The new curriculum standard of the People's Education Press - Chinese Compulsory Course - Key Examination Texts (talk about both classical Chinese and reading, focus on them.)

The following texts are key reading texts

1. Qinyuanchun·Changsha Mao Zedong Main content to understand: The first part of the whole poem describes the scenery, and the second part recalls the past. It begins with the three sentences "Independent Cold Autumn", which points out the time and place. It is late autumn, and the place is Juzizhou in the Xiangjiang River. The starting point of the writing is flat and the tone is soothing, which actually builds momentum for the following words. The few sentences starting with the word "look" are a complete set of long sentences with the word "see", which are completed in one go. The writing is urgent and expresses the author's extreme admiration for the beautiful scenery of the mountains and rivers in front of him. Numerous parallel sentences and couplets make the description of the scenery full of layers: the mountains are red, the water is blue, and the colors are contrasting; the trees on the mountains are as gorgeous as the morning glow, and the boats in the river are like a group of horses galloping and noisy, moving and quiet. Contrasting each other; looking up at the eagles flying, looking down at the fish swimming, the perspective changes, showing a colorful and vibrant autumn scenery of the Xiangjiang River. So the author couldn't help but express his sincere admiration that "all kinds of frosts compete for freedom". All living and inanimate things are free, living and developing in this boundless universe. What a desirable scene it is! Since Song Yu's "Sad, Autumn is the Qi" ("Nine Bian"), the sadness of autumn has become a permanent theme in the works of ancient Chinese poets; although there are also individual works praising autumn, such as Liu Yuxi's "The First Smell of the Autumn Wind" "Heaven and Earth" "Purify the air and look around, help the king (referring to the autumn wind) to help the sick and rise to the high platform." Thanking the autumn wind for helping me overcome the disease and cheer up my spirit is already rare in ancient poetry, but its realm and spirit naturally cannot and do not need to be compared with the "ten thousand kinds" here. "Frost Sky Races for Freedom" to compare. The author's later poems about autumn, "The annual autumn wind is strong, not like the spring scenery. It is better than the spring scenery, and the vast river and sky are covered with frost" and "(Picking Mulberries·Double Ninth Festival)" all reflect the author's love for the majestic, distant, free and vigorous, vigorous and cheerful Respect and preference for natural beauty. This tribute to the autumn scenery has made the sentiment of the poem more high-spirited. However, as the pole reached another level, a sudden question came up: "I am so melancholy, I ask the boundless earth, who is responsible for the ups and downs?" The whole poem reaches its climax.

2. Encouraging Xunzi to learn from Xunzi mainly understands that words are connected with false characters

輮 is like a wheel, and its music is in accordance with the rules ("輮" is connected with "煣", using fire to dry wood to bend it). It is not different (born, connected with "nature", aptitude, talent). Although there is violence, it is no longer strong ("you" is connected with "you", more, again. "Bao" is the same as "exposure", sun-drying.) Then you will know clearly. There are no faults in one's actions ("knowledge" is connected with "wisdom" and wisdom)

Different meanings in ancient and modern times

1. The ancient meaning of erudite is: to study extensively, to study extensively. Example: A gentleman is knowledgeable and considers himself every day. Today’s meaning: profound knowledge and learning. 2． The ancient meaning of ginseng is: test. Example: A gentleman is knowledgeable and considers himself every day. Jin Yi: Join. 3. False Ancient meaning: rely on, rely on. Example: Fake horse racing. Today's meaning: opposite to "truth". 4． Jin ancient meaning: sword made of metal. Example: If gold is sharpened, it will be beneficial. Today's meaning: gold, gold. 5. Claws: ancient meaning: claws and teeth. Example: Earthworms have no claws or claws. Jin Yi: The villain’s accomplice and accomplice. 6． Yinxin ancient meaning: because of intention. For example: Be careful. Today's meaning: study hard or be willing to use your brain on something. 7. The ancient meaning of Huangquan is: underground water, very deep underground water. Example: Drink from the underworld. Today's meaning: refers to the place where people are buried after death. For superstitious people, it refers to the underworld. 8. The ancient meaning of rope is: ink line. Example: When a tree is held by a rope, it becomes straight. Today’s meaning is: rope, rope.

9. Use ancient meaning: because; modern meaning: use 10. Kneeling Ancient meaning: crab legs Modern meaning: kneeling down

Using word categories

1. The wooden rope is straight, and the rope is turned into a wheel (輼: the verb usage of the noun, to bend...) 2. A gentleman is knowledgeable and reflects on himself every day (日: 名作传, every day) 3. Those who pretend to be boats are not capable of water (water: a noun used as a verb, swimming) 4. The upper part eats the earth, the lower part drinks the yellow spring (upper and lower: famous works, upward and downward) 5. Its music is in compliance with the rules (qu: name of form, degree of curvature, radian) 6. If you climb high and move, your arms will not be lengthened (gao: form name, high place) 7. Those who pretend to be horses are not interested in horses (profit: the use of adjectives to make...fast, go fast) 8. Accumulate good deeds and become virtuous, and the gods will be satisfied and the holy heart will be ready (good: adjective used as a noun, good deeds) 9. Be careful (1: numerals are used as adjectives, single-minded)

The word has multiple meanings

1. In: (1) cold in water (bi) (2) good and fake in things (preposition, untranslated. Introducing function) (3) taken from blue (from) 2. And: (1) A gentleman is knowledgeable and reflects on himself every day (progressive relationship, and); (2) Knowing what is clear and acting without fault (progressive relationship); (3) Thinking about it all day long (meaning modification); (4) And The one who sees is far away (represents turning point) (5) Perseverance (represents hypothesis) (6) Accumulate good deeds and become virtuous, and the gods are satisfied (represents reasons, or represents inheritance) (7) Green, taken from blue and green from blue ( Conjunctions express turning relationships, but) 3. Those who: (1) Those who are fake (pronoun, refers to people who...) (2) Those who no longer support (the reason for...) 4. Yan: (1) The wind and rain are rising (also a word, "in it", meaning here) (2) The holy heart is prepared (modal particle) 5. Benefit: (1) Sharpening the metal will make it sharp (the adjective is used as a verb to make it sharp); (2) It is not beneficial (the adjective is used as a verb to make...fast, go fast) 6. (1) is not as good as a moment. What is learned (2) Green comes from blue, and green comes from blue (meaningless)

3. The way to obtain education Hermann Hesse mainly knows text analysis: This is An essay about reading by Swiss writer Hermann Hesse. Excerpted from "Hesse Storytelling", the article believes that reading is the main way to obtain education, praises the role of reading, and persuades people to study classic works attentively, discover the world in books, understand society, and improve self-cultivation.

Structure Arrangement In the first paragraph, Jane explains what "real cultivation" is. The author defines it as "for self-improvement" and "finding the meaning of life". He also points out that it is a process of hard work, self-cultivation has no utilitarian purpose, and reading is a lifelong task. This is a copy of the following article. Paragraphs 2 to 5 discuss the role of reading masterpieces. The author believes that one of the most important ways to gain education is to "study world literature." He once again emphasizes that reading is for self-improvement and to make life fulfilling, noble, and meaningful. It is not "a distraction" or a "hypocritical comfort." . Paragraphs 6 and 7 further elaborate on the necessity of gaining education through reading classic works. The author uses the different development trends of children's reading as examples to vividly introduce two types of reading at different levels. One is the "majority of people who lack talent", who regard reading as a natural and unimportant thing, and can only read vulgar texts. One type is a small number of people who are "enchanted by the special charm of letters and words" and are always attracted by "new charms". Their reading process is the process of mental growth. The world in front of them is getting wider and wider, starting from "kindergarten". ” becomes “cities and countries” until it becomes “the whole world” and becomes “Paradise in Heaven and Ivory Coast on Earth”. The article uses such a comparison to once again emphasize that learning for the sake of education is a pleasant spiritual journey, and at the same time, this spiritual pursuit can constantly enter new realms.

4. Winter Scenery in the South of the Yangtze River Yu Dafu mainly masters the after-class thinking questions: Thinking: *What places does "Jiangnan" in Yu Dafu's writings refer to? ——Bai Juyi's "Recalling Jiangnan" makes it clear: it refers to the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions (section 6), not the Fujian and Guangdong regions of China. *In order to express the beauty of the winter scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, how many pictures did the author show us? Please try naming them.

——The pictures of chatting with the back, the vegetation of winter suburbs, the drizzle and cold villages, the snow scene in the south of the Yangtze River, and the pictures of leisurely walking in dry winter; Features--lovely, vibrant, leisurely, quiet, and carefree; Scenery--white reed flowers, red leaves, and Chinese tallow trees with white tallow seeds, ocher-colored grass with a touch of green at the roots, mixed woods, white rain, small boats with awnings, drinkers, the halo of the moon, wine by the fire, plum blossoms reflected in the moon, the fragrance of the wine, and the barking of the Chaimen dog , Pedestrians seek shelter, Red plum blossoms are in bloom* In what order are the verses quoted in paragraph 8 arranged? What kind of artistic conception is expressed? ——"It's snowing in the evening, how can I have a drink?" "The road is filled with plum shadows in the cold sand, and the village is fragrant with wine in the light snow." "Hearing the barking of dogs at Chaimen, people return home on a snowy night." "In the deep snow in the front village, a branch bloomed last night. ” * What are the advantages of quoting poems in chronological order at dusk, winter supper, and snowy nights in the morning? ——Clear: cleverly borrowing the artistic conception of the poem, and pushing this artistic conception to a new realm through the author's comments; although the sentence is concise, the inclusive imagery is very rich, which not only enhances the interest of the prose but also reflects the author's leisurely mood. *Why write about winter in the north? What technique is used? Is this technique used in the text? ——Comparison; compared with the winter scene in the north, compared with the summer night in the north, compared with the winter scene in Fujian and Guangdong, compared with a walk in the cold suburbs of Germany (echo) clear: the purpose of comparison is very clear, that is, to suppress one another and promote one. , highlighting the characteristics of the winter scenery in the south of the Yangtze River that the author loves and expressing his love.

5. Morning and Dusk Nuorilang Zhao Lihong mastered the writing characteristics: the concise and bright language of the article is very appropriate when expressing Nuorilang's vigorous and unrestrained. The whole article is detailed, well-conceived and innovative. The observation angle is adjusted accordingly according to the changes in observation time and space. The three observations show the observed things from different sides, giving readers a three-dimensional impression of Nuorilang. The author is able to capture the outstanding characteristics of Nuorilang at different times and different viewing angles, and uses foil description methods, but does not give people the feeling of leaning out or tangled branches.

6. Su Shi recited the full text of Chibi Fu.

7. Liu Zongyuan’s Travel Notes on Xishan Banquet focuses on mastering classical Chinese sentence patterns: omitted sentences

(1) Ju (in) Shizhou (omitting the preposition "yu") (2) ( I) Sitting in the Fahua West Pavilion (omitting the subject "I") (3) The beginning refers to (the) difference (omitting the object "zhi", referring to Xishan) (4) (I) drinking wine (omitting the subject "I") ") (5) Therefore, the article is written with ambition (the object "zhi" is omitted to refer to the banquet tour to Xishan)

Judgment sentence

It is Sui Yuanhe Four years ago (the modal particle "ye" means judgment)

Attributive postpositional sentence

I think that all the passive sentences that have abnormalities in the mountains and rivers of the state are mine (it can be considered that they are all) Owned by me)

8. My Five Things Bi Shumin focused on mastering the structure of the full text: the full text has 45 natural paragraphs, divided into four parts. 1. The first part (1-16) clarifies the five most precious things in life - "retention". 2. The second part (17-40) describes the process of abandonment - "abandonment" with a painful emotion. 3. In the third part (41-44), the author feels calm about his final choice, and confesses to all readers that after questioning the meaning of life, he then devoted himself to creation - "feelings" ”(“discuss”).