Why is Yuanmingyuan so famous?

Because Yuanmingyuan is a treasure of China culture, it contains rare treasures of past dynasties and masterpieces of peerless scholars. Yuanmingyuan is a master of traditional garden art in China.

And the combination of Chinese and western, the destruction of Yuanmingyuan is not only the destruction of a garden, but also the destruction of the ideological and artistic crystallization of past dynasties, thus bringing immeasurable losses.

Yuanmingyuan, also known as Yuanming Sanyuan, is a large-scale royal garden in the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the northwest suburb of Beijing, adjacent to the Summer Palace, and consists of Yuanmingyuan Garden, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden, so it is also called Yuanming Sanyuan.

In addition, there are many small gardens in the east, west and south, surrounded by stars. Covering an area of 3.5 square kilometers, with a building area of 200,000 square meters and more than 0/50 scenic spots, it is known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens".

Every summer, the imperial capital of Qing Dynasty comes here to escape the heat, listen to politics and deal with military and political affairs, so it is also called the Summer Palace. Yuanmingyuan, built in the Qing Dynasty, has been in operation for over 50 years.

It was once famous for its grand regional scale, outstanding architectural skills, exquisite architectural landscape, rich cultural collection and profound national cultural connotation, and was praised as "a model of all gardening arts" and "a model of ideals and art" by French writer victor hugo.

Extended data:

The historical background of the destruction of Yuanmingyuan;

1856 10, with the support and cooperation of Russia and the United States, Britain and France jointly launched a new war of aggression against China-the Second Opium War. Its purpose is to grab greater colonial interests. First, they started the Guangzhou War twice, but both failed to meet their expectations.

In order to exert direct pressure on the Qing government, the capital of Chen Bing was decided. The invading army approached Tianjin1May 858, and the Qing government was forced to sign the Tianjin Treaty with Britain, France, Russia and the United States respectively.

1860 (the tenth year of Xianfeng) In July, the fleet of British and French aggressor troops rushed out of Dagukou again, and under the guise of the exchange of contracts between British and French ministers in Beijing, they forcibly pushed forward and at the same time induced them to make peace. However, it has repeatedly caused complications and the conditions have become more and more harsh.

The purpose is to force the Qing court to submit to the capital of Chen Bing. Faced with the strategies of the invaders, the corrupt and incompetent Qing government made up its mind to beg for peace, and hesitated to formulate a defense strategy. As a result, the fighter plane was lost, causing the invading army to go straight to Tongzhou.

On September 2 1 day, China's army lost the decisive battle at Baliqiao in Tongzhou. The next morning, Emperor Xianfeng fled from Yuanmingyuan to chengde mountain resort in a hurry. It's called "Traveling to the North", but in fact, regardless of ancestral home, it flies away.

As a result, the capital has no owner, officials are scattered, the soldiers are in a state of chaos, and the people are frightened, which fundamentally shakes the firm resistance to the aggressors.

1860, 10 On June 6, the British and French allied forces bypassed the northeast suburb of Beijing and went straight to Yuanmingyuan. At that time, the remnants of Monk Qin and Rui Lin resisted in the north of the city for a while and then fled. The French army went first, passed Haidian in the afternoon and arrived at the gate of Yuanmingyuan Grand Palace in the evening.

At this time, more than 20 skilled eunuchs in Yuanmingyuan were fighting with the enemy at the entrance to Jindemen. "Don't be afraid of being killed, go forward bravely" and fight bravely. However, in the end, Ren Liang, the "Eight-product Head" of Yuanmingyuan, died in the line of duty.

At 7 pm, the French invaders captured the Yuanmingyuan. Wenfeng, Minister of Landscape Management, died in Fuhai. 1860 10 10 On October 7th, after the leaders of British and French aggression against China invaded Yuanmingyuan, they immediately "sent three British and French committees to discuss and distribute the treasures in the garden."

On the same day, French army commander Montaubon wrote to the French Foreign Minister: "I ordered French members to pay attention to the most valuable articles in art and archaeology first. This trip will be dedicated by you to your Emperor (Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte), which is extremely rare in France and will be kept in the French Museum.

"British commander Grant also immediately sent officers to try their best to collect things that should belong to Britain. "The day after the British and French invaders entered the park, they could no longer resist the temptation of goods. The officers and men rushed forward to rob in droves.

The wolf devoured the gold and silver treasures and cultural and artistic treasures in the garden. Just as the Qing government bowed to the invaders and promised to accept all the conditions of "negotiation and peace", on the other day, when signing the contract, the leaders of the British invasion of China, Erkin and Grant, claimed that their prisoners had been abused.

Ordered the burning of Yuanmingyuan. Different people hold different views on the reason why Yuanmingyuan was burned down. Official historians in China say that the British and French allied forces set fire to cover up their barbaric plunder. Some people think it's because the Qing dynasty didn't observe the diplomatic etiquette that the west has been pursuing for a long time.

Since the Qianlong period, western monarchs and their envoys have been despised and treated unfairly. The Opium War written by Travis hanes III holds this view. 65438+1October 18 and 19, three or four thousand British troops set fire everywhere in China, and the fire didn't go out for three days and three nights.

The whole park turned into a sea of fire, filled with smoke and brightly lit by candlelight. The sunshine over Beijing, more than 20 miles away, is dim, like an eclipse, and a lot of smoke and stars fall straight in the alley.

Baidu encyclopedia-Yuanmingyuan

Edited on 20 19-03-29

Does TA's answer help you?

Being able to help you is the happiest thing to know the answer!

Helpful, like TA.

No help, see other answers.

View all 67 answers

Don't be fooled, just look for it when you buy a bathing suit!

JD.com

advertisement

More experts

Why is the destruction of Yuanmingyuan an immeasurable loss in the cultural history of China?

Expert 1 online Q&A to 1.

Reply within 5 minutes |10,000 professional interviewees

Ask questions at once

"The Most Beautiful Fireworks" asked a question about primary education and made a good comment.

Lan Qiuwangzi consulted a question about primary education and made a good comment.

Garlic asked a question about primary education and made a favorable comment.

188 * * * 8493 consulted a question about primary education and made a favorable comment.

Basketball big picture consulted a primary school education problem and made a good comment.

The animal park consulted a question about basic education and gave it a favorable comment.

AKA asked a question about primary education and gave it a favorable comment.

19 1 comments

yl 1 12447

Very good!

View all 19 1 comments.

After reading it, the following is more interesting-

Why is the destruction of Yuanmingyuan an immeasurable loss in the cultural history of China and even the world?

Yuanmingyuan, built in 1707, is a royal garden with high artistic value. It is composed of Yuanmingyuan Garden, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden (later renamed Wanchun Garden), so it is also called Yuanming Sanyuan. Yuanmingyuan is the courtyard given to Yongzheng by Emperor Kangxi, and "Yuanming" is the name of Yong Zhengdi. Later, after Yong Zhengdi came to power, he expanded it and set up six duty rooms, including the Military Department. Also from Yong Zhengdi, Yuanmingyuan gradually became the political center of the Qing Dynasty. 1856, with the support of Britain, France, Russia and the United States, the Second Opium War was launched, which met with stubborn resistance from the Qing army. 1860, the invading army broke into Yuanmingyuan and carried out crazy destruction and robbery on Yuanmingyuan. Its core purpose was to make the Qing government accept the negotiation conditions quickly. 1860 65438+1October18, the invaders set fire to Yuanmingyuan. The fire lasted for three days and nights, and the smoke persisted for a long time, causing this unique garden masterpiece to be burned and become a ruin. This is an atrocity committed by western countries in Europe and America in the history of world civilization. Yuanmingyuan was ransacked, causing immeasurable economic losses. Various cultural relics, such as clocks, porcelain, clothes, jewelry, furniture, statues, etc. In fact, it was the highest representative of the court culture at that time and the treasure of China culture and world civilization. The destruction and loss of these cultural relics have become atrocities in the history of world civilization and contributed to the elimination of "bad styles" of other civilizations. The influence of "burning Yuanmingyuan" was very great, which caused the world to shake at that time. Hugo, a great French writer, wrote: "The two robbers who will be punished by history are France and Britain." And Burning Yuanmingyuan has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Since then, many wars, such as World War I and World War II, have also had many similar incidents, which have had an increasingly serious impact on the history of world civilization. These are actually deeply influenced by the Yuanmingyuan fire.

1 16 likes 4,069 browsing 2020-1-02.

Why is the destruction of Yuanmingyuan an immeasurable loss in the cultural history of China and even the world?

Because the Yuanmingyuan was built with painstaking efforts by the people, it was the largest museum and art gallery in the world at that time, and it was the pride of the Chinese nation. The last bronze ritual vessels in the pre-Qin period went down to famous paintings and various rare treasures in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, the British and French allied forces destroyed everything in the Yuanmingyuan and they moved away. All kinds of famous paintings and treasures were taken away by them, but those that could not be taken away were destroyed at will. Moreover, in order to destroy all criminal evidence, from June 10 to June 19, more than 3,000 intruders were ordered to set fire to the garden to destroy the evidence, and the fire burned for three days, from June 1860 to 65438+. After 13 days, this artistic treasure of our country, the essence of architectural art, was reduced to ashes in this way, so this is an inestimable loss in the history of world culture! Expansion materials In the history of Yuanmingyuan, emperors of all dynasties took good care of it, and emperors such as Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing spared no expense to expand it. Even in Daoguang's hands, the Qing court did not stop construction even though its finances were already very tight. After hundreds of years of development, Yuanmingyuan itself is not only an ordinary royal garden, but also the crystallization of China's art. Its overall structure and collection include China's architecture, calligraphy, ceramics and other top arts. It can be said that Ai Xinjue Roche put all the good things he could find there and put them in Yuanmingyuan. Its own value is like the Louvre in Paris and the London Museum, and it has become a landmark building.

46 like 1, 508 browse 2020- 1 1-05.

Why? The destruction of Yuanmingyuan is an inestimable loss in the cultural history of China and the world.

What far-reaching impact did the destruction of Yuanmingyuan have on China? Yuanming Three Gardens covers an area of more than 5,200 mu, with more than 50 scenic spots/kloc-0. Among them, the most famous ones are Guangming Hall in Zheng Da, Anyou Palace for ancestor worship, high-rise buildings with high water in feast mountains, Pengdao Yaotai simulating pavilions on Fairy Mountain, and Wuling Spring Scenery in Peach Blossom Garden. Some famous gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, such as the Lion Forest in Suzhou and the Ten Scenes of the West Lake in Hangzhou, are also imitations. Changchun Garden also has a group of European-style buildings, commonly known as the West Building. Yuanmingyuan is also a large royal museum with many treasures, books and artistic masterpieces. 1856 10, Britain and France jointly launched the second opium war with the support of Russia and the United States. 1860 10 10 On 6 October, the British and French allied forces bypassed the northeast suburb of Beijing and went straight to Yuanmingyuan, and a catastrophe began. So the question is, what important losses did China suffer in this catastrophe? First of all, the burning of Yuanmingyuan itself is the biggest loss. There are more than 100 gardens and scenic buildings in Yuanming Three Gardens, which are usually called Hundred Scenery. It integrates all kinds of garden buildings such as temples, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions and corridors, which is 6.5438 million square meters more than the total construction area of the Forbidden City. Wang Zhicheng, a French missionary, once gave an image description of this. He said: there are many changes in the form of the buildings in Yuanmingyuan, which are uneven and have no stereotypes. Each of its small palaces seems to be made according to a strange model, which seems to be randomly arranged, and none of them is the same as the others. Secondly, according to rough statistics, the number of looted cultural relics in Yuanmingyuan is about 6.5438+0.5 million, ranging from bronze ritual vessels in the pre-Qin period to famous paintings and calligraphy in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and various rare treasures. According to the historical records of the Qing Dynasty, only 4,465,438 European clocks and watches were exhibited and stored in Yuanmingyuan at that time, and only one big clock was spared. Afterwards, some lost objects robbed by bandits and abandoned by the invading army reached 1 197, which was at best one thousandth of the objects in the park. In fact, a large part of the goods robbed and destroyed by the British and French invaders are priceless. This heinous crime of destroying human culture is really outrageous!

49 likes 5507 visits 2020-11-10.

Why is the destruction of Yuanmingyuan an immeasurable loss in the cultural history of China and the world?

Because the Yuanmingyuan Garden, known as the Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens, is a large-scale royal garden in the Qing Dynasty, which contains countless rare treasures, rare birds and animals, as well as countless skilled buildings. It can be said that it is a master of China gardens, but it was destroyed by the British and French allied forces, which is irreparable and the loss is immeasurable. It is said that it was built by imitating the layout of the capital of Sharo, and it is an ancient Indian bridge. There are 326 temples and houses in this city. Since Kangxi, whenever the emperor and the empress dowager celebrated their birthdays, the Buddha statues presented by princes and ministers were stored here. Among them, there are pure gold, silver-plated, jade carving and copper plastic, and there are hundreds of thousands of them year after year. Yuanmingyuan was ransacked and burned, and the losses caused by this place alone, whether it is economic value or cultural and artistic value, are difficult to measure by numbers. Extended data:

/kloc-When it influenced overseas in the 0/8th century, China's traditional garden art spread to Europe, which had a great influence on the popular and formal gardens in Britain and France at that time. For a time, imitating China's natural gardens became a fashion in Europe. At the same time, European painters and missionaries were invited to create a batch of western-style buildings with Rococo style and China national culture in Yuanmingyuan, China, which opened the cooperation between Chinese and western gardens. The highest realm of China's traditional gardening art is that although it is artificial, it is natural. This is actually the embodiment of the idea of harmony between man and nature in China traditional culture in gardens.

2 15 likes 469 to browse 2020- 1 1-06

Why is the destruction of Yuanmingyuan an immeasurable loss in the cultural history of China? To find the answer, just "ask"

6,250 experts answered

Reply within 5 minutes |10,000 professional interviewees

Why is the destruction of Yuanmingyuan an immeasurable loss in the cultural history of the motherland and the world?

Because Yuanmingyuan was the largest museum and art gallery in the world at that time. Yuanmingyuan is not only magnificent, but also contains the most precious historical relics. From the bronze ceremony in pre-Qin dynasty to the famous painters and calligraphers in Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Therefore, it was the largest museum and art museum in the world at that time. 1860, 10, 10. On October 6th, the British and French forces invaded Beijing and invaded Yuanmingyuan. They took everything they could in the garden; If they don't move, they bring carts or animals; If they can't move, destroy them at will. In order to destroy the evidence, more than 3,000 intruders were ordered to set fire to the park on June 18 and June 19. The fire burned for three days and nights, and dark clouds enveloped the whole city of Beijing. This treasure of garden art and the essence of China architecture art were reduced to ashes. Extended data:

Comments on Yuanmingyuan Yuanmingyuan, born in Kangxi, grew up in Yongzheng and flourished in Qianlong. It inherits the excellent gardening tradition of China for more than 3,000 years, which has both the elegance of palace architecture and the euphemism of Jiangnan gardens. At the same time, it absorbs European garden architecture forms and blends different styles of garden architecture, making people feel harmony and perfection in the overall layout. It can really be said: "Although it was done by people, it was the beginning of the world." Yuanmingyuan, which embodies the essence of ancient gardening art in China, was the most outstanding large-scale garden at that time. Emperor Qianlong put it well: "There is no better place, a place full of treasures and spirits." But also occupies an important position in the history of world landscape architecture. Its reputation spread to Europe, and it was called "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". Hugo, a great French writer, commented on 186 1: "Just imagine that it is a fascinating building like the castle of the Moon Palace, and the Summer Palace is such a building." It is often said that Greece has the Parthenon, Egypt has the pyramids, Rome has the Colosseum and the East has the Summer Palace. This is an amazing and unparalleled masterpiece. As big as the Yuanmingyuan, several emperors have expanded and rebuilt one after another, and the influence of decadent feudal emperors' consciousness is still insufficient from any angle. However, on the whole, Yuanmingyuan is indeed an excellent garden. It can be said that it has brought together the excellent gardening art of China for thousands of years and pushed the classical gardens in China to a new height. At that time, people who witnessed its grand occasion said it was really good. Some western countries