Appreciation and Collection of Geyao Porcelain-On Geyao, an artistic treasure of China.

Ge Kiln, one of the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty, is still unable to unveil its veil due to the lack of documentary records in Song Dynasty, and the documentary records of later generations are often fragmentary and even contradictory. Although archaeological materials related to Ge Kiln have been increasing for decades, and some problems have been solved based on these materials, before the exact firing site of Ge Kiln in Song Dynasty was officially discovered, many viewpoints could not be used as evidence for studying Ge Kiln, but only thought and imagination. However, the collection of Qing Palace in the Palace Museum has brought us some convenience in studying Ge Kiln.

Pottery-making technology of Geyao porcelain

There are two ways to burn Ge Kiln; One is full glaze firing technology, which is the same as Ru kiln, but because the matrix of grid porcelain is thicker than that of Ru Ci, its Zhi Ding mark is thicker than that of Ru Ci. One is the all-glaze pad firing process, which is more common in porcelain.

There are three decorative techniques for porcelain. One is the phenomenon of "purple mouth and iron feet", which appears on porcelain with blue-black carcass; One is that there are only iron feet, and there is no "purple mouth" phenomenon (this phenomenon is found in many porcelains in the National Palace Museum in Taipei); One is the purple mouth phenomenon when the mouth edge and ridge edge are coated with dye. In the above three cases, the iron foot image is the result of coating iron brown protective glaze on the bottom of the object, not the color of the carcass.

"Purple mouth and iron feet" is a feature of official porcelain and elder porcelain in Song Dynasty. Many people think that the porcelain blank is black, and the glaze juice flows when it is fired, which makes the mouth edge thinner and exposes the black matrix, thus forming the purple mouth phenomenon, which is only a phenomenon in a few official porcelains and predecessors' porcelains with blue-gray matrix. By observing the Ge porcelain handed down from the two palaces, we find that the purple mouth phenomenon in Ge porcelain is not caused by the thinning of the matrix due to the flow of glaze juice during firing, but a decorative effect. The method is as follows: first, apply iron-brown tire protection juice on the tire feet of porcelain tires, and then glaze the whole inside and outside. After the glaze juice is dried completely, apply a purple-black dye to the mouth edge and ridge edge of the utensil with a pen, then cover it with a layer of transparent glaze and fire it in the kiln. After leaving the kiln, Goetz will have this "purple mouth and iron feet" effect. The Guan and Ge porcelains pursued by the Song people are not only as warm as jade in glaze, but also give people a feeling of "iron bones with copper tires", which seems to be made of glaze juice on bronzes. This combination brings the beauty of Geci to the extreme.

The glaze of Geyao porcelain is as smooth as jade, which is different from that of Ru Ci. Ru Ci pursues the effect of sub-gloss, while grid porcelain pursues the moist jade texture. This phenomenon is caused by coating a transparent glaze on the outer end of the glaze layer of porcelain. With this transparent glaze and reasonable control of firing temperature, the glaze of grid porcelain will become more moist. Many people think that the use of transparent glaze should appear on blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty. In fact, this technology was already used in Guan and Ge porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty. Using this transparent glaze can enhance the jade texture and wear resistance of porcelain surface, which is more conducive to viewing and playing. Among the unearthed porcelains, many from Ru Ci have infiltrated the surface, while official porcelains and elder brother porcelains are rare. It is precisely because of the protection of this transparent glaze that many Guan Ge porcelains are still as bright as new.

Discrimination of authenticity of Geyao porcelain

Geyao porcelain is similar to Song official kiln in terms of fetal bone, glaze color and shape, so there has always been a saying that officials and brothers do not distinguish. The three characteristics of Geyao porcelain are unrepeatable. The first is the jade texture of porcelain glaze, which should be smooth and smooth. This glaze made of natural minerals at that time, its color, luster and firing process, has not cracked so far. The second is the phenomenon of "gold wire and iron wire" on porcelain, which form a network, crisscross each other and have natural textures, and complement each other. We marvel at the opening and luster of this genuine porcelain that has been deposited for thousands of years. Third, the shape of the objects is solemn and simple. Many of them come from Shang and Zhou bronzes, and the unique shapes created by Song people according to their own hobbies make it difficult for us to understand their artistic conception and use.

However, modern imitation has lost its sense of Gu Zhuo and solemnity, and lost its balance; Glaze is bright, and some not bright are mostly etched and worn out; The opening pattern is basically black and there is no gold thread; The glaze has no jade texture, and the carcass is too light or too heavy.

The imitation of Ge kiln has been continuous, and the earliest record began in the late Yongle period. According to "Ming Taizu Lue", Renzong was a prince, and he successfully copied the Agger kiln, but so far he has not been able to find a handed down product. The Palace Museum in Taiwan has a collection of blue and white porcelain plates and bowls with six-character regular script, but it is still controversial whether they are imitations of the Ming Dynasty. Imitations of Chenghua Ge Kiln are collected in the Palace Museum in Beijing and Taipei. Their tires are fine, clean, white and dense, and the glaze is pink and beige. Glaze is smooth, bright and neat. After Chenghua, there were not many fine imitation Ge kilns in Ming Dynasty. During the reign of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, there were well-made imitations of Ge Kiln, large and small striped "gold wire" and simple large and small stripes. The glaze color is mostly dark gray and blue, and some of them are "purple iron feet", with thick fetal quality. Compared with the authentic Song Dynasty, there is still a big gap. After Qianlong, imitation burning continued, and the official kiln handed in a lot of books.

The Value of Geyao Porcelain

It is true that the stock of porcelain in Geyao is scarce, but it is not as small as more than 100 pieces. This data is only the current number of collections. In the hands of the world's major collectors, there are still a certain number of porcelain fragments unknown to the outside world, so it is impossible to have accurate statistics. In addition, the number of unearthed cultural relics has been increasing in recent years. 1992, Christie's in Hong Kong auctioned a Geyao octagonal ear piercing bottle, and the transaction price exceeded100000 Hong Kong dollars. From June 5438 to February 2004, a piece of Geyao porcelain was auctioned in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, and was finally bought by a private collector at the price of 10 million yuan. This official kiln ear bottle has a beige glaze and a purple mouth. After thousands of years, it is more shiny and moist. 20 10 in may, Sotheby's took a piece of ge kiln porcelain in London at a price of 1 10,000 pounds. In the autumn of the same year, Sotheby's took another piece of Geyao porcelain in new york for $654.38+7600. What is the most expensive price recorded in recent years? Over $3 million. Because the glazed surface of grid porcelain is moist as jade, the shape is exquisite and unique, and the carcass is thick, which is more conducive to viewing and playing, it has begun to be concerned and sought after by many collectors. But at present, limited by the auction law in China, the price is not very high, and the transfer and transaction are carried out between private individuals. In the future, Goetz will definitely have more room for appreciation.

Geyao porcelain is famous at home and abroad, and its firing technology is one of the best in the history of China porcelain. Although there are many imitations in the past dynasties, they are far inferior to Ge kiln porcelain in production technology. Geyao porcelain is rare in the world and very precious in the market. There are many counterfeiters, so collectors must be cautious when buying.

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