Planting techniques of red watermelon

Red melon seeds are the seeds produced by melons, and the techniques of melons are provided as follows: soil preparation 1. Cucumbers are afraid of water damage and avoid repeated cropping. They should choose loam and sandy loam with high and dry terrain, deep, fertile and loose soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage, followed by sandy soil, clay and mild saline-alkali soil. Leguminosae and corn crops are better in the previous crop, followed by wheat, cotton and sunflower. It is necessary to rotate crops for more than three years, which is beneficial to disease prevention and should not be repeated. 2. On the basis of deep ploughing and winter irrigation before winter, harrow the ditch in spring, with the distance between ditch centers 130~ 150 cm. Poor soil fertility can be appropriately wider to make full use of the land. The width of the ditch is 30 cm, and the internal and external ditches are matched to facilitate irrigation and drainage. Before sowing, 666.7 square meters of 10 kg diammonium phosphate and 15 kg high-efficiency compound fertilizer should be applied. It is best to mix it with fermented organic fertilizer or oil residue and apply it to the slope 30 cm away from the ditch and the depth of 15 cm at the bottom of the ditch. Sow 1 as soon as possible. Select improved varieties. Excellent melon varieties are Xinzi Melon 1 and Lanzhou Heavy. It is required that the purity of the variety is above 95% and the germination rate is above 90%. Good melon seeds are pure, full, delicious and delicious. 2. Seed treatment. (1) Sunbathing seeds for 1-2 days before sowing is beneficial to improve germination rate. (2) Soaking seeds with warm water: Soaking seeds with warm water at 55℃ for 12 hours can kill germs on the surface of seeds. Seed soaking at 25-35℃ 12 hour can germinate early. Seed dressing with 25% carbendazim wettable powder which is one thousandth of the seed weight. 3. Plastic film mulching and sowing. Plastic film planting is beneficial to early germination, moisture conservation and weeding, and is an important link for high yield of melon. When the ground temperature of 5 cm stably passes through 14℃, plastic film mulching can be used for sowing, and the best sowing period is from late April to early May. Using mulch before sowing can prevent seedlings from burning. Cover the whole ditch flat, neat, tight and solid with 90 cm film, that is, the land is flat, the film is laid neatly, the film is laid tightly with the ground, and the film is compacted with soil to prevent strong wind from blowing. Cover the film and sow in the cave. After sowing, cover the seeds with fine wet soil and plug the membrane holes. Sow according to the hole spacing of 20-25 cm, with 2-3 seeds per hole, depth of 3 cm, sowing amount of 3 kg/666.7 m2 and 3,200-3,600 seedlings. At the same time, 75~ 100 ml of 50% acetochlor aqueous solution and 40~50 kg of water are used to spray the topsoil on the ridge surface, and then the ultramicro plastic film is covered, and the periphery of the film is tightly compacted with soil, which can effectively control weeds. Strengthen site management 1. Timely seedling establishment. Seedling should be sooner rather than later. Generally, one plant is left in each hole, two plants are left on both sides of the missing seedlings, and more than two plants are replanted by artificial germination. 2. Trim the vines. When the melon grows to 6 real leaves and the vine length is 10- 15 cm, manually press the vines with clods in time to prevent the vines from being entangled together by strong winds, resulting in low fruit setting rate. 3. Rational fertilization and irrigation: The first irrigation time should be determined according to the production situation, weather and soil of melon. Generally, the first irrigation time is in the middle and late June, and urea 15-20kg/666.7m2 should be applied for artificial nest combined irrigation. What needs to be mastered is that weak seedlings can be watered early when they grow slowly, and strong seedlings can be watered late and fertilized late. Fertilization should be applied at the depth of 10~ 15 cm from the root, with fewer strong seedlings and more weak seedlings. After that, water was watered once every 10- 15 days, and urea 10 kg/666.7 m2 was applied for the second time according to the seedling growth. Generally, water for 5-6 times during the whole growth period. The last time the water was cut off was in late August. 4. Pest control. The main diseases that harm melon are Fusarium wilt, anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew, virus disease and so on. In addition to reasonable crop rotation, strong seedling cultivation, deep furrow and high ridge planting and other agricultural measures, chemical control should also be carried out for different diseases. Powdery mildew is one of the most serious diseases in our region, which usually occurs in the first half of July, and should be mainly prevented. It can be sprayed alternately with thiophanate-methyl and triadimefon in seedling stage, clumping stage and early vine extension stage. The main pests that harm melon are aphids, cutworms and red spiders. In addition to spreading carbofuran 1.5-2kg/666.7m2 when sowing, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos and dicofol can be used for control.

Topdressing technique

The preparation of (1) culture soil generally uses loam garden soil 50%, decomposed compost 30% ~ 35%, 15% ~ 20% fine sand and a small amount of plant ash or1-2kg potassium sulfate per cubic meter of culture soil. (2) Soil preparation and application of basic fertilizer The application methods of watermelon basic fertilizer include spreading application, furrow application and spot application. Generally, farmyard manure 15-22.5 tons is applied per hectare, and then ploughed and harrowed, but furrowed according to row spacing, with a width of 50-70cm and a depth of 25-40cm, and farmyard manure 15-22.5 tons is applied again, mixed with calcium superphosphate (including available phosphorus 12%) (3) The times of topdressing watermelon vary greatly according to different planting methods and different regions. The number of topdressing in northern melon area is less, and the number of topdressing in southern melon area is more; The number of topdressing of dried melons is less, and the number of topdressing of watered melons is more. Generally, the first topdressing is carried out when the seedlings grow two true leaves (direct seeding) or slow seeding (transplanting). When the seedlings grow to about 65,438 0.5 cm, ditching, and applying 65,438 0.50-225 kg of urea and 65,438 0.05-65,438 0.50 kg of potassium sulfate per hectare. When the diameter of young fruit is 10- 15 cm, urea 150-225 kg and potassium sulfate 150-225 kg should be applied per hectare. 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% calcium nitrate can be sprayed 2-3 times from young fruit expansion period to fruit maturity period to improve watermelon yield and quality. However, when the diameter of young fruit is 10- 15 cm, urea can not be applied alone, otherwise the quality of watermelon will be reduced; If there is no potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used. If there is no fertilizer containing potassium nutrition, it can't be topdressing [1].

Harvesting and drying

1. The purpose of melon planting is to harvest full melon seeds, so wait until the melon seeds are fully mature before harvesting. Generally, melons are maturing one after another, so harvesting with seeder can be postponed appropriately. 2. After harvesting, put it in an open and sunny place to dry and turn it frequently until the shells collide and make a noise. Don't be too dry. When the melon seeds are taken out and aired, they should be turned frequently to prevent the melon seeds from shrinking and curling due to excessive water loss on one side, which will affect the quality; At the same time, it should also be noted that it is not suitable for continuous rainy days to prevent mildew. Low-temperature drying of melon seeds is the last step of melon planting. The drying quality must be guaranteed in order to improve the commodity rate of melon seeds and enhance their competitiveness in the market.

Eliminate pests and diseases

The main diseases that harm melon are Fusarium wilt, anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew, virus disease and so on. In addition to reasonable crop rotation, strong seedling cultivation, deep furrow and high ridge planting and other agricultural measures, chemical control should also be carried out for different diseases. Powdery mildew is one of the most serious diseases in our region, which usually occurs in the first half of July, and should be mainly prevented. It can be sprayed alternately with thiophanate-methyl and triadimefon in seedling stage, clumping stage and early vine extension stage. The main pests that harm melon are aphids, cutworms and red spiders. In addition to spreading carbofuran 1.5-2kg/666.7m2 when sowing, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos and dicofol can be used for control.