What are the points for attention in the nursing of oral and maxillofacial injuries?

Generally speaking, oral and maxillofacial patients should take a semi-sitting position to reduce the possibility of bleeding, and promote lung breathing movement, which is conducive to coughing and spitting out oral secretions and avoiding lung complications. Keep the patient's mouth clean to prevent wound infection, especially for patients with penetrating injury or jaw fracture. Because patients often can't eat and brush their teeth normally, oral cavity is not easy to self-clean. In addition, wound secretions are continuously discharged into the mouth, epithelial tissue falls off, and food residues stay (food is more suitable for people with fixed splints), which can aggravate the oral uncleanness of patients, which is not conducive to wound healing, and its smell is unbearable for patients. Patients who can gargle automatically should gargle with warm disinfectants, such as Koutai, chlorhexidine, 1% ~ 2% sodium bicarbonate solution, Scutellaria baicalensis decoction, etc. For patients who can't rinse their mouths automatically, they should be given chlorhexidine, bromogeramine cotton balls or gauze to wipe their mouths every day. Salivary fistula is often formed due to tissue defects such as cheeks and lips. Because the skin is soaked in saliva, patients will feel unpleasant and prone to rash and eczema. At this time, zinc oxide paste can be applied to the skin around the wound; If the bandage is soaked, it should be replaced in time. If the parotid gland is damaged, it should be treated in time, injected with atropine for a few days, eaten liquid diet instead of irritating food, reduced saliva secretion and helped the wound heal. Patients with maxillofacial fractures should regularly check the occlusal relationship, traction and fixation. Pay attention to whether the ligature is loose, broken, displaced, oppressing gums or stabbing buccal mucosa, and whether the direction and strength of rubber band traction are appropriate. When problems are found, they should be handled and corrected in time.