What is the battle of Ningyuan?

Emperor Chongzhen was at a congenital disadvantage in the confrontation with Nurhachi. If Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty was the founder of this inheritance, Judy can be called a qualified defender, and more than a dozen emperors in the next 200 years were losers. Imagine, even if you are a billionaire with deep roots, where can you stand such a long time and such a big upset? So I went to Emperor Chongzhen to take over this mess. Although he wants to do something, what can he do? In fact, Chongzhen is not completely without a chance. The appearance of Yuan Chonghuan was the last straw that God gave to the Ming Dynasty. But where was Zhu Can Youjian, a dude who grew up in the palace, arrested?

The confrontation between Yuan Chonghuan and Nurhachi is a legend in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it is also an eternal pain in Nurhachi's heart.

We have to talk about Yuan Chonghuan first.

Yuan Chonghuan was born in Dongguan (now Guangdong). In the forty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 16 19), he was admitted as a scholar and was awarded the title of Shaowu magistrate. He is generous and likes to talk about the military. Every time he meets retired officers and soldiers, he talks with them about border defense, so he knows more about border defense and is very confident in his ability to manage border defense affairs.

Tomorrow, in the first month of the second year of Kai (A.D. 1622), Yuan Chonghuan went to Beijing to appear before the emperor, asking Zong to make an exception and use him, so Yuan Chonghuan was promoted to the position of Minister of War. Soon, Shanhaiguan was defeated, and the court agreed to keep Shanhaiguan. Yuan Chonghuan rode alone to inspect the military situation inside and outside Shanhaiguan Pass. The Ministry of War was surprised to see Master Yuan, and his family didn't know where he had gone.

After inspecting the military situation, he made a detailed report to the DPRK and said, "As long as I have horses and food, I can hold Shanhaiguan alone." The imperial court ministers admired his talent even more, promoted him to the position of minister of war, supervised the troops outside the customs, and paid him 202,000 yuan for recruiting troops.

At that time, all the land in the pass had been occupied by the ministries of Halashen in the late Jin Dynasty, so Yuan Chonghuan had to station in the pass. A few days later, Harrashin made peace with the Ming army. After the escape, Wang Zaijin ordered Yuan Chonghuan to lead troops to Zhongqian Institute to supervise the military affairs of Zhou Shoulian's troops, guerrillas and Qiantunwei. Soon, he was ordered to go to Qiantun to resettle the unemployed in Liao. Without further ado, Yuan Chonghuan immediately took advantage of the night to go forward, passing through many thorny places where butch and leopard haunt.

The next day, before dawn, Yuan Chonghuan went to town, and all the generals and soldiers admired his bravery. Wang Zaijin also trusted him more and prepared for him. However, Yuan Chonghuan thinks that Wang has no foresight in considering the military situation today and has not completely obeyed his orders.

In September of the third year of the Apocalypse (A.D. 1623), Sun Chengzong, a cabinet college student, toured the frontier and advocated that Ningyuan City (now Xingcheng, Liaoning Province) be shut out. Everything is blessed, and Liu Zhao tried to dissuade him. Sun Chengzong didn't listen and ordered Mangui to defend Ningyuan with Yuan Chonghuan. At first, Sun Chengzong ordered Zu Dashou to build Ningyuan City. Considering that the imperial court will not be stationed in Ningyuan for a long time, Zu Dashou has only built one-tenth of the city, and the walls are loose and thin, so it is impossible to defend.

Therefore, Yuan Chonghuan made a rule: the wall is three feet high, the female wall is six feet high, the foot of the wall is three feet wide, and the top of the wall is two feet wide. The project was supervised by Zu Dashou, his consultants Gao Jian and He Qian, and was completed in the second year. Since then, Ningyuan has become an important town outside the Office of the Commissioner. Yuan Chonghuan fulfilled his duty and vowed to live and die with Ningyuan. He is good at caring for the army, and the soldiers are willing to do their best for him.

Since then, business travel in Ningyuan has flourished, and refugees from outside the customs have gathered here, and people from far and near regard it as a place to live.

Later, when Yuan Chonghuan's father died, Yuan Chonghuan should have attended the funeral. However, due to the severe military situation, Xizong ordered him to take the funeral to his post. In September of the following year, Yuan Chonghuan led a land and water army12,000 people with general Ma Shilong and Wang Shiqin, and marched eastward to Guangning, passing through Beizhen Temple, Thirteen Mountains, Youtun (now Liaoning) and other places, and finally returned by water via Sancha River. Soon, the DPRK rewarded him for his meritorious service in guarding the border, and he was promoted to deputy military envoy, and later to participate in the political power.

When Yuan Chonghuan traveled eastward, he invited Jinzhou (now Liaoning) and Youtun to be restored, but Sun Chengzong thought that the time was not yet ripe. In the summer of the fifth year of the Apocalypse (AD 1625), Sun Chengzong and Yuan Chonghuan agreed to send generals to Jinzhou, Songshan, Xingshan, Youtun, Dada and Xiaoling River (near Liaodong Bay today) to build battlements. In this way, Ningyuan became the mainland, and the territory of more than 200 miles outside the customs was restored.

This year 10, Sun Chengzong was dismissed and replaced by Gao Di. Emperor Gaudi thought that all the cities outside the pass could not be defended, and ordered the removal of all defenses in Jinzhou and other cities, and the troops moved to the pass. Du Tun ordered Jin Qichen to write to Yuan Chonghuan, saying, "Jinzhou, Youtun and Daling River are all forward positions. If we give up withdrawing troops, the people who have settled down will move again, and the recovered territory will be destroyed. How many times can I retreat inside and outside the customs? "

Yuan Chonghuan is also strongly opposed to withdrawal. He said: "Sun Tzu's art of war says that there is no retreat, and Jinzhou and other three cities have recovered. How can I quit easily? When Jinzhou and Youtun were shaken, Ningyuan and Qiantun were shaken, and the Shanhaiguan portal would be lost. Now as long as you send an excellent general to guard, there will be no problem. " Gaudi insisted that Ningyuan and Qiantun should be evacuated together. Yuan Chonghuan said, "I am an officer of Ningyuan, and I will die in Ningyuan. I will never leave. " Unable to convince Yuan Chonghuan, Emperor Gaudi evacuated all the garrison commanders in Jinzhou, Youtun, Linghe, Songshan, Xingshan and Tashan, transferred all his troops back to Shanhaiguan, and abandoned more than one million mangoku stores. Many people died along the way, crying loudly, the people complained, and the morale of the army was very low.

Nurhachi saw this opportunity. In the sixth year of the Apocalypse (AD 1626), on the 14th day of the first month, he led his soldiers, braved the cold wind, and under the crowding round of Baylor ministers, commanded130,000 Eight Banners soldiers, claiming to be 200,000, and headed for Ningyuan City.

Along the way, Nurhachi was invincible and unstoppable, and successively conquered Jinzhou, Linghe, Xingshan, Lianshan and Tashan, which made Nurhachi more ambitious.

He sent a letter of surrender to Yuan Chonghuan, claiming that he would take Ningyuan City with his 200,000 troops, hoping that Yuan Chonghuan would surrender and guarantee the sealing of his senior officials.

However, Yuan Chonghuan gave him the answer: "The city is where people are, and the city is dead!" Nurhachi was furious and vowed to capture Ningyuan City.

In February, Nurhachi came to Ningyuan, and he personally directed the siege. With a thrilling horn, the Eight Banners swarmed in. At the same time, the deafening artillery of the Ming army also sounded in the city. The shells fell on the post-8 Jin Army, stopping the pace of the post-8 Jin Army's attack. Fierce fighting lasted from early morning until late at night, and the soldiers on the city and at the gate were fighting wildly. Nurhachi has never seen such a brave and tenacious Ming army. He is thinking about the hardships of this war. The next day, the third day, the war still didn't turn around. Nurhachi is constantly changing the style of play, and the city is looking for weaknesses, but Ningyuan City is like an iron wall. No matter how hard you attack, you can't break it.

Nurhachi had no choice but to lead the whole army. But this battle of Ningyuan is really a pain in Nurhachi's heart. Because Nurhachi has been invincible since he joined the army, this is his first failure.