How to teach classical Chinese reading

1. How to learn classical Chinese well

Teach you how to learn classical Chinese well

The improvement of reading level does not depend on one *, especially classical Chinese reading. The most effective way is to rely on the usual temporary accumulation and be good at using it skillfully in reading.

Many people learn classical Chinese only to clear the writing barriers, thinking that the teacher has made it clear and they understand it, which is enough. The teacher talks one by one, and the students learn one by one. After a year and a half, I don't remember any of them. This learning method is extremely undesirable. Therefore, the first thing to learn classical Chinese is to accumulate.

accumulation is inseparable from recitation. By memorizing several important chapters in classical Chinese, the meaning of content words, the use of function words and the changes of various sentence patterns in classical Chinese are already included. More importantly, by reciting, we can learn the essence of the conception, layout and rhetoric of ancient famous articles, and improve our cultural accomplishment. So, how many chapters do you need to recite? The newly revised Chinese Teaching Syllabus for Middle Schools has clearly stipulated that "read classical poems and simple classical Chinese, understand the meaning of words and the ideological content of works, and recite a certain number of famous articles." This "certain quantity" is defined in the syllabus as 5 poems and songs such as Difficult Road to Shu, Slow Sound and Farewell to Changting, and 2 ancient Chinese poems (paragraphs) such as Encouraging Learning, Preface to Lanting Collection and Red Cliff Fu. These are the minimum requirements for every high school student. With the increase of the number of reading articles, your language perception of classical Chinese will become stronger and stronger, and your reading level of classical Chinese will become higher and higher. Reciting is the foundation of learning classical Chinese, which is the fundamental way to improve the reading level of classical Chinese. Besides, there is no better way

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2. How should teachers teach classical Chinese

Classical Chinese teaching is both simple and not simple.

It is simple to "implement every word and make every sentence clear", which doesn't seem to require too many tricks, but this kind of classroom learning is easy to fall into the realm of "teaching" and "learning" with no enthusiasm, no interaction between teachers and students, and the teaching process is boring. This kind of teaching is not conducive to improving students' Chinese level and cultivating their aesthetic taste.

Let me talk about some seemingly simple but not simple methods of teaching classical Chinese for your reference only. First, hold a purpose? According to the spirit of the syllabus, our teaching of classical Chinese should follow the requirements of the syllabus, starting from teaching students the basic methods of learning classical Chinese, so as to cultivate students' ability to "correctly understand" and read "simple classical Chinese", and focus on cultivating students' ability to discover, explore and solve problems.

2. Establish two goals. 1. Accumulate common real words and function words in classical Chinese to help students lay a solid foundation and gradually read simple classical Chinese independently. 2. Cultivate students' ability to read and comprehend classical Chinese, stimulate students' interest in learning classical Chinese, and gradually enjoy classical literature independently.

third, adhere to three practices? 1. release. Nowadays, middle school students receive more information and accumulate more ideas and knowledge.

We should trust students' comprehension ability, and don't arbitrarily underestimate students' comprehensive ability. We should boldly let go and let students read the article first with the help of textbook annotations, ancient Chinese dictionaries and the Internet.

"Let students learn and explore actively in the teaching process" and cultivate students' ability of "discovering, exploring and solving problems". It also allows students to experience the joy of success and the fun of learning.

how to let go in teaching? My methods are: copying, reading and translating, and questioning. The first is "copying".

"Copying" requires students to copy the text in a special exercise book before class. The second is "reading and translating".

Read the text and the notes below it correctly, and interpret the article with the help of notes. Students are fully capable of doing this.

the third is "questioning". Where students have doubts, what students can't solve through discussion is the focus of the teacher's instruction.

Chernyshevski said, "Only what people do voluntarily can be done well." Indeed, our Chinese teachers should boldly let go and stimulate students' desire for knowledge, and they will learn independently.

？ 2. point. That is, teachers are directly involved in students' learning.

as a tutor, give timely instruction to his study. There are three main types of nudge: (1) nudge for understanding words and sentences.

As a teacher, it is unnecessary for him to explain every word and sentence of the original text in detail, but he should focus on the interpretation and explanation of key words and phrases and important and difficult points in the text. Change students' vague places into clear ones.

make students suddenly enlightened. Also urge the children to take notes, just write them down in the book.

taste and remember difficult and important words repeatedly. (2) the inspiration of "reading aloud".

on the basis of understanding, guide students to read the article well, that is, let students read the sentences clearly, read the tone and intonation, and accurately convey the author's thoughts and feelings. (3) The understanding of the ideological connotation of the article, and the induction of the structure and language characteristics of the article.

When students study classical Chinese, the understanding of words and expressions is the basis and the key point. The understanding of ideological connotation and the induction of full-text structure and language characteristics are the difficulties in guiding students to learn classical Chinese, which teachers can't avoid, let alone make it a blind spot.

in the process of "point", I like to implement this "point" in various forms. The process of "point" is an important process of imparting classical Chinese learning methods and cultivating classical Chinese learning habits.

Instruct students to write down the key translations in the classical Chinese exercise book. The pace of this process should be grasped according to students' comprehensive learning ability. ）

？ 3. race. In order to urge students to finish all the tasks in the learning process happily.

I usually play in various forms. It not only stimulates students' interest in learning, but also implements the teaching objectives, and nourishes students by the essence of China traditional culture.

The form and content of the competition can be flexible. Competition reading, competition translation, competition understanding, competition extension, competition rewriting, competition recitation, competition dictation and so on. 3. how to learn classical Chinese well

1. how to learn classical Chinese? A: This question cannot be explained clearly in a few words.

But there are some methods worth learning. The main points of these methods are: reading aloud and reciting; Prioritize; Knowledge classification; Scientific translation training; The training of inference. This book provides some methods worth trying.

2. How to read and recite efficiently? A: Reading and reciting should follow the scientific method. There are two ways to read aloud: ① Read aloud according to the rhythm.

on the basis of mastering the content and emotion of the article, we can express the emotion and style of the article by controlling the tone and rhythm. In order to get a sense of language accurately.

it's best to follow the teacher's instructions. ② Read quickly.

On the basis of rhythmic reading, gradually speed up the speech, but you should have the rhythm and style of the article in mind. Generally speaking, the faster the rhythm, the better. The function of this method is to strengthen language sense training, which is especially important in general review.

(2) There are some scientific methods to recite. Before practicing reciting, you must read the translation carefully with reference to the original text in order to understand the content and ideas of the original text.

① Reciting by reference to the translation Read the original text first, then read the translation by reference to the original text, and then recall the corresponding original text according to the words and sentences in the translation. Repeated many times, not only practice the ancient translation to the present, but also compare the ancient and modern morphology and syntax, which is simple and efficient.

(2) Break the whole into parts On the basis of understanding the original content, divide the article into several meaningful paragraphs, remember their main ideas respectively, recite them in sections according to the main ideas, and break them one by one. The advantage of this is that you can clearly grasp the ideas and levels of the original text and combine understanding with recitation.

③ copying and reciting This is a method of reciting by using eyes, mouth, hands and heart comprehensively, and reading while copying. "Handwriting it once is better than reading it ten times", which makes you familiar, familiar with pet phrase, familiar with your hands and familiar with your heart. Not only did you learn the article by heart, but your understanding also deepened.

④ grasping three relatively long natural paragraphs can grasp three keys to recite: the first word of the paragraph; The first and last sentences of a paragraph; The idea or the center of a paragraph. Grasp these three points tightly and read the paragraph quickly, so that you can remember the paragraph quickly.

3. How to prioritize the vocabulary with a huge memory? How to get twice the result with half the effort? A: Vocabulary is the focus of classical Chinese learning. Among them, ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy, ancient and modern changes, flexible use of parts of speech and other knowledge are the key points.

context understanding and memory should be combined. In the study of notional words, we should pay attention to sorting and classification, and strengthen understanding and memory.

The study of function words should avoid memorization, and pay attention to understanding and comprehension in the process of reading (especially reading aloud). The content words and function words selected in this book and their usage are very representative in ancient Chinese, and they are sorted out according to their internal laws, which can be used as specific reference.

this book also provides simple and efficient methods such as "combining words from the same root", "related inference" and "one sentence". I hope students can use them flexibly by analogy. 4. Proper nouns often become obstacles to reading, and they often don't know that they are proper nouns. What should I do? A: Proper nouns often indicate names of people, places, officials, years and temples, as well as proper names of some special things, such as ancient punishments and unique titles in ancient Chinese, which are generally used as subjects or objects (including prepositions).

When you encounter a word that is difficult to judge by logical reasoning, see if it belongs to the subject or object. If it does, treat it as a proper noun first, and then judge what kind of proper noun it is according to the context. It is not necessary to find out the specific meaning, especially in exams. Some proper nouns in ancient Chinese are no longer used now, such as "hoeing the thorns (farm tools)" and "long shovel of the hook and halberd (weapons)" in On the Qin Dynasty. We just need to find out what kind of proper nouns they are.

5. how should I deal with the huge amount of literary common sense? A: The purpose of learning classical Chinese is to learn language knowledge and gain the ability to read classical Chinese. The second is to master the relevant cultural ideas.

Therefore, we should prioritize the common sense of literature. Important writers' works, backgrounds closely related to the content of the article, and important events and phenomena in the history of literature are important. For example, Qu Yuan, Sima Qian and Li Bai are important, the ancient prose movement is important, and "Fu, Bi and Xing" are important.

classified memory can be performed. Literary common sense is not the focus of the college entrance examination.

6. Can you talk about the general characteristics of the classical Chinese test questions in the college entrance examination? A: The proposition of classical Chinese in the college entrance examination generally follows three principles: the principle of learning; The principle of emphasis; The principle of checking ability. The investigation points are mainly selected from the words and sentence patterns that have appeared in the teaching materials, and mainly investigate the universally important contents in ancient Chinese.

Although the test questions are selected from materials that most candidates have not read, the knowledge and ability examined are within the class. Therefore, we should focus on teaching materials. From the past college entrance examination questions, the materials of classical Chinese reading questions are almost biographies, and such materials are rare in teaching materials, so they must be expanded to extracurricular activities.

There are obvious rules in reading biographical paragraphs. Please refer to point 6 of "Learning Essentials of Classical Chinese" above. In addition, from the perspective of development, reasoning and descriptive materials will occupy a place in the future college entrance examination (which is also a requirement for improving the quality of college entrance examination papers).

Texts like Preface to Lanting Collection, Fu on the Red Wall, and Xi Ci on Going Back should be given full attention. The types of questions are mainly: reading choice; Sentence translation; Fill in the blanks with famous sentences.

appreciation and evaluation may be increased in the future. In addition, the ability required by the topic of "Appreciation of Ancient Poetry" is also related to classical Chinese.

about 3 points are involved. 7. What should I do if I encounter knowledge that I haven't learned during the exam and become an obstacle to solving problems? A: You must first judge whether this knowledge really becomes an obstacle, because not all doubts are enough to affect solving problems.

It is necessary to add some knowledge to the test paper that is not available in the textbook. But this knowledge is closely related to the knowledge in the textbook. You can try the following methods: recall the relevant knowledge in the textbook and infer its general idea accordingly; Inferring its general idea according to the context (which can be understood as a limited guess), sometimes it is only necessary to master its grammatical function in the sentence.

8. how to choose and use reference books? A: There are many reference books in the book market. Different books often have different opinions about the same knowledge, different choices of primary and secondary, and uneven quality. You should choose those with strong pertinence, reasonable priority and clear system.

you may not be able to master these standards, so you'd better listen to your teacher. Ping. 4. How can we learn classical Chinese well

Classical Chinese is the language used by the ancients and is no longer used in our real life. However, it is the source of modern literature and still affects modern literature in various ways. Therefore, to really learn modern Chinese well, we must have a solid foundation in classical Chinese. Writers and scholars of the older generation, such as Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Qian Zhongshu and Liang Shiqiu, all have deep roots in ancient Chinese, and their works are full of rich classical flavor, with concise, accurate and elegant language. Mr. Lu Xun has read and studied a lot of ancient novels since he was young, which has a great influence on his later novel creation. Mao Dun's skill in reciting A Dream of Red Mansions has always been praised. Qian Zhongshu is a generation of scholars first, and he is proficient in Chinese and Western studies, especially in Chinese studies, and then he is a writer. The world only knows that there is a besieged city, but I don't know that there is a pipe taper; Liang Shiqiu is well versed in classics, and is well versed in a subset of classics and history, which is reflected in his prose works. Not only is the language quaint and honest, but it is easy to put it away, and it is also handy to use allusions, and the music is wonderful. Liang's extensive reading and practical work are really amazing.

So, how can we learn classical Chinese well in senior high school? Here are some learning methods:

First, master the basic language structure. Classical Chinese can be roughly divided into words and sentences. Among them, words include content words and function words; Sentences can be divided into five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, ellipsis sentences and fixed sentences. It is the basis of learning classical Chinese to master the language structure of classical Chinese systematically and understand its differences and connections with modern Chinese.

second, correctly break sentences. There are no punctuation marks available in ancient writing, so how to break sentences directly affects the understanding of the content of the article. The following points should be paid attention to in correctly breaking sentences: understanding key words and judging the relationship between words; Understand a certain appreciation of ancient culture; Master the rules of dialogue, reporting and quotation in the text; Judge according to the words at the beginning and end of the sentence and the idioms in the sentence.

Third, learn the correct translation methods. The principles of translating classical Chinese are: being faithful to the original, finalizing every word, giving priority to literal translation, supplemented by free translation. The following points should be paid attention to in translation: supplement the omitted parts; Adjust the word order; Increase or decrease appropriately.

fourth, repeat. As the saying goes, if you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will show itself. Reading more can cultivate a sense of language and achieve the purpose of reading other ancient works skillfully. In addition, ancient Chinese pays great attention to the internal rhythm and rhythm, and repeated reading can fully appreciate the musical beauty of the works and improve the interest in learning. 5. In the teaching of classical Chinese reading,