respectively. In view of the fact that the bond market interest rate has achieved market-oriented pricing, and now the loan interest rate is anchored to LPR, the asset side of the three banks will also achieve market-oriented pricing, so both the asset side and the liability side will take the lead in achieving market-oriented pricing.

Some commercial banks are also worried that the liabilities of commercial banks mainly come from deposits, and the cost of deposit interest rate is difficult to come down in the short term. However, CDB, CDB and Agricultural Development Bank rely on national credit to raise funds in the bond market, and their cost is lower than the deposit interest rate. If all three banks are involved in some commercial businesses, they will have obvious advantages.

In fact, how to accurately define commercial business and policy business is also a debate that the three banks need to face. According to a lender of the Agricultural Development Bank of a city in central China, some small and micro loans were put into operation for the first time this year, and the credit enhancement was mainly guaranteed by the provincial guarantee company. Traditionally, small and micro enterprise loans are commercial businesses, but under the background of supporting small and micro enterprises, such businesses have policy implications. So how to define it?

According to the operating data, CDB 20 18 realized a profit of 1 12 1 billion, which was slightly narrower than the previous year. Agricultural Development Bank's net profit 18 1 billion, a slight increase of 5.8% year-on-year; The bank's net profit changed from 20 17 loss 122 billion to 218 profit of 4.82 billion.

"After the foreign exchange capital injection in 2065438+2005, the export bank continued to operate overseas after receiving 45 billion US dollars of foreign exchange. With the appreciation of RMB 20 17, the bank suffered exchange losses; In 20 18, the RMB depreciated, gaining exchange gains and bringing about profit changes. " The exchange rate research director of a foreign bank said.

However, he reminded that this operation is still a normal move, depending on the perspective. Some enterprises tend to avoid large changes in foreign exchange gains and losses, and often increase hedging operations. It is also common for companies with higher acceptance of valuation fluctuations caused by exchange rate changes.