The development history of Qingdao Port

Tian Dan defeated Yan

Tian Dan defeated Yan During the Warring States Period, King Zhao of Yan appointed Le Yi as the general and conquered more than 70 cities in Qi. Only Ju and Jimo could not be captured for a long time. At that time, Jimo City was located in the Dazhumao Village area of ??Guxian Town, Pingdu City, Qingdao today. It was a Qi State town as famous as Linzi. When Tian Dan, who led the troops to defend the city, learned that King Yan had replaced Le Yi as general with Qi Jie, he launched a counterattack. Tian Dan ordered more than a thousand cows in the city to be gathered together. Sharp knives were tied to the horns of the cows, colorful silk clothes were wrapped around the cows, and reeds were tied to the tails of the cows and filled with grease. At night, dozens of caves were opened in the city wall, the cattle were let out, and the reeds on their tails were burned. The cattle were burned and hurt, so they rushed madly towards the Yan army camp. 5,000 warriors then launched a fierce attack. The old and young in the city cheered, and Yan The army was defeated. Tian Dan took advantage of the situation and regained all the lost territory of Qi. ?

The First Emperor of Qin visited Langzhang Terrace three times

The First Emperor of Qin visited Langzhang Terrace three times. In the twenty-eighth year of the First Emperor of Qin (219 BC), the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty visited Langzhang for the first time when he was touring prefectures and counties in the East. He was so happy that he forgot to return. He stayed there for three months and moved 30,000 households under the Langzhang platform. He personally supervised the construction of a majestic palace. Langzhang Terrace is built with stones to praise virtues. The following year (218 BC), Qin Shihuang visited Langzhang Terrace again on his way back from a tour of the Jiaodong Peninsula. In the thirty-seventh year of Qin Shi Huang (210 BC), when Qin Shi Huang was touring the East, he ascended Langzhang Terrace for the third time. When Qin Shihuang visited Langzhang Terrace three times, he also sent Xu Fu into the sea to seek elixir. ?

Five hundred martyrs of Tianheng Island were martyred

Five hundred martyrs of Tianheng Island were martyred. After Liu Bang of the Han Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor, King Tian Heng of Qi led 500 of his followers to retreat to Tian, ??Jimo City, Qingdao today. It is located on an island in the sea 3.5 kilometers east of Hengzhen. In the fifth year of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), Tian Heng went to Luoyang in response to the imperial edict. He committed suicide on the way and two of his guests also died. After the news reached the island, 500 warriors suffered from liver and gallbladder splitting. They sang "Song of Sage Dew" in front of Tian Heng's tomb. After the song, they collectively brandished their knives and committed suicide. Later generations felt his loyalty, so they collected his remains and buried them on the top of the island, and built a temple to worship him. Later generations called the island "Tian Heng Island". ?

Zheng Xuan lectured at Buqishan

Zheng Xuan lectured at Buqishan in the winter of October of the fifth year of Hanzhongping (188) in Shandong. The Confucian scholar Zheng Xuan (named Kangcheng) led his disciples to Buqishan ( Today, he took refuge in Tieqishan, Xifu Town, Chengyang District, Qingdao, where he built a hut and set up tents to teach his disciples. In the seventh year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1512), Gao Yunzhong, the magistrate of Jimo County, rebuilt "Kangcheng Academy" in the academy village where Zheng Kangcheng taught his apprentices. ?

Faxian landed on Mount Laoshan

Faxian landed on Mount Laoshan Faxian, a famous monk in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, went to Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka to obtain Buddhist scriptures, which lasted 13 years. He encountered a hurricane on his way back to China on a merchant ship and drifted to the south bank of Laoshan in the eighth year of Yixi (412) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was taken to Buqi County by Li Yi, the governor of Changguang County. During his stay in Buqi County, Faxian translated many Buddhist scriptures, which had a certain influence on the spread of Buddhism in Qingdao. ?

Wang Bogong gathered people in Laoshan

Wang Bogong gathered people in Laoshan. In the twelfth year of Taihe in the Northern and Southern Dynasties in the Northern Wei Dynasty (488), Wang Bogong from Yanzhou gathered people in Laoshan to resist the southern invasion of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He called himself the King of Qi and fought with Donglai The town general Kong Bosun fought and was defeated and died. The Nanyao Peninsula in Shazikou Town, Laoshan District, Qingdao City still has folk rumors of "Wang Bogong's Pointing General Platform". ?

Rebuilding Jimo County

Rebuilding Jimo County In the 16th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty (596), Jimo County was rebuilt, and the government was located in Jimo City (today's Jimo Town, Jimo City). During the Warring States Period, Jimo was the capital of the Qi State. Jimo County was built in the Qin Dynasty. The city was located in today's Guxian Town, Pingdu City. It was abolished in the seventh year of Tianbao in the Northern Qi Dynasty (556). In addition to part of the original Jimo County, the reconstructed Jimo County also included the original three counties of Zhuangwu, Buqi, and Gaoyu, including today's urban area of ??Qingdao. ?

Establish Banqiao Town Shipping Division

Establish Banqiao Town Shipping Division In the sixth year of Tang Wude (623), Banqiao Town was established in today's Jiaozhou City, Qingdao, and maritime trade began. prosper. In the third year of the Song and Yuan Dynasties (1088), the Municipal Shipping Department of Banqiao Town, Mizhou was established to manage domestic and foreign shipping services and maritime trade of Chinese and foreign merchants, and collect trade tariffs in and out of the port. It was the only port in the north open to the outside world during the Song Dynasty. ?

Naval Battle of Song and Jin Dynasties

Naval Battle of Song and Jin Dynasties In the 31st year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1161), the benefactor Wan Yanliang led 4 troops to attack the Southern Song Dynasty, one of which was the navy. Su Baoheng, Minister of the Ministry of Industry, was appointed as the commander of the navy capital, and Yidu Yin Wanyan and Zheng Jianu were the deputy commanders. They led more than 600 warships and more than 70,000 sergeants, setting out from the seaport of Jiaoxi (now Jiaozhou City, Qingdao). After sailing out of Jiaozhou Bay, the coach was stationed at Tangdao near Lingshanwei, while the fleet stretched for several miles at sea.

The Southern Song Dynasty court appointed Li Bao as the deputy general manager of the West Zhejiang Road. He led only more than 100 warships and set out from Jiangyin in August of the 31st year of Shaoxing to fight northward. In October, Li Baoshui Division arrived at Shijiu Suo Sea in Zhaoshi today, only 30 miles away from the Jin soldiers. Li Baoli defied all opinions and led his boat to attack. He fought fiercely with the Jin soldiers near Yadao, Jiaonan City, Qingdao today. The Jin soldiers' warships turned into a sea of ??fire and the entire army was annihilated. Because Yadao was called Chenjia Island at the time, it was also called the "Naval Battle of Chenjia Island". ?

Qiu Chuji came to Laoshan three times

Qiu Chuji came to Laoshan three times in the sixth year of Jin Mingchang (1195), the eighth year of Taihe (1208), and the first year of Da'an (1209). He was the founder of the Quanzhen sect of Taoism. Qiu Chuji, a disciple of King Chongyang, came to Laoshan three times to preach and preach, which had a great influence on the development of Taoism in Laoshan. Later, Laoshan Taoism entered its heyday and was known as "the second jungle of Quanzhen Taoism in the world". ?

Jiaolai Canal Water Transport

Jiaolai Canal Water Transport In the 17th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1280), Yao Yan, a native of Laizhou, suggested digging the Jiaolai Canal to shorten the thousand-mile sea journey and facilitate Grains are transported from the south to the north. In August of the 19th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1282), the Jiao-Lai Canal was opened from the Mawan mouth of Jiaozhou Bay to the Haicang mouth of Laizhou Bay on the basis of the original Jiao River and Jiaolai North River. In the 21st year of the Yuan Dynasty (1284), 36 million kilograms of grain were transported through this canal, accounting for 60% of the grain transported by the Jianghuai River in that year. Because large grain ships could not sail directly into the canal, they had to be transferred at the tower pier. As a result, ships gathered in Jiaozhou Bay and the dock shore was crowded with warehouses. This was an unprecedentedly prosperous year for shipping in Jiaozhou Bay. ?

Setting up guard posts to defend against Japanese pirates

Setting up guard posts to defend against Japanese pirates In the early Ming Dynasty, in order to defend against Japanese invasion, coastal defense posts were set up along the coast. In the fifth year of Hongwu (1372), Lingshan Guard was established in Jiaozhou, under the jurisdiction of Xiahe Qianhu Station, Jiaozhou Qianhu Station and Lingshan Guard Base. In the 21st year of Hongwu (1388), Aoshan Guard was established in Jimo County, under the jurisdiction of Xiongya Qianhu Station and Fushan Qianhu Station. In order to set up a garrison, the imperial court not only sent troops to garrison, but also moved a large number of military households from Yunnan and Jianghuai to establish settlements, and immigrated from Henan and Shanxi to the Qingdao area to consolidate coastal defense. ?

Customs was established in Qingdao

Customs was established in Qingdao. In the fourth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1865), the Dongguan Customs established three branches at Tabutou, Jinjiakou and Qingdaokou in Qingdao today. Customs clearance, and permanent customs sub-cards or agencies are set up at Lingshanwei, Nugukou, Cangkou, Shazikou, Dengyao and Xuejiadao to manage ports and collect customs duties. ?

Jiaoao was fortified in the late Qing Dynasty

Jiaoao was fortified in the late Qing Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty, Jiaozhou Bay was a defense-free area. In the seventeenth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1891), Beiyang Minister Li Hongzhang and Shandong Governor Zhang Yao arrived in Jiaozhou Bay from Weihai for an inspection tour. After returning to Beijing, they reported to the court on June 11 of that year and proposed the fortification of Jiao'ao (today's Qingdao). On June 14, the Qing government issued an edict and decided to set up defenses in Jiao'ao, and transferred Zhang Gaoyuan, the commander-in-chief of Dengzhou Town, to lead 4 battalions of Qing troops to move to Qingdao the following year. ?

Germany invaded and occupied Qingdao

Germany invaded and occupied Qingdao on November 1, the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1897). The German government used the "Juye Mission Case" that occurred in Shandong Province as an excuse to The fleet was sent into Jiaozhou Bay. On the morning of November 14, 720 German Marine Corps officers and soldiers landed in Qingdao. The guard general Zhang Gaoyuan withdrew to avoid fighting. The Qing government humiliated itself and sued for peace, and on November 30, ordered Zhang Gaoyuan to lead his troops to Yantai. On March 6, 1898, the Qing government was forced to sign the "Jiaoao Lease Treaty" (also known as the "Jiaoao Concession Treaty") with Germany. The lease term was 99 years and Germany was allowed to build railways in Shandong and mine minerals along the line. ?

Qingdao’s railway and port construction

Qingdao’s railway and port construction After Germany invaded and occupied Qingdao, in order to plunder China’s resources and expand its sphere of influence, it spent huge sums of money to build ports and roads. The Jiaoji Railway was built in September 1899 and opened to traffic in June 1904. Port construction began in April 1898. The Qingdao Small Port Project was completed in 1901. In March 1904, the five berths on the north bank of Qingdao Dagang Pier 1 were completed and opened to the outside world. Subsequently, Pier 2, Pier 3 (now Pier 5) and the central trestle were completed in 1906. Pier 4 was built in 1908 as an oil terminal. At this point, Qingdao Dagang has formed a large scale. ?

The Jimo Uprising of the Revolution of 1911

The Jimo Uprising of the Revolution of 1912 In January 1912, more than 20 members of the Tongmenghui, including Zhou Dunxun, Chen Xiantang, Sui Zifu, and Song Zhaolin, established the "Security Association" in Jimo. Prepare arms, gather strength, and prepare to respond to the Revolution of 1911.

On the evening of January 27, more than 100 members of the Jimo County Revolutionary Army occupied the county office, detained the Qing Dynasty magistrate, and established a temporary Civil Affairs Office. Later, it was suppressed by the Qing army, the uprising failed, and 17 people died. ?

Sun Yat-sen came to Qingdao

Sun Yat-sen came to Qingdao In September 1912, at the invitation of Yuan Shikai, Sun Yat-sen went to Beijing to discuss national affairs, accepted the power to coordinate the national railway affairs, and then went to various places. inspection. On September 28, 1912, Sun Yat-sen took a train from Jinan to Qingdao and stayed at the Qingdao Hotel. While in Qingdao, Sun Yat-sen attended the welcome meeting organized by the Guangdong Association, delivered a speech at the Qingdao Special Higher School, and visited Mount Laoshan. On September 30, Sun Yat-sen sailed to Shanghai. ?

Japan invaded and occupied Qingdao for the first time

Japan invaded and occupied Qingdao for the first time in 1914. The First World War broke out, and Germany had no time to visit Qingdao. Japan, which had coveted Qingdao for a long time, Take advantage of the opportunity. On August 15, 1914, Japan officially issued an ultimatum to Germany, which was to hand over the "Jiao'ao Leased Land" to Japan unconditionally before September 15. The German army turned a deaf ear to this. On August 23, 1914, the Japanese Navy's Second Fleet blocked the Qingdao waters at the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay. On September 2, a brigade of the Japanese 18th Division landed at Longkou, made a long-distance attack on Qingdao, and took the opportunity to occupy the Jiaoji Railway. On September 18, another brigade of the division landed at Yangkou of Laoshan Bay. On September 23, more than 1,200 people from the British Sicus Regiment participating in the war also landed from Laoshan Bay. At this point, the British and Japanese coalition forces completed the encirclement of the German forces in Qingdao from land. On October 31, the Japanese army launched a general offensive against the German troops occupying Qingdao. The German troops were outnumbered and surrendered on November 7. On November 16, 1914, the Japanese army entered the urban area of ??Qingdao. Since then, Qingdao has become a colony of Japanese imperialism. ?

The Chinese government took back Qingdao

The Chinese government took back Qingdao. After the end of the First World War, the Chinese people fought continuously to take back Qingdao. On February 4, 1922, China and Japan signed the Treaty on the Resolution of Uncensored Cases in Shandong and the Additional Treaty. After another five months of negotiations, the "Shandong Unsolved Case Details Agreement" was signed on December 1, 1922. China paid a huge sum of money to redeem Qingdao's sovereignty and the Jiaoji Railway. On December 10, 1922, China and Japan held a handover ceremony in Qingdao, and China officially took back Qingdao's sovereignty. ?

The Party Organization of Qingdao of the Communist Party of China was established

The Party Organization of Qingdao of the Communist Party of China was established. After the First Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in July 1921, Wang Jinmei, the Shandong representative who attended the meeting , Deng Enming returned to Shandong to carry out revolutionary work. In the autumn of 1923, Deng Enming came to Qingdao to establish the Party and Youth League organizations of the Communist Party of China. During this period, Wang Jinmei also came to Qingdao to carry out revolutionary activities. Using his identity as the supplement editor of "Jiao'ao Daily" as a cover, Deng Enming went deep into the workers and intellectuals to promote Marxism-Leninism, laying the ideological foundation for the establishment of the Qingdao party organization of the Communist Party of China. In November 1923, Deng Enming and others had developed 11 members and established the Qingdao branch of the Chinese Socialist Youth League, with Deng Enming serving as secretary. In the summer of 1924, a party members meeting was held at No. 18, Coast Road, Sifang District, and the Qingdao Group of the Communist Party of China was established, with Deng Enming as the group leader. In February 1925, the Qingdao Group of the Communist Party of China was reorganized into the Qingdao Branch of the Communist Party of China. ?

Qingdao Massacre

Qingdao Massacre At the end of April 1925, a general strike involving 18,000 cotton mill workers took place in Qingdao. The strike was victorious on May 10, and the cotton mills resumed work. . At this time, the Japanese factory owners not only failed to fulfill the conditions for resumption of work, but colluded with the military and police to close the union, so Qingdao's cotton mills held a second joint general strike. After the strike broke out, the Japanese government sent warships into Jiaozhou Bay, preparing to land and massacre the workers, while forcing the Beiyang government to suppress it. On May 29, 1925, Shandong Governor Zhang Zongchang and Jiaoao Supervisor Wen Shude dispatched more than 2,000 military and police personnel to surround three Japanese cotton mills and workers' dormitories, and carried out a bloody suppression of the unarmed workers. Eight people were killed on the spot and 17 were seriously injured. 75 people were arrested, hundreds were wanted, and more than 3,000 workers were sent back to their places of origin. This was the "Qingdao Massacre" that shocked China and the world. Li Weinong, head of the Qingdao party organization of the Communist Party of China, who led the workers' movement, and Hu Xinzhi, a democrat who supported the workers' movement and the chief writer of Qingdao's "Citizen Daily", were brutally murdered. ?

The Broadsword Club Riot

The Broadsword Club Riot Since the Republic of China, warlords have been fighting in a melee, and the people have been in dire straits.

In the seventh month of the lunar calendar in 1927, a Daohui riot broke out in the north of what is now Jiaonan City, Qingdao. It spread across 13 towns and more than 400 villages, with tens of thousands of participants. The congregation, armed with swords and spears, resisted tax collection, smashed salt bureaus, besieged township offices, and resisted officers and soldiers with great momentum. The Jiaonan Dadao Association joined with the Dadao Associations in Zhucheng and Rizhao counties to attack Wangtai Town. Their slogan was: "Capture Wangtai and advance to Jiao County, and capture Jiao County and advance to Jinan." Warlord Zhang Zongchang mobilized heavy troops and dispatched aircraft, artillery, cavalry, etc. to besiege Dadao. Congregation, under brutal suppression, the Da Dao Society scattered and disintegrated in the tenth month of the lunar calendar that year. ?

Japanese-owned cotton mill workers went on strike

Japanese-owned cotton mill workers went on strike In July 1929, workers at the six largest Japanese-owned cotton mills in Qingdao resorted to suspension of operations to fight back against the Japanese factory owners. To persecute the workers, a joint general strike was held, and other factories also went on strike one after another. With the support of the people of the city and the country, the strike lasted for 122 days, and some factories lasted for 134 days. In November 1936, workers in various Japanese-owned cotton mills in Qingdao went on strike and went on strike. On December 2, the Japanese Consulate General in Qingdao decided to suspend operations in all nine major Japanese-owned cotton mills in retaliation. On December 3, more than 1,000 Japanese Marines forcibly landed in Qingdao, surrounded the cotton mill, cut off traffic, and arrested workers, forcing the Kuomintang Qingdao Municipal Government to accept seven unreasonable demands made by Japan and force the workers to resume work. ?

Japan invaded and occupied Qingdao for the second time

Japan invaded and occupied Qingdao for the second time. On January 10, 1938, more than 60 warships and dozens of aircraft of the Japanese Navy invaded Qingdao’s waters and airspace. , under the cover of warships and aircraft, the Japanese troops landed at Shandongtou on the outskirts of the city. On January 14, the Kunisaki Detachment of the Japanese North China Front and the Fourth Fleet of the Navy entered the city one after another. Shen Honglie, mayor of Qingdao and commander of the Third Fleet of the Kuomintang, did not make any preparations for resistance. After ordering the bombing of nine Japanese-owned cotton mills and important port equipment and the sinking of some ships, he led his troops to escape on December 27, 1937. Qingdao. ?

The US military occupied Qingdao

The US military occupied Qingdao. After Japan surrendered in 1945, the US military took the opportunity to occupy Qingdao. On October 9, 1945, Major General Scheible, commander of the 6th Marine Division of the U.S. Marine Corps, and his senior staff landed from the Qianhai trestle. On October 11 and 12, 2 regiments and 7 directly affiliated battalions of the division attacked 2? 70,000 people landed at Qingdao Pier one after another. Afterwards, the U.S. military swarmed in and dispatched a large number of warships to transport the Kuomintang troops to Qingdao. On May 13, 1946, the US Navy's 7th Fleet arrived in Qingdao. In November 1946, the U.S. government and the Kuomintang government signed the "Qingdao Naval Base Secret Agreement", turning Qingdao into one of the major U.S. naval bases in the Far East. While the U.S. military was entrenched in Qingdao, it continued to conduct military exercises, actively cooperated with the Kuomintang troops to attack the liberated areas, and ran rampant in the urban area, wantonly killing the Chinese people. In May 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army launched the Qingji Battle to liberate Qingdao. The US military was forced to withdraw from Qingdao due to the situation. ?

The Qingdao Municipal People's Government was established

The Qingdao Municipal People's Government was established. On June 2, 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army took over Qingdao. The Qingdao Municipal People's Government was established on the same day, with Mayor Ma Baosan. Source: Dictionary of Chinese Historical and Cultural Cities—Qingdao