What are the characteristics of China traditional opera facial makeup?

Chinese Peking Opera facial makeup culture is profound, and the beauty of facial makeup application is unique! "Facebook is a unique plastic surgery art in China opera, which is used for stage performances. From the perspective of drama, it is personalized; From an artistic point of view, it is patterned. In the long years, the facial makeup of traditional Chinese opera was gradually formed with the gestation and maturity of traditional Chinese opera, and it was relatively fixed in a spectral way. " Facial makeup is unique to China opera, which is different from the makeup of any drama in other countries. China traditional opera facial makeup has a unique charm.

What is the relationship between Facebook and the characters in China's traditional dramas? Does every character in Chinese opera need to draw a face? The answer is no, not every character has to sketch Facebook, but sketch Facebook according to the classification of characters.

According to the traditional custom, there are two ways to classify characters in China's traditional operas, namely "life, Dan, purity and ugliness" and "life, Dan, purity, beauty and ugliness". Since modern times, the "Mei" line of many operas has gradually been classified as "Sheng", and "Sheng, Dan, Jing and Ugliness" are usually regarded as four lines. Every profession has its own branches, and each branch has its own basically fixed characters and performance characteristics. Among them, "Dan" is a general term for female roles; "Fate", "net" and two lines are male roles; In the "ugly" line, except sometimes playing ugly Dan and old Dan, most of them are male roles. Generally speaking, the makeup of "Sheng" and "Dan" is to beautify men with a little powder. The face of the word "sheng" is generally the same, no matter how many words, it is a face from the face; The face of the word "Dan" is similar no matter how many words. The personalities of "Sheng" and "Dan" characters are mainly manifested in performances and costumes.

Make-up with facial makeup is a variety of roles used by "clean" and "ugly" businesses, which change the true colors of actors with exaggerated strong colors and ever-changing lines, in contrast to the "raw" and "Dan" makeup of "plain face". The hook faces of "clean" and "ugly" characters are determined by different people, and everyone has a score. Although it is composed of stylized spectrum, it is a kind of personality makeup, which directly expresses the personality of the characters. There are as many "clean" and "ugly" characters as there are spectrum samples, which is different. Therefore, facial makeup is characterized by "ever-changing".

"Net", commonly known as face painting. Characterized by patterned facial makeup outlined in various colors, it shows rough, strange and heroic characters in personality and temperament. This kind of characters should be broad and bright in performance, with vigorous singing, rough and sharp action modeling lines, large "color blocks", large opening and closing, and magnificent bearing. Such as Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Cao Cao, Bao Zheng and Lian Po. According to their identity, personality, artistic and technical characteristics, net walkers can be divided into Zheng Jing (commonly known as Dahualian), Vice Jing (commonly known as Erhualian) and Wu Jing (commonly known as Wuerhua). There are shelves and two faces in the sub-net. Ugliness is commonly known as small face or three faces.

Zheng Jing (big face), mainly a singer. In Beijing opera, it is also called bronze hammer painting face or blackhead painting face. The characters played are Lian Po in General Harmony and Bao Zheng in My Beauty Case, and most of them are important officials of the imperial court, so winning by magnanimity is its modeling feature.

Sub-net (also known as Erhualian) can be divided into painted surface and Erhualian. The faces of the characters painted on the easel are mainly work and heavy body movements, and most of them are bold and brave positive characters, such as Lu, Zhang Fei and jy. There are also villains, such as Cao Cao, who plays the bad face in Beijing opera, and others are also played by shelves. In other operas, most of them are not called face painting on the shelf, and some operas are called face painting on sandals, such as Sichuan Opera and xiang opera. Erhualian is also a kind of face painting on the shelf, with few scenes and sometimes ugly performances, such as Liu Biao of Famen Temple.

Jason Wu (Wu Erhua) can be divided into two categories: heavy hand-holding and heavy fall. Yang in Golden Beach and other characters in Siping Mountain are mainly introduced. A heavy fall and a beating, also known as beating. For example, in Pulling Pulley, Niu Hao is a shelf, and Jin Wushu is Wu Hualian, and Jin Wushu turned the black wind into a beating.

"Ugliness" (small face or three faces) is a comedy character. Drawing a face between nose and eye socket plays a funny and funny role. Generally speaking, they don't repeat singers in their performances, but mainly speak clearly and fluently. It can be divided into two branches: Wen Chou and Wu Chou.

The classification of character industry in traditional Chinese opera is different in different operas. The above classification is mainly based on the classification of Beijing opera, because Beijing opera gathers the essence of many operas and represents the universal law of most operas, but this can only be a general classification. Specific to each kind of drama, the name and division are more complicated.

The relationship between Facebook and the business classification of opera characters can be simply expressed as follows:

The role transaction in traditional Chinese opera was originally used to express the social status, identity and occupation of a character, and then gradually expanded to express the character's morality, character and temperament. Role trading has typological characteristics, and the distinction between roles has obvious moral evaluation of good and evil, such as justice, loyalty and filial piety as dignified, evil and hateful as ugly. Facebook and clothing are direct visual representations that distinguish people. If clothing mainly shows the identity, status and occupation of the characters; Then facial makeup, especially facial makeup, is more about the character, temperament, morality, mood, psychology and so on. The evaluation of characters' good and evil, praise and criticism through Facebook is direct and clear at a glance. For example, Cao Cao's white face means treachery, and Guan Yu's red face means loyalty.

Facebook has relatively independent appreciation value and aesthetic significance, but fundamentally speaking, it is always an organic part of the performing arts of traditional Chinese opera. Therefore, in the process of watching opera performances, only by combining costumes and performances can we fully understand and recognize the artistic expression and aesthetic characteristics of Facebook.

The combination of facial makeup and costumes constitutes the appearance of a clean clown image on the stage, and combined with performances of singing, reading, doing and playing, a radiant artistic image is formed on the stage, which arouses the audience's psychology. Eyes and face are emotional and psychological windows, so Facebook is the visual center of the audience, and Facebook plays an important role in arousing the aesthetic feeling of the audience's aesthetic psychology. Colorful, ever-changing and rich in connotation, even many western artists find China's opera facial makeup "wonderful".

Painting a certain color on a person's face to symbolize this person's character and quality, role and destiny is a major feature of Beijing opera and the key to understanding the plot. Simply put, red face contains praise and represents courage; Black face is neutral, representing a fierce and wise man; Blue face and green face are also neutral, representing rebellious heroes; Yellow face and white face are derogatory, representing fierce and treacherous people; Gold and silver surfaces are mysterious, representing gods and demons. The colors of Peking Opera masks are very rich, and the main colors generally symbolize the quality, personality and tolerance of a certain character.