What are the oldest buildings in Wuhan?

Wuhan has a long history and a cultural heritage of more than 3,000 years. There are a large number of ancient buildings left here, each with great connotation and rich story background, which has not been perfectly preserved so far and has become a tourist attraction for many tourists to visit.

From the old concession in Hankou to Tanhualin in Wuchang, countless old buildings from the last century stand on both sides of the Yangtze River, from which the modern history of China began. The once bustling Wharf Town has developed into a commercial center city in central China. Where are the top ten oldest existing buildings in Wuhan? What is the current protection situation? What are your plans for the future?

Xin 'an Academy (Huizhou Club) was built at 1668, located at No.3-27 Xin 'an Street, Kou District.

Xin 'an Academy (Huizhou Guild Hall) was built in 1668 (the seventh year of Kangxi), and it was composed of officials and businessmen belonging to six cities (now Shexian, Xiuning, Qimen, yi county, Jixi and Wuyuan in Jiangxi). Located in Xin 'an Street, it has a large scale, including Yushu Building, Wenchang Pavilion, Jade Emperor Hall, Zhuntian Temple, Xin 'an Lane and a fire hose. Because Kangxi dedicated himself to Zhu and compiled Zhu's complete works, the library pavilion dedicated himself to Kangxi's complete works of Zhu. The Royal Book Building is dedicated to Zhu's poems, which were carved on stones by masons. This is one of the few imperial books in Wuhan. Later, the "Xin 'an Wharf" was opened at the southern end of the Han River.

Xin 'an College still has a wall about 40 meters long and 9 meters high. Xin 'an Street, named after Xin 'an Academy, also maintains the appearance of an ancient street and is one of the important historical sites of Hanzheng Street.

Christian Chongzhen Church was built at No.44 Gejiaying, Wuchang District 1864.

Chongzhen Church is the oldest existing Christian church in Wuhan, China. Located at No.44 Gejiaying, Wuchang District, it was built by London missionary Yang Yu 1864 and is the first Christian church in Wuchang, the provincial capital.

The church is a one-story brick-wood Gothic church building with two sloping roofs. The plane is a Latin cross, and the doors and windows are made of double-pointed coupons and stained glass. It has been rebuilt and can accommodate 200 people.

Chongzhen Hall was built and opened in 1864, and it has a history of 150 years. In A.D. 1855, missionary Yang was sent to China by the Church of London, England. Wuchang was then the residence of Governor Huguang and the political and cultural center of Central China. Yang knows that it is of special significance to enter Wuchang if he wants to preach smoothly in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. He mobilized his followers, applied to the Wuchang government to build a church, and then went out in person. With the assistance of the British consul in Korea, he made many representations with the government on the grounds of the relevant provisions of the Beijing Treaty.

1In July, 864, the government was forced to allow Yang to buy land and build a church in Gejiaying, Wuchang. The worship of the real church is always presided over by Father China. Bao, the first Tang priest. 195 1 year, Tom Ceng Xianzi established the Wuchang branch of the "three-self" innovative learning society in Chongzhentang, becoming one of the "three-self" learning centers in Wuchang. 1958, the religious activities of Chongzhen Hall were completely terminated, and its buildings were later used as warehouses for paper mills. In June 2000, Chongzhen Church resumed its religious activities.

Chongzhen Hall is also one of the most important ancient buildings in Tanhualin, and it is the favorite of Wuhan literary youth. In 2004, the two levels of government in Wuhan officially launched the rescue and protection work of Tanhualin historical and cultural block, and formulated the control plan for the protection and utilization of Tanhualin historical block. However, after 10 years, the protection situation of Tanhualin's historical former residence is still grim.

Of the 52 monuments in Tanhualin, 23 are used by units, and about half of the old houses are in disrepair and need urgent maintenance and protection. In a limited area, Tanhualin Old Street has concentrated many styles of architecture, such as classical architecture, Renaissance, Chinese and Western integration, and traditional houses in China, covering religious architecture, hospital architecture, educational architecture, residential architecture and other types.

Macquarie Bank (Standard Chartered Bank) is located at No.33 Dongting Street, Hankou, and Wuhan Branch of Bank of China was established at 1865.

Macquarie Bank was established at 1865, located at No.33 Dongting Street, Hankou. Now it is Wuhan Branch of Bank of China, the first foreign bank established in China-Macquarie Bank in Hankou, UK.

The building was designed by British engineers and contracted by Telford Foreign Company, the first construction commercial law at that time. It is a three-story brick-wood building with a tin tile roof. The doors and windows are coiled into a semicircle arch, the walls are covered with cement, the eaves are carved with plant patterns such as rolling grass, and the surrounding corridors are vase-shaped railings. The walls are divided by transverse grooves, and the roof is surrounded by a square cone-shaped spire with traces of Gothic architecture. The whole shape is rigorous, symmetrical and full of rhythm, which is a typical British colonial architectural style.

Macquarie Bank is better known as Standard Chartered Bank. The first class of Standard Chartered Bank in China was named John Macquarie (John

Mackellar), perhaps by his catchy name, Macquarie Bank became a common name in the mainland at that time. This three-story gray-yellow western-style building is the first foreign-funded bank building recorded in the history of Hankou's port opening, which opened the door to the prosperity of Wuhan's financial circle.

Macquarie Bank (Standard Chartered Bank) took the lead in opening a branch in Hankou Concession in 1863, specializing in the deposit and exchange business of British and Russian tea merchants, becoming the first foreign bank in Hankou. Subsequently, British HSBC, Germany's Dehua Bank, Japan's Yokohama Zhengyin Bank, France's Agricultural Credit Bank, and Russia's China-Russia Dawson Bank successively settled in Hankou. By 1920, there are as many as 18 banks in the west. 1889, Zhang Zhidong was in charge of Hubei, which not only attracted foreign investment, but also vigorously fostered domestic business. At the beginning of the 20th century, China Commercial Bank, China Bank (Daqing Bank) and other modern financial enterprises were established one after another, which became an important pillar of Wuhan's urban modernization.

Hankou Concession is located between Zhongshan Road and Jiang Yan Road in Jiang 'an District. Starting from Jianghan Road, it was followed by British Concession, Russian Concession, French Concession, German Concession and Japanese Concession. The Fifth Concession was the commercial and entertainment center of Hankou and even Wuhan at that time. During the nearly one hundred years from the establishment of the British Concession in 1860 to the temporary termination of Wuhan's urban construction in 1938, numerous banks, office buildings and residential villas were established one after another, and Hankou's urban area expanded several times, making Wuhan a metropolis next to Shanghai in China at that time.

Jianuosha Sisters of Charity (now Xu Shiming Art Museum) was built at No.4 Huayuanshan, Wuchang District 1888.

Canosa Sisters of Charity Church is a classical building, built at 1888. The Sisters of Charity of Canosa was founded in Italy on 1806, with its headquarters in Rome. 1868, Canosa Sisters of Charity sent church personnel to Korea at the invitation of the bishop of Hubei Catholic pastoral area. 1888 bought land in Huayuan Mountain, Alternate Street, Wuchang, established the branch of Sister Kanosha Charity Association, set up nurseries, teaching classes, craft workshops and other public welfare undertakings, and built nun residential areas and nun charity chapels one by one. The religious activities ended on 1948.

The Sisters of Charity of Canosa is also an important historical protection building in Tanhualin. Tanhualin was formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is located in the northeast of Wuchang City, according to the General Map of Streets Inside and Outside the Capital of Hubei Province, which was drawn in the 9th year of Guangxu (1883). Located in the wall between Chongfushan (formerly known as Huayuan Mountain) and crab crab, it runs east-west, starting from Gujiapo in the east and connecting Kevin·Z Street in the west.

Liu Qizhi, deputy director of the Wuhan Municipal Bureau of Land Resources and Planning, said that some historical buildings in the Tanhualin Historic Block Reserve are facing a crisis of survival. The cultural carrier has a single function and lacks vitality, and cultural genes need to be activated and highlighted urgently. At present, the population density in the region is high, the infrastructure is backward, the industrial function format is relatively single, and the industrial positioning is low, which needs to be upgraded and enriched urgently.

At present, Wuhan is making the final development plan of Tanhualin. Ren Sheng, director of the Planning and Propaganda Department of Lv Wen Company in Wuchang District, said that in the future, in addition to privately renting old houses to develop cultural industries, the government will also introduce large development companies to develop Tanhualin as a whole.

The Catholic Bishop's Office (Zhongnan Institute of Philosophy and Philosophy) in the pastoral area of eastern Hubei was built at 1889, located at No.4 Huayuanshan, Wuchang District.

As early as 1862, Eustacchio, Bishop of Hubei Province of Italian Catholic Franciscans, bought a large piece of land in Huayuan Mountain, Wuchang, and entrusted his successor Bishop Jiang Decheng as an architect to design and build the Bishop's House in East Hubei. This is a relatively large-scale brick-wood building with two floors above ground and one underground.

The Catholic bishop's office in the pastoral area of eastern Hubei is very symmetrical, with a slightly prominent middle part and a triangular decorative wall at the top. There is an inner corridor on the first floor, with five entrances in the middle in the shape of an outer dome, which is connected to the ground with high steps, and the left and right sides are in the shape of a dome with a clearance of more than 4 meters. The windows on the second floor are all square except the one in the middle which is vault-shaped, and the clearance is lower than that on the first floor.

1889, Jiang Decheng designed and built the cathedral on the left side of the office. Later, a nursery was built. This cathedral has a Roman architectural style in many places. For example, its windows are not big; The outer wall is very thick, giving people a strong and heavy feeling; It is very high from the ground, and it takes many steps to enter, which is much higher than the steps of St. Joseph's Catholic Church in Shanghai Road, Hankou.

The facade of the cathedral is symmetrical, with eaves and triangular decorative walls above the center, which is very similar to the decorative wall of the bishop's office; And the two small triangular windows are very chic; The circular decoration below gives people an aesthetic feeling that Fiona Fang matches and reflects each other. Embedded deep reliefs are built on the two sides of the center and the left and right side walls, and the graphics are green big-leaf plants.

The Catholic Bishop's Office in the pastoral area of eastern Hubei is currently the seat of the Central South School of Philosophy and Philosophy. Central South School of Theology and Philosophy is the base for cultivating parish priests to meet the needs of churches all over the world. According to Baidu Encyclopedia, the admission requirement for students in Central South Theological Seminary is 18-30 years old, with high school education or above, and unmarried young men who believe in Catholicism. They are willing to devote themselves to Catholic missionary work and live a single life. After they apply themselves, they are introduced by our pastor, approved by the parish, and then accepted by those who pass the monastery examination.

Zhongnan University of Economics and Law has a six-year academic system, namely, two years of philosophy and four years of theology. Philosophy courses include: logic, cosmology, psychology, ontology, history of philosophy, China philosophy, doctrine, spirituality, history of holy religions, church music, etiquette, English, Chinese, history of China, sports, law, Deng Xiaoping Theory, etc. Theological courses include: ethical theology, rationalism theology, Bible, scripture, politics, animal husbandry and so on.

The former site of the Swedish parish was built at 1890, located at No.92-108, Tanhualin, Wuchang District.

Passing through a completely Chinese-style gatehouse in Tanhualin Street, we were surprised to see a group of buildings with Nordic style, which is the missionary base built by Christian Swedish Road Association 1890 in Wuchang. The old gatehouse, bishop's building, consulate and clergy room are still preserved in the present compound, as well as the study of the old truth middle school opened by the Swedes in the early years. Except the Christian Truth Hall, the main buildings in the compound are basically well preserved.

The former site of Swedish parish is a typical Nordic style building. The parish building is a two-story and four-story brick-wood structure, and the outer colonnade is arched. The Taoist Association has successively built Christian Daotang, Dean's Building and Truth Middle School. It is the largest parish in China, eager for the headquarters of Taoist Association to be located in Hubei. During the Anti-Japanese War, Swedish consul Xia Dingchuan moved the Swedish consulate into the parish to act as an agent between Britain and the United States and the Japanese puppet government in Wuhan. 1952, Swedish consulate closed. The present compound preserves the former gatehouse, bishop's building, consulate and clergy room, as well as the old dormitory of Truth Middle School. The church has been demolished and other major buildings are well preserved.

There are still residents living in Swedish parishes. As early as four years ago, the relocation of the Swedish parish began, but the progress was slow. According to the staff of Liangdao Street Office, the ownership of historical buildings is complicated. For example, it costs about 30 million yuan for the government to buy the property rights of old buildings in Swedish parish style. There are still 14 buildings in the core block of Tanhualin, and 127 households are waiting to vacate, so the replacement cost is very huge. Without the effective integration of block resources, the construction and development of blocks will be seriously affected.

The former site of St. Joseph School was built at No.5/KLOC-0 1890 Chongfushan Street, Wuchang District.

St Joseph's School is located at 49-5 1 Chongfushan Street, and was built at 1890. In the early years, it was the reading room of St. Joseph's Chapel and affiliated schools run by the Anglican Church in the United States, called "Daily Notice". It later became an important stronghold of anti-Qing revolutionary groups such as Liu Jingan and Zhang Nanxian, and organized anti-Qing revolutionary groups to "communicate with Japan" for the purpose of spreading advanced western ideas. After Liu Jing 'an was arrested, he died in the Qing court prison on the eve of the Revolution of 1911. 1920, St. Joseph's Church was expanded to include primary and secondary schools, and the words "St. Joseph's School" were engraved on the lintel.

The building of St. Joseph's School was destroyed by fire, only the doorframe survived, and the words "St. Joseph's School" were also discovered and exposed in recent years.

The former site of St. Joseph's School is also located around Tanhualin. According to reports, Wuchang plans to build the Yellow Crane Tower Scenic Area: connect Hubu Lane, Tanhualin and Yellow Crane Tower in series to form a whole. Specifically, it includes the Yellow Crane Tower, the northern slope of Sheshan Mountain, Hubu Lane and Tanhualin.

Yan Chai Hospital (now affiliated hospital of Provincial College of Traditional Chinese Medicine) was established in 1895, located at the intersection of Tanhualin and Yan Zhi Road.

In A.D. 186 1, the English missionary Yang built a small church near Tanhualin, and later opened a clinic and school to serve the congregation and nearby residents. Seven years later, the missionary moved the clinic and medical skills to Tanhualin and expanded it into; 1883 officially changed its name to Yan Chai Hospital. Wuchang Renji Men's Hospital and Wuchang Renji Nursing School were founded here on 1878, and Wuchang Renji Women's Hospital was also founded here on 1880. 1895 The main building of Yan Chai Hospital was expanded and rebuilt on a large scale, leaving the existing building.

Tanhualin area is the earliest birthplace of western medicine in Wuhan, and early western medicine hospitals such as Renji and Tongren appeared one after another. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), Tan founded Hubei Military Medical School and trained the first batch of western medicine talents. Doctors, hospitals and medical skills formed the heyday of Tan's medical care.

Yan Chai Hospital is attached to the building, basically keeping its original appearance. The building of the hospital is a brick-wood structure that combines Chinese and Western styles, with both Renaissance-style colonnades and China-style sunken cloisters. The relief patterns of stone arches attached to the building are also very unique.

Yan Chai Hospital is the best preserved hospital after modern western hospitals were introduced into Wuhan. It is a rare early modern hospital complex in Wuhan and even the whole country, and its architecture has special significance in the history of medicine. Renji Hospital treated the people's army during the Revolution of 1911; 193 1 Wuhan was flooded, and Wuchang disaster relief headquarters was established here. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, it was a Japanese military hospital, and 1953 was taken over by the Municipal Health Bureau, and part of it was put into the workers' hospital. Now it is the affiliated hospital of Provincial College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine used to use the main building as a library and four annex buildings as staff quarters. In order to better protect the whole building, the provincial hospital of traditional Chinese medicine relocated all the residents and allocated huge sums of money for repairs.

Russian patrol building (now the office building of Jiang 'an Water Affairs Bureau) was built at 1902, located at No.54 Dongting Street.

The Russian patrol building was built at 1902, located at No.54 Dongting Street (the intersection of Li Huangpi Road and Dongting Street) within the protection planning of the old city of Wuhan. For the Police Section of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, courses such as public security, intelligence and justice were set up, and 30 foreigners and China nationals were patrolled around 1900. After the Russian October Revolution, the concession was returned to China on 1924, and the inspection institute was revoked.

Russian patrol building is one of the well-preserved historical buildings in Hankou Russian Concession in recent years. The patrol room was built by Changchang Construction Factory. It has two floors above ground, with a mezzanine inside and an underground floor. Made of brick and wood structure, the building area is about 640 square meters. It has an approximately rectangular plane, an L-shaped inner corridor, a main entrance in the center, an overhanging balcony at the top and a stone wall at the bottom. There is no picture in the upper part. Facing the facade of Li Huangpi Road, a symmetrical design method is adopted. The windows on the first floor are provided with triangular lintels, and the windows on the second floor are provided with arc lintels.

After liberation, the Russian patrol building was once the Party School of Jiang 'an District Committee, and now it is the office building of Jiang 'an Water Affairs Bureau. "It doesn't matter, as long as the doctrine is true. The poems praising the martyrs who killed Xia He and others in Xia are almost known to women and children. But few people know that this poem was written in the former site of the Russian patrol house on Lihuangpi Road in Hankou.

In the area of 2.46 square kilometers around Li Huangpi Road, five concessions were divided into Britain, France, Russia, Germany and Japan, and 12 foreign consulates and nearly 30 foreign-funded financial institutions were established. Hankou Russian Concession is one of the two Russian Concessions in China in modern China, and the other is Tianjin Russian Concession. 1896 opened. The area is 4 14 mu, 6 minutes and 5 centimeters. Located between Hankou British Concession and Hankou French Concession. 1920 was hosted by China. 1924 was officially withdrawn and changed to Hankou Special Zone 2.

According to reports, the renovation project of Qingdao Road block in Old Hankou has been started, with an estimated total investment of 4.09 billion yuan, which will be transformed into a historical and cultural block integrating entertainment, leisure, finance and culture within 2-3 years.

Jisheng Road Telephone Branch (now Jianghan Branch of Wuhan Telecommunications Bureau) was built at 1902, located at No.98 Youyi Road, Jianghan District.

Jisheng Road Telephone Sub-bureau was founded in 1902, and now it is the Telecommunications Bureau of Youyi Road in Jianghan District, located at No.98 Youyi Road in Jianghan District. In the 28th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1902), there were telephone offices in Wuchang and Hankou.

19 17, Wuhan telephone office was established in Hankou, and Wuchang was the telephone branch office. 192 1 autumn, Hanyang set up a telephone branch. 1926 Wuhan Telephone Bureau signed a contract with Jisheng Company to set up a telephone branch in Jisheng Road, Hankou.

Jisheng Road Telephone Sub-bureau belongs to modernist architectural style, but it incorporates classical architectural elements. The building is located at the intersection of Youyi Road and Zhu Min Street, making full use of the terrain on both sides. A protruding door bucket is set at the entrance of the front, supported by four Onek columns in parallel, and a balcony is naturally formed on the door bucket.

Square doors and windows. There is a prominent waistline on the second floor. There are three horizontal cornices, the cornices are decorated with mountain flowers, and the roof has a parapet. There are not many complicated decorations on the facade. The whole building has both the elegance of classicism and the simplicity of modernism, which is an excessive modeling from classicism to modernism.