The benefits of thinking in images

Thinking is the highest form of human cognitive activities, which enables people to reflect not only the things directly perceived by the senses, but also the internal relations between things. This is through the analysis, comparison, synthesis, abstraction and generalization of things. It is a cognitive activity that indirectly reflects the essence of things through reasoning or judgment. It is a process of dealing with abstract things through memory and imagination, so as to understand their meaning. Today, I bring you some articles about thinking, hoping to help students in need!

What is thinking in images?

Thinking is a kind of rational knowledge, which is an indirect and general reflection of the human brain on objective things, including logical thinking and image thinking. Simply put, logical thinking is a process of reflecting reality with the help of concepts, judgments and reasoning. Image thinking, also known as artistic thinking, is to express abstract things or thoughts and feelings with the image of concrete things. It is the thinking activity and way of thinking of literary and art workers from observing life, absorbing and accumulating creative materials to creating artistic images. The characteristic of thinking in images is not divorced from concrete images, which must represent the essence of things.

Image thinking and logical thinking are complementary, not mutually exclusive. The difference between them is that logical thinking reveals the essence of things with abstract concepts and expresses the result of understanding reality; On the basis of selecting specific materials, thinking in images reflects the result of understanding reality through imagination, association and even fantasy, accompanied by the author's strong feelings and distinctive attitude, and by using highly concentrated and generalized methods. Take the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and the First Development of Baidicheng by Li Bai as examples.

Geography textbook:

Located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Three Gorges are called Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge. It starts from Baidicheng, fengjie county, Sichuan Province (now Chongqing) in the west and ends at Nanjinguan, Yichang, Hubei Province in the east, with a total length of193km. Beaches and canyons alternate with each other and are deeply formed by the rising rivers on the spot. On both sides of the strait, there are rugged rocks, fast-flowing rivers and abundant water resources.

Li Bai's Early Making Baidicheng;

Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away.

The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills.

Comparing the two, the first part uses logical reasoning, which is an objective description of the Three Gorges and a practical approach. It briefly outlines the scope, length, causes, steep mountains and rapids of the Three Gorges, and hints at the rich hydraulic resources it contains. The latter uses image description.

The first sentence "Farewell to Baidi in Clouds", written at dawn, bid farewell to Baidi City in Clouds, not only revealed the starting point of the Three Gorges for us? The towering terrain of Baidicheng shows the poet's joy. As we know, Li Bai was dragged down by the Li Lin incident, exiled Yelang, and escorted to Baidicheng, Sichuan, where he was pardoned and pleasantly surprised. Then set sail for the east, and the carefree mood can be imagined.

In the second sentence, "one thousand miles" and "one day" are used to describe the distance (386 miles) between the origin and destination space and the short arrival time. The ship is like an arrow leaving the string, and the two places are thousands of miles apart and can be reached in an instant. Using exaggerated techniques, it vividly describes the "river running" and also shows the author's relaxed and happy mood.

The third sentence, "the apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying", is the image description of "the two sides of the strait are stacked with stones and cliffs", which makes people inaccessible. This further confirms the speed of the ship.

The "Chung Shan Man" in the fourth sentence indicates that the "heavy rocks" of the Three Gorges are "deeply formed by rivers with rising crust". The use of "the canoe has passed" once again shows the speed of the boat, and it is also a portrayal of the poet's cheerful mood after going through hardships and finally getting out of trouble.

There is no abstract concept, reasoning and definition in this poem, but a concrete image description of the ship map of the Three Gorges. On the one hand, it shows the magic and magnificence of the Three Gorges, on the other hand, it shows the inner joy of the poet. These essential connotations are the result of thinking in images.

The ancients used thinking in images very skillfully and skillfully. For example, the inequality between the rich and the poor is vividly summarized by Du Fu in two poems: "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the road freezes to death". Another example is that feelings are abstract, such as how to express feelings? Li Yu, queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Li Qingzhao of the Song Dynasty were both masters of writing "sorrow". Li Yu said in Young Beauty, "How much sadness can you have? Just like a river flowing eastward, it is difficult to write "sorrow" to the extreme. These are all things we should learn.

The role of thinking in images in pipa performance

Thinking in images is one of the most vivid and vivid thinking forms of human beings. The thinking in images in pipa performance is the thinking form that the performer vividly displays the pipa music under the influence of intuition, psychological image, imagination, emotion and imagination, which has the characteristics of intuition, concreteness and visualization. Rudolph arnheim, a famous scholar, once said, "A great deal of evidence shows that ... real creative thinking activities are carried out through' images'" (visual thinking). Image thinking is to use the existing intuitive images to understand and solve problems, which runs through the pipa playing process.

Under the action of thinking in images, the performer first has a concrete and vivid understanding of the past performance, musical image and artistic conception of music. On this basis, players can understand the inner feelings of music sensitively and directly without logical reasoning, which is intuition. Intuition is based on accumulated experience and is closely related to inspiration. At the same time, the performer summarizes the musical images he has seen and heard in his mind to form a psychological image. Mental image runs through the whole process of game thinking, which is an image thinking form with abstract thinking factors. When the mental images in the player's brain reach a certain number, the brain will artificially combine some parts of the original mental images to form a new mental image, which is imagination. Imagination is the main activity force of playing thinking. Only by full imagination and association can we express our feelings correctly and fully, which is the most important link in emotional expression. Through the role of intuition, mental image, imagination, emotion and other thinking modes, the performance situation and process are comprehensively assumed, and finally the music is played vividly. Here, thinking in images is a dynamic process.

As a vivid thinking form, thinking in images plays an irreplaceable role in pipa playing and learning.

(A) the use of image thinking to recognize and remember the performance of predecessors is conducive to the emotional expression of pipa performance itself.

Pipa performance is a kind of technical performance with personal emotion, and its ultimate goal is to make the performer combine his emotional experience with the emotion contained in music, and to innovate and develop. However, pipa music is preserved in the form of silent score. On the one hand, the performer should make rational cognition under the action of abstract thinking, on the other hand, he should recognize the predecessors under the control of image thinking, recognize the performances of some famous performers or different factions, especially some important wonderful fragments, and remember them. When these musical memory traces are collected to a certain saturation, it will stimulate the player's internal drive and inspire him. In the end, the accumulation and cognition engraved in memory will pour out more strongly and intensively during the performance, and truly realize the second creation of music.

For example, House of Flying Daggers is one of the most representative pieces in Pipa Wu Qu. In the development of pipa art, many artistic schools have gradually formed. Different schools, such as Pudong, Pinghu, Chongming and Ace, have different playing techniques, styles and characteristics. Before learning and playing, you should listen to and memorize these genres of audio-visual materials repeatedly, so as to gain more feelings and memory traces, and finally lay the foundation for your real and vivid performance. For example, in the "ambush" part, most factions deal with the speed from slow to fast at the beginning of each sentence, and most long notes are played by the "long wheel" method. Chongming school adopts the methods of "rolling" and tension sliding; Pinghu school adopts the techniques of "long wheel" and "stroke", while Pudong school adopts the fingering of "wheel" and "roll" in long notes. At the end of this paragraph, all factions have enduring notes, indicating that the Han army has gathered in a designated place to ambush the Chu army, rendering the unique silence and tension before the war. Another example is the "War" section, which mainly shows the extraordinary momentum of breaking the sound, guns, Chu songs, flutes and neighing horses. Chongming school used the fingering of "twisting four strings" in this paragraph; The Pudong school has the sound of horses whistling here, and uses two strings to "push", "hug" and "sing" at the same time. In the middle of this paragraph, between the sound of guns and the sound of Chu songs and flutes, the empty string of "double sweep" is used to represent the horseshoe sound in Mercedes-Benz, and then four strings are rolled, which is one of the fingering methods used by Pudong School: Wang School began to use "double sweep". Only by repeatedly listening to and memorizing the performances of different factions can we learn useful things from each faction and lay the foundation for our final image performance.

(2) Under the action of thinking in images, the performer makes his emotions and the artistic conception expressed by music perfectly integrate through intuition, psychological image, imagination, association, emotion and imagination in turn, and finally plays an image.

With the help of image thinking, players often intuitively "see" a scene according to the artistic conception of the music in pipa performance, and feel visually and audibly in their hearts to form a psychological image, and then the brain processes and transforms the original psychological image to form a new psychological image, that is, imagination. On this basis, performers can arouse the emotion of psychological life and project it into the emotional world expressed in their works, so as to realize real affection. After that, the performer can vividly and concretely imagine the whole process of the performance. This is a dynamic course of action.

Imagination and association are the main activities of playing thinking. Imagination is the ability to project the performer to another spiritual world, a free imagination caused by sound perception and emotional experience, and association is the imagination of related life images and artistic conception caused by descriptive music. Through imagination and association, the performer can experience the aesthetic feeling of the work to the maximum extent, materialize the conceptual image in his brain, promote the transition of aesthetics from experience to unknown new image, and make the performance really enter the realm of his own description. Imagination and association can also arouse people's deep feelings, and put them into the performance of music to make reasonable investments.

It should be noted that the psychological image and imagination in image thinking are not consciously associated with the musical image and picture in music at the same time when performing on stage, but are put into practice in music through skilled and "dynamic stereotypes" in the practice stage. At this point, the "image" in the player's mind has been transformed into various skill combinations and different sounds through the "materialized" performance. The embodiment of thinking in images in performance should be in music practice and subsequent music processing, not in the moment of stage performance.

Imagination and association play an important role in understanding and expressing the artistic conception of music and finally playing the image. For example, the pipa solo Little Sisters on the Grassland was written by Liu Dehai and Wu Zuqiang. The whole song is divided into four parts: grazing on the grassland, fighting against snowstorms, the party's sunshine shining in the heart, and ten thousand red flowers blooming everywhere.

1, "Grassland Grazing": The introduction similar to Ma Touqin tune reminds us of a vast and vibrant Mongolian prairie, and then the music enters the rhythm and the theme appears:

2. "Fighting the Blizzard": The music uses the effect of multi-string fingers and sliding sound, which reminds us that the sky is suddenly covered with dark clouds. At the moment, the storm roared, the snow fell heavily, the sky was dark, the sun and the moon were dull, and the sheep were in a state of panic and fled everywhere. ...

3. "The Party's Sunshine Shines on the Heart" is a lyric music, which profoundly expresses the care and warmth of the Party and the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the people:

Music mainly uses two techniques, long fingers and shaking fingers, to remind people that after the snowstorm, the sun shines on the earth, the frozen little sister wakes up slowly, and leaders and the masses come from all directions to bring the party's warmth and care to the hero's little sister. ...

4. The theme of "ten thousand red flowers bloom everywhere" reappears. The cheerful melody and the ingenious change of pipa fingering show that the heroic deeds of the little sisters in the grassland spread all over China, and the children adorn the Yuan Ye of the motherland like flowers.

When studying and playing this piece of music, the performer can feel the artistic conception of the whole and each paragraph by means of imagination and association, and finally express the music vividly.

(3) Thinking in images is helpful to cultivate the sense of space and movement in pipa performance.

Pipa performance is a highly concentrated musical behavior. In the performance, in order to ensure the continuity and transformation of music and the need of musical emotion expression, the spatial position of the left and right hands, as the main action organs, on the pipa strings and frets is constantly changing. In order to ensure the accuracy of finger movement position changes, in addition to practicing more on weekdays, it is more important to establish a clear taste image in the brain, to ensure that you can "see" the position and movement of the piano face and hands on the piano face in your brain when playing, and to cultivate a good sense of space and movement. At this time, if the player's eyes are tightly fixed on the piano surface, it will become the burden of playing and affect the coherent expression of movements and emotions. In addition, when the player is tired and resting, he can also imagine the specific fingering and movements in the performance through the thoughts in his mind under the action of image thinking, thus continuing the sense of space and movement in the performance.

For example, the allegro part of the concerto "Blessing" has a big jump technique:

In playing, the left hand needs to jump greatly between I and IV positions. In order to ensure the accuracy of finger position change, besides a lot of daily exercises, it is necessary to establish a clear taste image in the brain and cultivate a good sense of space and movement.

(D) Thinking in images is helpful to the training and improvement of playing skills, and plays a positive role in relieving the mental bondage of players due to technical difficulties.

Generally speaking, there are two basic ways to obtain pipa playing skills: one is to seek the purpose by means; The other is to seek means from the end. The performer transforms his understanding of music image and artistic conception into the concrete image of sound effect, and then consciously or unconsciously selects and adjusts the action mode, so that the action mode gradually meets the requirements of sound effect from the inside out and from the outside to the inside out. Because the final embodiment of music image depends on various playing skills. Therefore, driven by thinking in images, all kinds of required playing skills are refined repeatedly, so as to get a real musical feeling more accurately and confidently. This way gives full play to the positive role of thinking in images, so that the performer can naturally eliminate the obstacles between musical expression and technical means while transforming artistic conception into acoustic effect, achieve the unity of palm and hand, and reduce the mental bondage caused by technical difficulty.

Therefore, thinking in images, as one of the most vivid and vivid thinking forms in pipa performance, stimulates the players' rich thoughts and emotions, and makes the internal performance situations, actions and feelings to be expressed in music consistent through mental images, imagination and association, thus making pipa music innovate on the basis of inheritance and truly realizing the second creation of pipa music.

Thinking in Images and Language Training

Chinese situational reading can effectively promote the development of students' thinking. In a specific situational atmosphere, teachers themselves are deeply moved by the works and have creative imagination of the images described in the article, so with the participation of emotion-driven imagination, students can be more moved and feel aesthetics and art. This situation is conducive to the active activities of students' thinking in images, enabling them to analyze and synthesize on this basis, thus promoting the development of abstract thinking. When students engage in thinking activities, the internal language also advances by leaps and bounds. Teacher Li Jilin said: "With such a foundation, students should be guided to make a timely transition from an internal language to an external language. Therefore, after the situation is strengthened, it is necessary to design language training to guide expression, so that students can understand more clearly and feel more deeply, and it is possible to use words or sentence patterns in the text. "

For example, when Ms. Li Jilin teaches "What am I?" First, she asked the students to recall the scenes of white clouds, Xia Hong and dark clouds they usually saw, then cut and paste three corresponding pictures, and then asked the students to describe the clouds they saw in one or two sentences and talk about them floating in the sky. Therefore, the students used the language of "white clouds floating in the blue sky" to compare the sunny day with "it's going to rain, and clouds of dark clouds pour into the air from the horizon", which made the situation described in the article more clear. In the last part of the text teaching, Miss Li designed a situation for students to act as the speaker, abstracting and explaining how "water" evolved from fairy tales, thus helping students master the main content of this lesson.

Text "What am I?" Teacher Li taught the class twice, and designed five trainings before and after, running through the whole process. Please look at the teaching clips.

Training ①

Teacher: The text says, "I" am in the pool and "I" am in the stream. Who do you think this "me" is In ponds, streams, rivers and oceans. Who is this? (Student: It's water)

Why is the water in the pool sleeping and the water in the stream walking? How can the water in the river dance and sing?

[Prompt sentences to understand the text through language training]

Who can say:

The water in the pool is like a person sleeping.

The water in the stream is like a person walking.

The water in the river is like a person running.

The water in the ocean is like people dancing and singing.

(Arouse imagination by intuition; Then ask questions in language to stimulate imagination. From the intuitive picture to the language of questioning, the mood is jumping, the image is changing, and the language is constantly changing. Situational reading never leaves the anthropomorphic imagination of teachers and students, and thinking and language are always combined in the context of dialogue. )

Teacher: as you know, "I" means "water" Now read the third section, and change "I" to "water" when reading. The change of topic made the students understand the text at once.

"(i) Water will change. As soon as the sun shines, water becomes steam. When it rises to the sky, the water becomes countless tiny points, which are connected and floating in the air. Sometimes water. ...

(Changing "I" to "water" seems to be a casual reminder, but the role of students has changed, and the narrative language has changed from a symbolic metaphor to an intuitive explanation, so the angle of expression of the article has changed, and the corresponding language expression has also changed. In this way, the text becomes easy to understand, and at the same time, it cultivates children's imagination and rhetorical ability. )

Instruct reading aloud: (1) The water is sleeping, quietly and gently; The water is walking, louder than "sleeping", which should be from weak to strong (teacher's demonstration), but it is still relatively light and slow; Running in the river, how to read? How to read Dancing and Singing in the Ocean?

The reading tone is from weak to strong, and the language rhythm is from slow to fast, which makes the language closely related to the expressed object and the different states of the object. Teachers' questions arouse students' thinking and make them have a sense of image substitution. They seem to have become different modes of water, sleeping, walking, running, singing and dancing. The teacher's words arouse children's imagination and let them fly their imagination. In the understanding of different images of water, children deepen their understanding of words and contexts, and the improvement of language level and the development of image thinking complement each other. )

Training ③

Teacher: Water becomes a cloud and floats in the air. Let's talk about it first Everyone has seen clouds. What clouds have you seen?

Show paper-cutting with students' answers, arouse students' memories of life experience with pictures, then enter the situation described in the article, and then carry out language training.

Will you say a word when you see these scenes?

[Combined with sentence training]

It's sunny.

It will rain.

③ Evening, sunset glow.

4 in the morning, sunrise.

Read the text with guidance, highlight "white", "black" and "red yarn", and read the appropriate tone.

Language training is accompanied by strong emotions, which drive the imagination internally, make the thoughts have wings, fly freely and create beautiful artistic conception. Imagination externalizes inner feelings, brings emotions to beautiful things, and highlights and strengthens their appeal. Memory, drawing, language and reading aloud are linked; The tone of reading aloud is not only to pour out feelings, but also to shape images. )

Training ④

Teacher: Clouds are floating in the air, sometimes turning into small hard balls, sometimes into small beads, and sometimes into small flowers. Really changed. Now the teacher asks the children to play games and help the word "find one of their own". Here are nine words. Who can line them up and who is the same thing? Line them up.

[Show: "Little Beads, Small Hard Balls, Small Flowers". Give the six word cards of "Rain, Hail, Snow, Falling Flowers, Floating Flowers" to the students, and let them sort it out by themselves, and make clear the collocation relationship between the words through their own activities]

Arrange the cards in the following order.

Small beads, small hard balls, hail and small flowers

Rain and snow and snow

↓ ↓ ↓

Fall again and again

The design of game activities greatly improved students' interest. The creation of this situation makes children devote themselves to learning activities, makes Chinese learning have empathy and emotional experience, visualizes abstract word concepts, and makes children understand words more deeply and master phonetic application more freely. )

Training ⑤

Teacher: Now the teacher asks the children to be commentators to explain how the water changes, without the tone of "I". (Further master the main content of the common sense text through explanatory dictation)

Name names.

abstract

Teacher: After learning this lesson, we know that "I" in the text is water. Water is very changeable. Clouds, rain, snow and hail are all made of water. Water can be in small rivers, big rivers and oceans. Water has done many good things for mankind, but it can also do bad things. We should study the temper of water and make it do more good for human beings and less bad.

Situational reading enlivens students' thinking activities and creates good conditions for their language development. The deeper the students' thoughts, the richer their emotions. Once this emotion matures in the heart, it will take the initiative to find some way to present and express it.

By creating educational situations, Mr. Li Jilin enables students to consciously combine language training with developing thinking under rich emotions. Because students feel first and then express, plus the role of emotions, they are often in an anxious state of "emotionalization and resignation". Teacher Li said: "Every time the language training, the students in the experimental class are scrambling to speak. They are always so enthusiastic. I think that's because language training has deepened students' feelings and promoted the development of students' thinking and imagination. " Situational reading is open, humane and forward-looking, and its fundamental purpose is to help children grow spiritually. Therefore, the training of thinking and language always focuses on students' subjective status and future development.

For example, when teaching fish and diving boats, some students asked, "What if the submarine meets a shark at the bottom of the sea?" Students are particularly interested in this question because they are curious. Teacher Li realized that ignoring or restraining children's curiosity would extinguish the spark of children's wisdom. At the same time, she also considers that this textbook can expose students to some bionics, thus stimulating students' imagination and prompting them to discover and create something in the future. Therefore, she lets students imagine boldly, which is very meaningful for the development of students' creativity and imagination. Teacher Li feels that some students' questions seem to be divorced from the text, but it is beneficial to make some discussions according to the specific teaching requirements of this text. Maybe this seminar planted a seed in some children's minds with bionic inventions.

The benefits of thinking in images;

1. Analysis of the differences between image thinking and abstract thinking

2. Introduction and reading of the characteristics of abstract thinking.

3. The role and significance of innovative thinking

4. About the benefits of using mind mapping and the benefits of right brain development.

5. The benefits of children's thinking training

6. The influence of imagination on mankind in 2020

7. The role of writing in thinking training

8. How to cultivate a rich imagination

9. The role between the left brain and the right brain

10. Advantages and disadvantages of developing the right brain