What did the Sui and Tang Dynasties leave us?

The architecture in Sui and Tang Dynasties has reached a quite mature stage. The building is large in scale, bold in spirit, neat but not rigid, gorgeous but not refined. Especially in bridge engineering, it has made outstanding achievements.

1. Zhao Zhouqiao is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world, which was designed and built by Li Chun in Sui Dynasty.

Zhao Zhouqiao, formerly known as Anji Bridge, is a stone arch bridge designed and built by Li Chun, an outstanding craftsman in Sui Dynasty. Located on the Weihe River in Nanwuli, Zhao County, Hebei Province. Zhao County was called Zhaozhou in ancient times, so Anji Bridge is also called Zhao Zhouqiao. Zhao Zhouqiao's design is very scientific and consists of five arches. The big arch in the middle has a span of 37.45 meters, and there are two small arches at both ends of the big arch, which can not only reduce the load of the big arch and the bridge foundation, but also divert the flood and save building materials. At the same time, the small arch also adds a beautiful, exquisite and vivid gesture to the stone bridge itself. Zhao Zhouqiao is strong and durable, and the bridge deck is gentle, which is conducive to traffic. Zhao Zhouqiao has basically maintained its original appearance, and chariots and horses can still pass. About 1400 years ago, after a long period of floods, earthquakes and weathering, it still stood. This is a miracle, and the emergence of this miracle is undoubtedly due to the ingenious design.

Du Fu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, praised Anji Bridge for "driving a stone flying beam to make a rainbow, and the black dragon was frightened and ground empty"; Liu Baixi of the Yuan Dynasty wrote a poem praising "Water flows over Yuhuan, and people get on the back of the black dragon". Zhu, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, praised Anji Bridge for "a hundred feet of rainbow crossed the water, and a crescent moon rose out of the sky", which is actually not commendable.

Liang Sicheng, a famous modern ancient architect, said that the structure of Zhao Zhouqiao "adopts a way of knowing engineering mechanics very well and extremely economical and intelligent control. ..... showing a very modern and progressive engineering spirit, which is amazing. " 199 1 year, American society of civil engineers selected Zhao Zhouqiao as "International Civil Engineering Historical Monument".

Zhao Zhouqiao has become a rare and beautiful scenery in the history of bridge architecture, listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the state, and an important local tourism resource, attracting countless domestic and foreign tourists every year.

2. Tang Dou Chang 'an and Daming Palace Hanyuan Hall

It is about 9,700 meters long from east to west and 8,600 meters long from north to south, which is ten times the area of Xi 'an Old Town today. Chang 'an is a huge city of "One Million Chang 'an" and the largest city in the world at that time.

Chang' an city and the square are separate and symmetrical. Streets and houses in the city are planned like a chessboard. The streets in the city are neat, wide and straight, lined with trees and drainage facilities. These are all new creations in the history of urban architecture in China.

Daming Palace is located on the Dragon Head Courtyard in the northeast of Chang 'an, commanding and built by Emperor Taizong. Hanyuan Temple is the main hall of Daming Palace. Every year on New Year's Day and the winter solstice, the emperor will hold a big court meeting, and major ceremonies such as military parade and prisoner offering will be held here. Its nature is equivalent to the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City in Beijing, and its area is basically the same.

The magnificent Hanyuan Temple complex fully demonstrates the outstanding creative talents of China architects and designers 1300 years ago.

(B) the invention of block printing

1. Block printing was invented in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Before the invention of printing, people copied books by hand, which was time-consuming and laborious and easy to make mistakes. People invented block printing in Sui and Tang Dynasties. What is block printing?

2. The earliest block-printed Diamond Sutra in the world.

The original engraving printing in the Tang Dynasty has been lost. The Diamond Sutra we see now is about 488 cm long. The front of the scroll is the Buddha statue, followed by the scriptures. It is a fairy tale that Sakyamuni told his disciples, and all the immortals around him are listening. Everyone looks very serious. Beautiful picture, smooth lines, neat fonts, simple and thick, even ink and wash, skilled knife work, is a beautiful printmaking art.

That is to say, this Diamond Sutra is a Buddhist sutra carved by a man named Wang Jun in the ninth year of the founding of the Communist Party of China, that is, in 868 AD, to pray for his parents to eliminate disasters. In this way, this diamond sutra is the earliest block printing with exact date in the world.

The earliest block printing in the world was the Diamond Sutra, but it was taken away by foreign colonists in modern times.

"1900, when the Thousand Buddha Cave in Dunhuang on the Silk Road was repaired, a secret cave was discovered, which was full of ancient manuscripts and paintings. This Thousand-Buddha Cave, which opened in 366 AD, has 469 caves, each of which is full of artistic masterpieces left by painters and sculptors from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty 1000 years ago. The discovery of this treasure house of cultural relics and arts quickly attracted the attention of imperialists. 1907, marc stein, a Hungarian who worked for Britain, got wind of it and immediately went to Qianboiling Cave with Jiang Xiaowan, an interpreter from China. He tried his best to trick Wang Daochang, the abbot of the Thousand Buddha Cave, and selected 24 boxes of ancient manuscripts, 5 boxes of ancient paintings and silk embroidery, totaling more than 10000 pieces, all of which were delivered to the British Museum in London. And he only paid 500 taels of silver and 130 Jin in taxes for these rare treasures. 19 14 years, Stan cheated five boxes of manuscripts from here, including more than 600 volumes of Buddhist scriptures. Among them, the woodcut "Diamond Sutra" in 868 AD is an extremely rare treasure in the history of printing. Stein is an extremely greedy so-called "sinologist". He carried out three cultural relics sweeps in the western regions of China, which lasted 16 years, and stole enough precious cultural relics and documents to fill a museum. There are many, many problems like this ... ".

Tang poetry is the main achievement of Tang literature, and the Tang Dynasty is the most glorious period of China's classical poetry. There are nearly 50,000 poems left over from the Tang Dynasty, two or three times more than those left over from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the number of famous poets greatly exceeds the sum of all famous poets from the Warring States to the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Generally speaking, Tang poetry can be divided into four periods: early Tang, prosperous Tang, middle Tang and late Tang.

(1) The outstanding poet in the early Tang Dynasty was Chen Ziang. At the beginning of the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, it was the frivolous palace poems of the Southern Dynasties that occupied the poetic world. Until the reign of Tang Gaozong, Chen Ziang, whose life experience, thoughts and feelings were different from those of palace poets, tried his best to get rid of the "decadent" poetic style advocated by Liang Chen and advocated "style" in his poetry creation under the call of restoring ancient ways. His Story of Youzhou Tower contributed to the development of Tang poetry.

(2) The prosperous Tang Dynasty was an era of brilliant poetry, and the development of Tang poetry reached the peak of prosperity, with many famous poets, schools and poetic styles. The pastoral school, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, describes a leisurely and quiet pastoral life. Although they sometimes reveal the negative thoughts and political frustrations of Buddha and Lao, they have made great achievements in art. Their poems have enriched the pastoral poems formed since the Jin and Song Dynasties and have a certain position in the history of literature. At this time, students can recall the characteristics of Wang Wei's poems they learned in middle school at first. The poems of frontier poets Gao Shi and others not only depict the magnificent frontier scenery, but also reflect the fearless spirit, optimistic spirit, homesickness and the difference between soldiers, adding fresh and magnificent colors to Tang poetry. Li Bai and Du Fu were the highest achievers in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai despises powerful people, is cynical, yearns for light and pursues freedom; His poems are magnificent, passionate, imaginative and far-reaching, with outstanding romantic style, and are known as "poetic immortals". He is another great romantic poet after Qu Yuan. "Difficult Road to Shu" and "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" are all masterpieces of the ages. Teachers can also recite Li Bai's A Word to Meng Haoran to students and experience the style of Li Bai's poems. Du Fu is an outstanding realistic poet in our country, and he is known as "Poet Saint". Du Fu lived in the era of prosperity and decline before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and was poor and frustrated all his life. Therefore, his poems exposed the political fatuity and decadent life of the ruling class, reflected the tragic situation of the lower class before and after the war, and showed sympathy for the working people and concern for state affairs. His poetic style is deep and ups and downs; The language foundation is very profound. "For human nature, language is not surprisingly endless." This serious creative spirit of "no regrets" makes him a great representative of realistic poets, and his excellent works include Three Officials and Three Farewells.

(3) After the Anshi Rebellion, the vitality of the Tang Dynasty was greatly weakened, and the social contradictions at the bottom became increasingly acute. The realistic spirit of poetry completely replaced the high-spirited optimism and became the mainstream in the middle Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, inherited Du Fu's tradition, further advocated that "articles should be written on time, and songs and poems should be written according to events", and set off a new Yuefu movement, arguing that poetry should develop along the realistic direction of "supplementing current events and releasing human feelings" and pursue a simple and simple poetic style in art. Bai Juyi's 50 satirical poems "New Yuefu" are the representatives of this kind of poetry.

In the late Tang Dynasty, feudal rule was in jeopardy and class contradictions were unprecedented. With the decline of the national situation, the style of poetry has also changed. Du Mu and Li Shangyin are two highly accomplished poets who were active in the early stage of the late Tang Dynasty. Du Mu advocates "paying attention" in literary creation, and opposes the simple pursuit of "rhetoric", which is more in line with reality. Li Shangyin's career was bumpy all his life, but he always cared about politics, and chanting historical poems accounted for a large proportion in his poems. The epics of these two poets both reflect the declining reality of the Tang Dynasty, but both reveal personal frustrations. In art, Du Mu pursues "sublime" and is not satisfied with "wonderful"; Li Shangyin, on the other hand, formed a unique style of deep affection, grace, elegance and delicacy, and made new contributions to the development of China's classical poetry.

Chen Ziang

Chen Ziang (about 659-700), born in Zizhou (now Sichuan), was a writer in the Tang Dynasty. When he was a teenager, his family was rich and generous, and Ren Xia became angry as an adult. Joined the nationalist army twice, familiar with frontier fortress scenery and military life. Chen Ziang's poems, with their progressive and substantial ideological content and simple and vigorous language style, have exerted great influence on the whole Tang poetry. There are more than *** 100 poems in Chen Ziang. His masterpiece "Youzhou Tower" was written when he went north to explore Qidan with the army. He gave advice to the military in the army, but many suggestions were not adopted, frustrated and bored. He wrote this song to express his deep concern. Youzhoutai, namely Jibei Building, is said to have been built by Yan Zhaowang during the Warring States Period. The ancients, outstanding figures in history; Newcomers are descendants who can contribute to the country. The meaning of this poem is that a person standing on the platform of Youzhou can't help crying when he thinks of the endless universe of heaven and earth, and then thinks that his loneliness and ambition can't be displayed.

meng haoran

Meng Haoran (about 689-740) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Xiangyang (now Hubei) people. He lived in seclusion in his early years and traveled to Chang 'an at the age of forty, but failed to pass the exam. Just Wei, he is also called "Wang Meng". His poems are light, good at writing landscapes and reflecting seclusion. There is Meng Haoran's collection.

Wang Wei

Wei Wang (? -76 1), a poet and painter in the Tang Dynasty. The word stroke. You cheng, the official to the history. There are nearly 400 poems by Wang Weicun. It is famous for its beautiful scenery and idyllic poems. Su Shi praised Wang Wei's poems and paintings in Dongpo Zhi Lin, saying, "There are paintings in poems and poems in paintings." Wang Wei's snow flow map is kept in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Gaoshi

Gao Shi (706-765) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Dafu is from Bohai (now Hebei). Not so poor, frustrated. Later, he served as our envoy, was familiar with military life, and was famous for frontier fortress poems. It is as famous as Cen Can, and is called "Gao Cen", which has similar poetic style and heroic momentum.

Cen Can

Cen Can (about 7 15-770) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. When he reached middle age, he went to the fortress twice, full of ambition to serve the country and wanted to open up a future in the army. Although he failed to succeed, his poetry theme was unprecedented and his style changed greatly. Magnificent and magnificent colors and tragic and heroic style have become the basic colors of his frontier poems. His frontier poems not only describe the military career, but also describe the changeable scenery of nature. One of the most representative songs is Snow White and Tian Shuji Wu Farewell Home. The whole poem is as follows: "The north wind rolls the ground and leaves a hundred flowers fold, and eight In the snow crosses the Tatar sky. Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in bloom. It entered the pearl shutters and wetted the silk curtains. The fur coat felt cold, the cotton pad was thin, the bow became stiff and almost impossible to pull out, and the metal of the armor condensed on the man. Han dried up a hundred feet of ice, and the gloomy clouds were bleak, and Wan Li condensed. In the manager's account, this wine is a farewell party, and the Huqin Pipa flute ensemble adds luster to this entertainment. In the evening, in front of the headquarters gate, heavy snow fell, the red flag froze, and the wind could not move. " Luntai East Gate, welcome to the capital, you have left, and Tianshan Road is covered with snow. ".Then he disappeared at the corner of the pass, leaving only his hoofprint. "

Grottoes art

Cave temples used to refer to temples and monasteries dug in the mountains, which are sacred halls for religious believers to worship. With the widespread spread of religion, cave temples have gradually become the carrier of religious culture and developed into a complex integrating architecture, sculpture, murals, decoration and other arts. Cave temples in China occupy a particularly important position in the history of Buddhist culture in the world. With rich and varied contents and forms, exquisite and vivid techniques, it presents a clear and complete context of the development of Buddhist art since the Sixteen Countries. Buddhism and Buddhist art in ancient India followed the ancient Silk Road, crossed the Pamirs, entered Yumenguan along the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain, and reached Dunhuang. Subsequently, Buddhism had a wide and profound influence on the culture of China and China, and the grand occasion of worshipping Buddhism was also reflected in the grotto art that mushroomed. Grotto art mainly includes colored sculptures, sculptures, murals and decorations. Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are known as "art treasures" because they have concentrated a large number of grotto art treasures. Its rich relics of the Tang Dynasty also show people the chronicle of the grotto art in the Tang Dynasty. The statue of Buddha in the Sui Dynasty in Dunhuang embodies the characteristics of the transition from the Northern Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, while the statue of Buddha in the Tang Dynasty has the characteristics of the Han nationality, and the statue is gentle, kind, solemn and full. Dunhuang murals are closely composed, colorful and lifelike, reflecting the prosperity and vitality of the Tang Dynasty empire.

Zhan Ziqian and You Chuntu.

Zhan Ziqian, a painter in the Sui Dynasty, lived in the Northern Qi and Zhou Dynasties and worked as a doctor and general manager in the Sui Dynasty. He is good at drawing figures, landscapes and pavilions. According to legend, he painted characters in detail, drawing a horse with a trend, lying in a jumping shape, and writing about mountains and rivers. He painted Buddhist murals in monasteries in Luoyang, Chang 'an and Jiangdu. You Chuntu, the representative work, is the oldest scroll landscape painting in existence, describing the aristocratic spring outing (some people think it is not the original, but copied by later generations). This painting is inscribed by Song Huizong with the words "There is a picture of spring before a child looks forward". It vividly depicts the appearance of tourists indulging in the mountains and rivers under the bright spring. The lake is sparkling and the mountains are green. There are tourists riding horses in the mountains, women taking boats in the water and bridges in front of the waterfalls. Although the characters are as small as beans, the dynamics can be pointed out one by one. This painting shows the painter's love for the motherland and beautiful spring scenery. It is particularly noteworthy that the proportion of people and mountains in the painting is appropriate, and the relationship between distance and distance is handled properly (landscape paintings in Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are often "more people than mountains" and the expression technique is immature). This shows that the landscape painting of Sui Dynasty has developed to a new stage.

Xiao Yi earns Lanting map.

The Orchid Pavilion in Xiao Yi was written by Yan, a painter in the Tang Dynasty. Xiao Yi, Emperor Taizong, was an adviser to the Western Empress Dowager. Emperor Taizong especially loved Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. He heard that the old monk had collected the original of Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting, so he sent Xiao Yi to get it. Xiao Yi got the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion with one stroke, which was "full of joy" (Notes on Gaizhai), while the old monk's eloquence was "Zhang Yi was eclipsed by pearls" (Notes on Gaizhai). This painting reflects Xiao Yide's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, and his negative expression is vivid. However, there has been controversy in academic circles about whether this painting is an original of Yan.

Ouyang Xun

Ou Yangxun (557-64 1) was born in Linxiang, Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan). Gong Calligraphy, Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang are also called the great calligraphers in Grade Three. As a beginner of Wang Xizhi's book, he was bold and incisive, and saw the danger in the middle of Ping Shu, which made him unique and called "European style". His calligraphy is best in regular script. His Fiona Fang is both powerful and dangerous. Because his regular script has very strict procedures in both pen and structure, it is most convenient for beginners. Today, European regular script is still a model for us to learn. Inscriptions include Jiucheng Palace Li Quanming, Huadu Temple Monument, Yugong Wenyanbo Monument and Huangfu Birthday Monument.

Yu Shinan

Yu Shinan (558-638) was born in Yuyao, Yuezhou (now Zhejiang). He inherited Wang Xizhi's calligraphy tradition. Learning from Zhiyong (the seventh generation grandson of Wang Xizhi), his reputation is above that of Ou Yangxun. His calligraphy is round and square, soft outside and rigid inside, sharp and restrained, and he is one of the great calligraphers in Grade Three. Legend has it that Emperor Taizong studied with Yu Shinan and often found the word "Ge" difficult to write. One day, Emperor Taizong wrote the word "Jin" with the word "Jin", which made Heather fill in the word "Ge". After writing, Wei Zhi asked him to enjoy it. Wei Zhi's method of saying "Ge" is only realistic. This story may not be true, but it shows how much Emperor Taizong valued Yu Shu.

Chu suiliang

Chu Suiliang (596-658) was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). During the reign of Emperor Taizong, he served as a life doctor, a consultant and a secretary. Later, it was assisted by the testamentary edict of Emperor Taizong. After Emperor Taizong acceded to the throne, he served as a minister in the official department, left servants and was familiar with political affairs. Seal the duke of Henan. Later, he was demoted to death for opposing Gao and Wu Zetian. He is engaged in calligraphy and is one of the great calligraphers in Grade Three. His calligraphy studies include Wang Xizhi, Yu Shinan and Ou Yangxun. After Yu Shinan's death, Emperor Taizong said to Wei Zhi, "No one can discuss books after Yu Shinan's death". Wei Zhi recommended: "Chu Suiliang's hard work won the king's body." Emperor Taizong immediately called Chu Shi Zhongshu. Emperor Taizong asked him to identify the authenticity of Wang Xizhi's ink collected in the palace. He distinguished them one by one, showing that he really understood Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. The book review in the Tang Dynasty said that his words were: "Words are gold, deeds are jade, rules are Wen Ya, and beauty is more." Mi Fei's book review in the Northern Song Dynasty said: "Although it is a king's post, it is all Chu Fa", which has a unique personality in inheritance and has a great influence on the book style of later generations. Inscriptions include Meng Fuzi Monument, Square Monument and Preface to Wild Goose Pagoda.

The great calligrapher of grade three

Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang in the Early Tang Dynasty. But there are also "four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty". Then these three people, more on Yukime. Xue Ji is Wei Zheng's nephew. Calligraphy is in the south of the city, Chu Suiliang. It's Chu's high feet. Tang people said that "you can learn from Chu without losing its festival", which shows that he can learn from Chu in form and spirit.

Xu Zhang

Zhang Xu was born in Wu Jun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). The official record of Wu Jinyou's long history. His calligraphy originated from Wang Xizhi, but it is original and innovative. His regular script is completely inherited from European brushwork, while cursive script is a great innovation and development in calligraphy. Han Yu said, "Xu is so cursive that he can't cure other skills." Feeling embarrassed and poor, feeling sad and unhappy, feeling resentful and yearning, feeling drunk and bored, and feeling unfair will all be expressed in cursive script. Looking at things, we can see birds, animals, insects, fish, flowers of vegetation, sun, moon, rain, snow, fire, thunder, thunder, singing and dancing, fighting, the change of heaven and earth, which is gratifying. Therefore, Xu Zhishu's changes are still unpredictable and there is no clue. In this way, it will be famous for generations to come. "The great poet Du Fu wrote in Song of Drinking that he" consecrated three cups of grass in Zhang Xu, took off his hat and appeared in front of the maharaja, waving paper like a cloud. "It can be imagined that he was ecstatic when he painted with emotion and created calligraphy art. According to legend, he often ran away with a loud cry after being drunk, and then put pen to paper, so he was called' Zhang Dian'. But his cursive script seems crazy, but it is not crazy. " "Xuanhe Pu Shu" said: "Although his cursive characters are strange, we should seek their origin, and everyone is not polite in painting, or Zhang Dian is not arrogant. "He used traditional techniques to express his personality and made innovations in calligraphy. He is a calligrapher worthy of his time. Broad, fresh, free and bold, far beyond the previous calligraphers' works, with a strong flavor of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Huai Su

Huai Su (725-785), whose real name was Qian and whose legal name was Huai Su. Changsha people. He inherited and developed Zhang Xu's cursive script, and is famous for "Weeds". According to legend, Huai Su practiced calligraphy diligently, became bald, planted plantains widely, and practiced calligraphy with plantain leaves instead of paper. Because of its name, its residence is "Qingmiao". Good at drinking and writing, like a whirlwind of showers, flies around, although changeable, but the statutes are ready. He was another cursive writer after Zhang Xu in the Tang Dynasty. He was "crazy" and was called "drunk" with Zhang Xu, which had a great influence on later generations. Ink has autobiographical posts, bitter bamboo shoots posts, thousands of words and so on.

Nine songs, ten songs.

Nine songs and ten songs were banquets in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Banquet music in Zhou dynasty was originally different from elegant music used in temple fair ceremony, which generally referred to folk music. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, on the basis of the development of folk music of the Han nationality and ethnic minorities, banquet music absorbed some foreign music elements and became nine songs and ten songs, which served the celebration, entertainment and banquet of the court. At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, the nine pieces of music formulated by Emperor Yangdi were Shang Qing Ji Ji, Koryo Ji Ji, Tianzhu Ji Ji, Anguo Ji Ji, Qiuci Ji Ji and Ji Ji. In the Yang Guang period, Ji Guo changed to Xiliang Collection, and Qingle ranked first. In addition, nine pieces of music have been added, namely "Guo Kang Collection" and "Shule Collection". Nine changes in early Tang Dynasty. After Emperor Taizong unified Gaochang, he added "Gaochang geisha" to make ten songs. This kind of court music and dance performance can be divided into left geisha and inner geisha according to its scale. Generally, programs reserved by the court, such as "The Joy of the King of Qin", are used to praise the achievements of the rulers and show the strength of the country.

Qin Wang's Broken Array Music

The Song of the King of Qin, also known as the Dance of the Seven Virtues, is one of the most famous court dances in the Tang Dynasty, which was created to praise Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong. When Li Shimin was the king of Qin, he conquered all around and spread to the army, that is, after he acceded to the throne, Lv Caixie's temperament and Wei Zhi wrote songs. In 633, Li Shimin personally produced "Broken Array Dance Map", and ordered Lv Caijiao 120 musicians to dance with armor and halberd. The dance team put on various postures, "the sound and rhyme are vigorous and generous" ("The Collection of Old Tang Songs"), accompanied by music "The Sound Shocks Hundred Miles, Turbulent Valley". Dance not only has a strong sense of war, but also has a deterrent effect, which makes the audience "stunned". Promoting the emperor's martial arts dance is both a tribute and a demonstration. "Broken Array Music" deserves to be a successful work in martial arts dance.

Colorful feathers.

That is, "dancing in a dress and feathers." Famous court music and dance in Tang Dynasty. According to legend, it was presented by the envoy of Xiliang, and later it was changed by Tang Xuanzong. "Colorful Feather" describes the myth that Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty went to the Moon Palace to visit the fairy, so no matter his dance, interest and clothing, he focused on depicting the illusory fairyland and fairy image. Bai Juyi has a poem "Song of Dress Dancing", which gives a detailed description of the structure and dance posture of the song: the whole song is divided into three parts: overture, middle preface and interlude. Playing for instrumental music without dancing or singing; In the middle sequence, there is a beat, a song and a dance; The song broke into the climax of the whole song, full of urgent voice and sonorous tone. At the end, it slowed down, danced and didn't sing. Bai Juyi praised the subtlety of this dance: "There are countless songs and dances, and I love dress dancing." Nishang Feather has been circulated for hundreds of years, and it is a work with great influence in the history of ancient music and dance in China.