Please master the answer! Please write 50 historical idioms and 50 fable idioms. 45 idioms with numbers. Thank you!

Happy Travel is the first article in Zhuangzi, and it is also a difficult point. At that time, many famous scholars deeply studied the authenticity of this article, but no one could surpass the opinions of Guo Xiang and Xiang Xiu.

On one occasion, Zhi Daolin chatted with Feng Huai, the general of protecting the country, at Baima Temple in Luoyang. When talking about "free travel", Zhi Daolin told a new truth, which was much higher than that of Guo Xiang and Xiang Xiu, and set up a new viewpoint, which was beyond the understanding of many famous scholars at that time. Zhi Daolin's analysis and views are difficult for those famous scholars to solve. Later, people absorbed Zhi Daolin's opinion to explain "free travel".

In this story, "innovation" and "innovation" form the idiom "do something".

Interpretation of topic meaning

Of the thirty-three Zhuangzi articles, only seven were written by Zhuangzi himself. The rest of the essays were written by Master Zhuangzi under the guise of Zhuangzi. Scholars who study Zhuangzi hold this view.

Zhuangzi's birth and death date, life experience is unknown. However, it is recorded in Historical Records that Zhuangzi was born in Meng County (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) in the Song Dynasty. Mingzhou. He used to be a lacquered garden official in Meng County. He was born at about the same time as Liang and Liang. Therefore, we can conclude that Zhuangzi was a figure in the late 4th century BC.

Zhuangzi named "Tao" as the root of all things. He believes that there is no difference in looking at everything with Tao (everything is the same). Furthermore, we should be integrated with Tao (that is. Become a state of no phase), to accept everything in nature, so as to live freely and freely. Achieving this state of self-cultivation is called "harmony of mind", also called "forgetting". He rejects "man-made" because man-made will destroy nature. Therefore, what is considered the most useless in the artificial point of view should actually be the most useful; Therefore, Zhuangzi advocated the transformation of value.

Later, Zhuangzi and Laozi, who advocated the philosophy of natural inaction, merged into the system of Laozi's thought. It has had a very far-reaching impact on the lifestyle of later generations.

Mingjing water station

The flowing water can't see anything; Still water, like a mirror, can accept everything calmly and humbly. Therefore, the so-called "stopping water in the mirror" is to describe a state of mind that can face anything with a calm and frank mood. It says, "People should not consider running water, but stop water".

A mantis trying to stop the cart from moving forward-overestimating itself and trying to stop the overwhelming power.

Take the situation of praying mantis waving its sickle-shaped arm at the car as an analogy to persuade people not to bite off more than one can chew. Yan He of Lu has great perseverance, and was once hired as his master by Wang Wei Kuai. He has never held such an important position, and his inner fear can be imagined. Therefore, I have to consult the minister of Wei, Dr. Chi, and ask how to teach the prince. In response to his behavior, Dr. Chi Apollo cited the example of mantis to convince him: "When anything approaches mantis, even if a car approaches it, it still waves its sickle-like arm and struggles to resist. This is really because mantis can't tell his own identity and believes in his own ability too much. " You are in the same situation as mantis. You overestimate your ability, so you unwisely want to be the prince's teacher. If you insist on your opinion too much, you are bound to be dissatisfied with the prince. So you must be careful. "

Deteriorating

During the Warring States Period, there was a man named Dong. He heard that Zhuangzi knew Tao very well, so he asked where Zhuangzi Road was.

Zhuangzi said: "The Tao I speak is everywhere, everywhere."

"Would you please specify where it is?" Dongguozi is very polite.

Zhuangzi said without thinking, "In the ant hole."

Dong is very strange: "Tao is a noble thing. How can it exist in such a simple place? "

Zhuangzi added: "The Tao is among barnyard grass and brick rubble."

"Isn't this getting more and more humble?" Dongguozi is even stranger.

Zhuangzi continued: "My way is shit!"

Dongguozi was very unhappy when he heard that Zhuangzi's status was getting lower and lower.

Zhuangzi explained: "To meet your requirements and make the essence of Tao clear, you have to go to the market to check the pig's fatness. The shorter the pig, the more fat it can be seen. Because the lower part of the pig's leg is the most difficult to gain weight, if the leg is also full of meat, other parts are of course fatter. So I tell you today that the places where Tao is located are all humble places, and these places all have Tao, so the existence of Tao in other places is self-evident. "

"Oh, I see." Dongguozi admired Zhuangzi's talent.

This story comes from Zhuangzi's Journey to the North. The original meaning is that the more we infer from humble things, the more we can see the true situation of Tao. Later, the meaning gradually changed to worse and worse.

Transfer flame

The symbol of the birth of human civilization is the use of fire. In western mythology, fire was stolen by Prometheus from God. Prometheus, the hero who stole fire, made sacrifices because he brought fire to mankind, and was punished by God for endless hard labor. Myth belongs to myth, in fact, primitive people got fire from natural fires such as lightning strikes, bid farewell to the barbaric era of eating people and drinking blood, and began the history of civilization.

Because kindling is hard to get, the ancients cherished kindling very much. The tribe sent a special guard to add firewood to the fire from time to time to prevent it from going out. In ancient times, lighting, heating and cooking all depended on burning wood. In ancient times, firewood was called "salary". When the wage is ignited, its own combustion is endless, but the previous firewood is burned out and the latter firewood is burned again, and the fire is endless. This is called "handed down from generation to generation". (See "Zhuangzi * Health Master")

Of the four major civilizations of China's traditional culture, only those that have been passed down from generation to generation have survived to this day. In traditional culture, we also attach great importance to "inheritance" and "learning from". For example, Taoism originated from Laozi and Zhuangzi, and Confucianism originated from Confucius. Quanzhen Taoism originated in Wang Zhongyang in the Song Dynasty.

There was a national player named Wang in the Tang Dynasty. "Accumulated salary" means collecting firewood. Legend has it that once he stayed in the mountains. In the middle of the night, I heard the shopkeeper: an old woman and daughter-in-law were dictating and playing chess in the dark. The chess game is very delicate. Wang secretly wrote down the chess score, feeling much higher than his own level. In the morning, both mother-in-law and daughter-in-law disappeared, and Wang realized that they were immortals. This chess score was later called the immortal score.

Later, candles were invented, and the continuation of this civilization is also called "crossing the street lamp". In the Song Dynasty, there was a Buddhist document called The Record of Passing Lights (by Shi Daoyuan). Monks who contributed to Buddhism died one after another, but their wisdom can be passed down from generation to generation.

Imitate clumsily

There are many dialectical things in Zhuangzi's philosophy, which are still enlightening today. For example, Zhuangzi opposed Confucius' retro ideas. Zhuangzi said:

Ships are the best means of water transportation, and cars are the best means of land transportation. A person who is used to taking a boat will not go far in his life if he pushes the boat on land. Isn't ancient and modern like the difference between land and water? Aren't Zhou Dynasty and Lu as different as boats and cars? Confucius wants to extend the system of Zhou Dynasty to Shandong, just like sailing on land, which is not only in vain, but also in disaster. He doesn't know that the world is constantly moving and changing, and people can only constantly adapt to the external situation. The etiquette of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors is not more expensive than the same, but more expensive than making the world peaceful. Just like apples, pears, oranges and grapefruit, they are different in sweetness and sourness. Although they taste different, they are all delicious.

Therefore, etiquette should be different with the changes of the times, not static. Shi is sick, his heart ached, and he is sad in the village. An ugly girl in the neighborhood saw it and thought it was beautiful. When she returned, she was also in the village, clutching her heart and frowning. The rich people in the village saw it and kept the door closed. The poor saw it and left with his wife and children. That ugly girl only knows that frowning is beautiful, but she doesn't know that frowning is the reason for beauty. So, if modern people must adopt the ancient etiquette system, what can they do?

199 1 After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in, Russia blindly introduced the western democratic model, which led to economic recession and social unrest, and the country has not yet achieved rejuvenation. If they can deeply understand Zhuangzi's dialectics theory, otherwise they won't make such similar mistakes.

The same is true of personal future development. In the face of many social craze, such as Shanghai craze, stock craze, computer craze, MBA craze, website craze, e-commerce craze and so on. , dazzling. If young people wander around in the craze every day and keep warming up, they will only waste time in the end. Every year in the early stage of the college entrance examination, previous champions from all over the country will explain their so-called successful experiences on websites and telephone hotlines, and many candidates will follow their instructions and imitate them quickly. In fact, do these practices suit you? Incredibly, most candidates, especially their parents, don't consider it.

There is honor among thieves.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the most famous thief was called stealing feet. The man who stole his foot asked him, "Is there a law to be a big thief?" The thief replied, "No matter what you do, there are rules. How can thieves have no rules? You can guess how much property is stored in the house out of thin air, which is sacred; It is brave to enter the house first; The last exit of the house is righteousness; It is wisdom to judge whether you can act as appropriate; Even distributing stolen goods is kind. Without these five qualities, it is impossible to be a thief. "

The preaching of stealing feet is exactly the same as the "sage way" advocated by Confucianism, which satirizes the hypocrisy of Confucianism. It seems that if we use "the way of saints" to educate gentlemen, we can cultivate gentlemen into saints; If used by bad guys, bad guys can become thieves. However, there are fewer saints and more thieves in the world, which shows that the "sage way" has brought less benefits to the world and more disasters. So: saints never die, thieves never stop. Only by cracking down on the hypocritical "sage way" and letting the people let nature take its course can the world be peaceful.

It is worth pointing out that Zhi was the leader of the slave uprising. Because he represented the interests of the oppressed, he was slandered as "stealing wisdom" by the rulers of past dynasties. Zhuangzi sympathizes with stealing people's feet. He has repeatedly pointed out that this society is "thieves are punished and thieves are princes", and said that "the way of saints" teaches everyone to pursue fame and fortune, and the harm of saints actually exceeds that of thieves. Confucius (Kong Qiu) is not so much a thief as a thief. It is believed that the hypocritical "sage's way" is the reason for the chaos in the world.

In traditional culture, Grand Theft Auto has always been respected. There are many stories about chivalrous men in Historical Records * Biography of Rangers. Most of these chivalrous men are thieves, but because they are thieves, they are very moral, so Sima Qian biographies them and makes their names spread through the ages.

The Biography of Campus, written by Du Guangting in the Tang Dynasty, tells the story of a thief robbing the rich and helping the poor. The story tells that at the end of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yang Di only cared about traveling eastward and enjoying himself, and state affairs were in the charge of Minister Su Yang. One day, Li Jing, a Buyi, asked for an audience. One of Su Yang's concubines adored Excavate's talent and went to Excavate overnight. This concubine named Zhang is called Hong Fu because she holds the world of mortals. On the way out of Beijing, they met a guest with a beard. He never said his name, only said his surname was Zhang, ranking third. Zhang is the first surname in China. I don't know how many people are called Zhang San. But this Zhang San is unusual. When he drinks, he treats the human heart as a snack, and says it is the heart of the ungrateful people in the world. I chased him for ten years, and today I finally cut off his head, took off his heart and eliminated my regret. At that time, the world was in chaos and heroes came forth in large numbers. Zhang San has the ambition to win the Central Plains. Later, when he saw that Li Shimin, the king of Qin, was better than himself and was the only thrill, he gave all the gold, silver and jewels he had accumulated to Excavate and asked him to help Li Shimin make contributions. Judging from Zhang San's behavior and wealth, he should be a thief in Jiang Yang, otherwise it is impossible to accumulate so much wealth. Later, relying on this wealth, Li Jing really helped Li Shimin overthrow the Sui Dynasty and establish the Tang Dynasty. After the world was at peace, Zhang San was determined to establish a world of his own overseas, so he led thousands of seagoing ships and hundreds of armored soldiers into Fuyu country, killed their master and started his own business. It seems that this tramp Zhang San is really a typical hooligan. The story of campus travelers, Li Jing and Hongfu was later compiled into a play called Dust Three Heroes.

Desperate situation

Zhuangzi's family was poor, so he borrowed food from the supervisor. Hou Jianhe said: "Good. When I collect the rent, I'll lend you three hundred gold, ok? " Zhuangzi was a little angry when he saw that Houhe, the supervisor, was unwilling to borrow grain at once. His face changed and he said, "When I came yesterday, I heard a voice calling me from the road. I looked back and saw a fish in the rut where the wheel ran over. " I asked, "Fish, what are you doing here?" The fish said,' I'm from the East China Sea and I'm stuck here. Do you have a bucket or a liter of water to save me? I said,' Okay. Do you want me to lobby King Wu Yue to dig a canal to bring the water from the Yangtze River to save you? The fish said angrily,' Now I'm trapped here. I just need a bucket or a liter of water to survive. If you say so, why don't you come to me at the dried fish shop earlier!' "

Fish can survive in estrus by borrowing water from buckets, but if we had lobbied King Wu Yue to dig a canal and bring water from the Yangtze River, the fish would have died of thirst. There is a simple reason. But in our daily life, exaggeration and formalism are everywhere! The harm of formalism really kills people!

In the biography of Yingying written by Yuan Zhen in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Sheng said to the matchmaker, "Since I met your young lady, I have missed you day and night, and my tea and rice are tasteless. I hope you can match it. " The matchmaker asked, "Why don't you propose through the matchmaker and formally marry the young lady?" Zhang Sheng said: "I am in a very urgent mood now. If I go through a complicated wedding ceremony such as asking names, it will take at least half a year. At that time, I had already entered the dead fish. " Seeing that Zhang was in a hurry, the matchmaker promised to match the bridge and promote Zhang He's marriage. Later, according to this story, Wang Shifu of the Yuan Dynasty adapted the immortal masterpiece The West Chamber, which has been handed down to this day.

Mourn your own smallness in front of the vast sea-bemoan your own smallness in front of great things

In recent decades, due to environmental deterioration, the northern part of China is seriously short of water. The Yellow River, the mother river of the Chinese nation, is cut off every year. The river bed cracked and everyone who saw it was heartbroken. The ancient Yellow River gushed out, irrigated the fertile soil on both sides of the strait and nurtured Chinese civilization, which was called Shenhe in history. Zhuangzi * colchicine told a story:

The autumn rain made the river all rise, and the water from many rivers and streams flowed into the Yellow River. The current is so fast and wide that even cattle and horses can't tell the sandbars on both sides of the river from the river. So the river god was complacent and thought he was the best in the world. He followed the current eastward until he came to the North Sea. Looking east, you can't see the edge of the water. So he changed his triumphant face, looked at the Wang Yang sea and sighed to the North Sea God: "I used to be arrogant and thought that no one was worse than myself. Today, I see you are so vast. If I hadn't come to the door in person, I would never have understood my ignorance. "

Beihai God said modestly, "In fact, I exist between heaven and earth, just like a small stone on the mountain. And heaven and earth can't be said to be the biggest field, and the end of a hair can't be judged to be the smallest limit. The transformation between time and space is endless. What can you and I boast about? "

This view of Zhuangzi has been confirmed by modern physics. Science has developed to the microscopic level, and quantum physics has emerged. To develop at a high speed, there is relativity. And their application scope is limited. From Zhuangzi's theory, the seeds of modern science have been exposed.

Zhuangzi's Fable Story (Two Stories)

Lu Wang keeps birds.

One day, a seabird flew to the outskirts of Shandong. King Lu had never seen this bird before and thought it was sacred, so he sent someone to catch it, greeted it in person and offered it in the temple.

In order to show his love and respect for seabirds, the king of Lu immediately ordered the birds to listen to the most beautiful music in the court and receive the most splendid banquet. But the bird didn't realize the king's hospitality. It was so frightened that it behaved badly that it dared not even taste a piece of meat or touch a drop of water. In this way, it only took three days to starve to death.

This fable tells us that when dealing with considerable affairs, we must adhere to the concrete analysis of specific problems. Different objects should be treated in different ways. Otherwise, just like King Lu, feeding seabirds by himself, despite the good wishes of the supervisor, will inevitably fail.

A clever plan to kill the dragon

Zhu Pingman is a person who likes learning very much. In order to learn a stunt, he sold his family property, took money and food to a distant place to be a teacher, and learned from him the skill of killing dragons.

After three years, he came back from school. When people asked him what he had learned, he replied excitedly, and at the same time showed everyone the skills of killing dragons: how to hold down the dragon's head, step on the dragon's tail, and how to operate from the dragon's spine ... Everyone laughed and asked, "Where can I kill dragons?" Zhu Pingman suddenly realized that there was no such thing as a dragon in the world, and his skills were also learned in vain.

Dragons are imaginary things and don't exist in reality. Therefore, although they have superb salon skills, they can only end up in a "place where heroes are useless."

This fable tells us that learning must have a clear purpose and can solve practical problems. If you study for the sake of learning, then no matter how good your skills are, they are worthless.

Be dumbfounded (by fear or surprise)

One day when I was reading Zhuangzi, I read a short story and suddenly found an idiom in it. After reading this story, I realized that we might use all the idioms wrong on weekdays.

This story teaches people how to raise chickens. There was a gentleman who raised chickens for the King of Qi. These chickens are not ordinary old hens, but cockfighting that must be trained to participate in the competition.

Mr. Ji only kept 10 days, and the king of Qi asked impatiently, "Did you keep it?"

Mr. Ji replied: "Not yet. Now these chickens are still very arrogant. "

After 10 days, the king of Qi asked again, and Mr. Ji replied, "Not yet. As soon as they heard the sound and saw the figure shaking, they panicked. "

After another 10 day, the King of Qi came again. Of course, he still cares about his cockfighting. Mr. Ji said: "No, he is still sharp-eyed and domineering."

After 10 days, the King of Qi had given up hope of watching him fight cocks. Unexpectedly, Teacher Ji said this time: "Almost enough. Although the chicken sometimes crows, it doesn't panic. Looks like a chicken made of wood. I'm ready. Other chickens dare not challenge and can only escape. "

This is the origin of "stupefied".

It turns out that being knocked out is not really stupid, just watching. In fact, you can fight, you can fight, and you can scare away chickens.

A lively and arrogant chicken is not the best.

The chicken, whose eyes are condensed and motionless, and its shape is like wood, is an expert in Wulin, and there is no need to make moves at all, so that the enemy can flee with the wind. Wooden chickens are hard to get, and everyone who raises chickens knows that. Wulin experts are hard to find, and everyone who walks in the Jianghu knows it. "Looking like a wooden chicken" is the pursuit of cockfighting. Not arrogance, not arrogance, but stupidity in the final analysis. (Huang Mingjian)

Comments: Liveliness, bravado and smart appearance are all good, but not enough. Need to constantly hone, convergence impetuous recklessness, focus on the heart. It seems dull and nothing strange, but those cockfighting people who deliberately provoke and compete with each other will never get close to the wooden chicken, but will fall into a tourist trap before the other party has time to make moves.