About the Dabie Mountain Campaign?

Dabie Mountain, located at the junction of Hubei and Anhui, is the crossroads of Jianghan and Jianghuai, and has always been a battleground for military strategists. During the Anti-Japanese War, the 2 1 Army of the Fifth Theater established an anti-Japanese base here and cut off the Yangtze River waterway many times, posing a great threat to the Japanese-occupied areas such as Wuhan, Hefei and Nanjing. Therefore, the Japanese army must go and come back quickly. After 1938, the Japanese army failed to attack Dabie Mountain many times. The base area has also been consolidated and developed, and by the end of 1942, it has expanded to more than 20 counties with Li Huang as the center; People's lives have gradually settled down, forming a veritable "Xanadu". Someone once boasted: "It is a miracle of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression that Dabie Mountain base can not only stand behind enemy lines, but also develop and prosper day by day." In order to completely destroy this "model anti-Japanese base area" and undermine the anti-Japanese will of the national government, the Japanese army launched the Dabie Mountain campaign in February 1942, which caused great losses to the lives and property of the people in Dabie Mountain. Now I will introduce the process of this campaign based on the information collected.

I. 2 1 Pre-war deployment of troops

The Seventh Army (Commander Zhang Qian) is stationed in Dushan Town, Lu 'an. Under its jurisdiction, 17 1 division (commander Cao) is located in eastern Anhui, 172 division (commander Zhong Ji) is located in Lu 'an, 173 division (commander Li Tingxun) is located in Nanzhuangfan, and the tenth column (commander Bai) is located in eastern Anhui.

The 48th Army (Commander Su) was stationed in Huoshan deep ditch shop. 138 division (teacher Li) is located in Taihu Lake and Buried Hill; 176 Division (Shi Tan) is based in Tongcheng and Lujiang.

The 84th Army (commander Mo) is stationed in the mall. 176 division (teacher Niu Bingxin) is stationed in Huangchuan; 189 division (teacher Zhang Wenhong) stationed in Jingfu; The fourth column (commander Zhang Xiangze) is stationed in Guangshan.

The 39th Army (commander Liu Heding) is stationed in Tengjiabao. Under the jurisdiction of 56 divisions (division commander Kong Haitun) in Luotian; Temporary 5 1 division (division commander Lin) is stationed in Hemacheng.

In addition, there are guerrilla columns under the command of Cheng Shufen, the guerrilla commander of eastern Hubei, the public security corps under the Anhui Security Department, and the troops directly under the 2 1 Army.

The total strength of the above-mentioned ministries is more than 100,000, but the strength of the 39th Army and guerrilla columns in eastern Hubei is weak, which has become the achilles heel of national defense.

Second, the Japanese attempted to invade Dabie Mountain.

At the beginning of 1942 12, the Japanese army frequently mobilized in the northern section of Pinghan Line and the eastern section of Longhai Road, threatening to "open Pinghan Line". The fifth war zone believed it, and transferred the 84th Army to Runan to strengthen the defense of Pinghan Road, and the western defense zone of Li Huang suddenly became empty. 1February 8, 2008 1 1 Commander Lieutenant General Okada's military plane was shot down by the anti-aircraft artillery unit of138th Division near Tianjiatan, Taihu Lake, killing all nine people on board. In June of 5438+09, the Japanese army attacked Dabie Mountain in three ways: the 68th Division invaded Taihu Lake from Qichun through Huangmei; 1 16 the first division attacked the buried hill from Anqing west; The 3rd Division was divided into Songbu and Xishui to attack Luotian. The first two roads are responsible for finding Tsuda's body and containing the 48 th Army; After all the way for the main attack, in order to defeat the 39th army, directly won the Li Huang. At the same time, the enemies of Hefei also frequently moved in Dashushan and other places to contain the 7 th Army of Lu 'an.

Third, the first battle

Trend of Taihu Lake and Buried Hill

On February 9th, 65438, Japanese/KOOC-0/KOOC-0/Army 68th Division invaded Taihu Lake from Qichun via Huangmei and Susong, and/KOOC-0/3rd Army/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/6th Division attacked the buried hill from Anqing, and was trapped in the buried hill for several days. On 25th, the enemy's 68th Division captured Mituo Temple and found the body of Tsuda. At this time, Su, the commander of the 48th Army, found that the Group Army Command had mishandled the war situation, immediately changed the deployment of troops, determined to stop and destroy the invading enemy, lured the enemy in depth, and concentrated superior forces to destroy it. At dawn on the 27th, 138 and 176 divisions violently counterattacked Taihu Lake and Buried Hill, and were annihilated several times, causing enemy casualties. On 28th, the 528th regiment of176th Division attacked Gaohe Port, and broke into the city street to scuffle with the enemy, killing more than 100 people. The 526th Regiment fought in Chenjiapu, killing 180 people. On 30th, the enemy of Mituo Temple was ambushed by the 4th138th regiment of 65438 Division near Hualiang Pavilion and Longshan Palace, with more than 0/00 casualties and more than 20 horses. 3 1 day, 4 12 regiment and 4 13 regiment wiped out the enemy 100 people on the beach of Longshan Palace. By 17, more than 500 people were killed or injured in the direction of Taihu Lake.

Fourth, the fall of Li Huang.

On February 28th, 65438, the Japanese army marched in the direction of Li Huang in three ways: East Road took Yingshan East Street Ridge, which was repelled by the 48th Army. After reinforcement, go to the Shuiman River and destroy the grain depot of the 48 th Army in Zhongjieling; Take Macheng Mu Zi Store on the West Road, cross Changling Pass and leave Wu Jia Store; The main force of the 3rd Division of Zhonglu, starting from Luotian County, passed through Dahebian and Xiaoqiao and went straight to the bunker. At this point, Zhang Yichun had realized that the Japanese army might attack Li Huang, and he was very scared. He urgently ordered the 84th Army to assist Li Huang, and transferred the 2nd Regiment of Gendarmerie, 3rd Regiment of Police, 4th Regiment of Li Huang Self-Defense Brigade to Songzi Pass, the second defense line of Li Huang. But to Zhang's surprise, the Japanese army did not pass Songzi Pass. 65438+ On February 30th, after the main force of the 3rd Division of the Japanese Army in Zhonglu captured Tengjiabao, it headed for the mall with a ridge on the border of North Vietnam, containing the 84th Army and173rd Division. Another Lutian detachment, mainly the 68th United, suddenly moved eastward and stormed the Wengmen Pass. The 1st Battalion of the 9th Regiment of Wengmen Garrison stepped forward and fought fiercely with the enemy for 4 hours until the position was destroyed. On June 65438+1 October1day, the Japanese troops on the west road also arrived at Changlingguan. At this point, the pine nut defense line completely lost its function. Zhang Yichun had to order the Li Huang Self-Defense Forces to run to the Wujiadian in Songziguan 15. That evening, Li Huang's self-defense brigade arrived at Wujiadian, but the Japanese army had already passed.

After entering the Wengmen Pass, the Japanese army in the Middle Road, led by traitors, crossed Houfan to the north, crossed Siwangling with steep mountains and steep roads, and entered Sizhou Valley. At the southwest end of the valley is Shijingshan Mountain, and there are six ammunition depots of the National Army hidden at the foot of the mountain. These ammunition depots are unknown to the locals, but the Japanese know them like the back of their hands. Within two hours, the Japanese army destroyed all six ammunition depots. After blowing up the ammunition depot, the Japanese army headed for Longmen Stone. Sizhou Valley is only 30 miles away from Longmenshi, but due to the high mountains and dangerous roads, the Japanese army set off at dawn on June 65438+February 3 1 and arrived at Longmenshi at 1 pm. In Longmenshi, the Japanese army killed more than a dozen people who were captured alive with fire. After dark, they lit the Chinese fir piled up by the river and the roadside shops. Then cross Mamian Mountain and head straight for Bahe River. At midnight on June+10/October 1 June, 65438, the Japanese vanguard troops arrived at Xiaba River, and its commander decided to take a short break before attacking Mao Ping.

Mao Ping is located beside Laoliuli Highway, near Xihe River. This is a small market town on the road from Liubo to Li Huang. On New Year's Eve, the small streets in Mao Ping were crowded with able-bodied men of Shucheng Division, migrant workers and vendors passing by who transported military supplies. 65438+1Before dawn on October 2, the Japanese army entered Mao Ping. The able-bodied brigade rose up to resist, killing and wounding several enemies, all of whom died heroically because they were outnumbered. After the occupation of Mao Ping, the Japanese army became bestial and killed 56 1 soldiers and civilians, young and old.

The news of the Japanese approaching reached the 2 1 military headquarters, and Zhang Yichun was frightened. At this time, the main force of Nanzhuang Fanyuan 173 Division has been transferred to Huangchuan and Guangshan, and the 84th Army is still on its way. Only the headquarters special service company, 173 division headquarters (with only two combat troops) and the 4 138 division 4 14 regiment and 65438 regiment rushed to the Soviet Union and Germany. What shall we do? Thirty-six plans, walking is the best policy. On June+10/0/day, 65438, Zhang Yichun appointed Li Tingxun, the division commander of 1 73, as the garrison commander of Li Huang, responsible for "commanding the division and the 4 14, 5 13 regiments of Dingjiabao and Nanzhuangfan to resist the enemy and cover the headquarters. At the same time, the Soviet Union 138 Division 4 13 came to help. However, the commander-in-chief still has to do what he looked like before he fled. In order to calm people's hearts, Zhang Yichun specially arranged to hold New Year's Day celebrations at Li Huang Airport on the morning of June 65438+ 10/. At the meeting, he also declared: "Dabie Mountain is not an iron wall, but it will never be easily invaded by the enemy ..." But who would have thought that at 9 o'clock that night, Commander Zhang, who still vowed in the morning, left the military and civilian city with the staff of 2 1 Group Army Command and fled in a hurry. (3) After that, all the armies called the headquarters, but they couldn't get through, so they were in a state of chaos.

On the afternoon of June 65438+1 October1Sunday, Xiao Xiangyang, head of the 5 13 regiment, led a battalion to Mao Ping. The headquarters of the group army urgently ordered them to deploy to Chaerling and Changchongling. Xiao Xiangyang immediately informed Company 8 to go to the front of Liushugou for warning that night; I led my own delegation and two companies to Charlin. After arriving at Cha 'erling, Xiao Xiangyang called the headquarters to ask about the enemy. Headquarters informed that Japanese troops would attack from Liuli Highway. But at 8 o'clock in the evening, the headquarters suddenly informed that the enemy had left Longmenshi from Zhangfan and was heading for Bahe. Xiao Xiangyang was surprised. The enemy attacked from Xiaba River. No matter Mao Ping or Mao Jian, the terrain is unfavorable to him. He is outnumbered and difficult to defend. So, he personally hung up to the headquarters for instructions. The headquarters has been evacuated, so we can't get in touch. After careful consideration, he made up his mind to stay in Liushugou to delay the Japanese army. The regimental headquarters and two companies led by him retreated to Huangmaojian, and the next day they moved to Huashi Dongdashan.

On the night of receiving the order from the head of the regiment, Company 8 drove to Liushugou overnight to evacuate the crowd and complete the protection. At 6 o'clock in the morning on the 2 nd, the enemy vanguard troops arrived at Liushugou. First, search the ditch in teams. When the Japanese search team entered the mizoguchi, the 8 th right-wing gunner crouching at the tip of ju lost his temper and fired a shot, hitting the middle of the enemy queue, killing 8 enemies, 2 horses and German shepherd 1 piece. The enemy quickly made a comeback, concentrated fire to suppress the right wing of the 8 th company, and let the big stocks pass through the range of our artillery and rush to the road leading to Cha 'erling. After the enemy passed, the left wing of the 8 th Company, which was lying in ambush at the corner of the highway, suddenly attacked from the rear. The Japanese army was caught off guard and suffered heavy losses and was forced to retreat. The accidental injury of Liushugou made the Japanese headquarters extremely nervous: at this time, the 56th Division had arrived at Songzi Pass, and the 189 Division had also approached Li Huang. If Li Huang cannot be occupied quickly, the Japanese army is in danger of being surrounded. As a result, the Japanese army changed its original plan. In addition to the troops who stormed Liushugou head-on, they divided their forces and directly attacked Chen Chong 2 1 Army Command from Yahekou via Shiluling, thus containing Chaerling.

By 2 pm, although the Japanese army launched many attacks, it still failed to break through the 8 th company position. It's a detour from Changchongling to Cha 'erling. By the time it was eight times in a row, the war situation was irreparable. It was suggested that the company commander Zhou Ming retreat in time. The company commander Zhou said calmly: "My machine gun is not dumb, and I have the right to stop the enemy from passing through here. If you leave alive, how can you be worthy of many brothers who died in battle? Keeping a moment is a moment, determined to live and die with the position! " Then he led the rest of the people to fight to the death with the enemy, and finally died heroically.

After the fall of Liushugou, two battalions of 173 Division 5 17 Regiment arrived at Cha 'erling. Due to the interruption of contact with the headquarters, the situation is unknown, and the enemy is blocked near the top of the mountain. All the first platoon were killed and forced to return to Nanzhuangfan. The Japanese didn't pursue, they rushed to the ancient monument along the highway. At 7 o'clock in the evening, I arrived in Gubeichong and burned down the street and Anhui College.

2 1 Before the retreat of the military command, Zhang Yichun was afraid of the Japanese army's pursuit and ordered the dry training regiment and the dry combat regiment to stop the Japanese army in Chen Chong. Cadre training group students have neither weapons nor military training, so there are only a few observation posts left. The combat group consists of 100 officers with rich combat experience. After receiving the order, they ambushed on both sides of the road from Shiluling to Chen Chong. 65438+ 10 at 0: 00 a.m. on the 2nd of October, the Japanese army boarded Shiluling, but when nothing happened, they relaxed their vigilance and boldly advanced to Chen Chong. The cadets of the combat cadre regiment suddenly jumped out from the roadside, swept with a pistol, caught the enemy off guard and rolled down the hillside. The battle group gasped, and the Japanese reorganized their forces, opened the way with machine guns and cannons, and then rushed to Shiluling. The combat group had only a few training rifles and was unable to fight back, but it still fought hard for more than four hours at the expense of more than 30 casualties. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the Japanese army passed Shiluling. After the Japanese army arrived in Chen Chong, a few guards left by the secret service battalion of 2 1 Military Command resisted and withdrew from the battle. Deng's 44th regiment, which was ordered to reinforce, was also blocked on the road. The Japanese army occupied 2 1 military command effortlessly and burned it immediately. Late at night, I joined the Japanese army rushing out of the ancient city of Li Huang. Then the whole Li Huang will be set on fire. The fire is bright, and it is like daytime for twenty or thirty miles around.

The enemy of the west road attacked by Wujiadian also reached Caofan, north of Jinzhai, on the night of the 2nd. The next morning, I also entered Li Huang City. For the next three days, the Japanese army killed a lot. Li Huang cried loudly in the city, and there were bodies everywhere, which was terrible. In addition, the Japanese army sent troops to attack everywhere, fighting with 173 division, 189 division and 5 13 regiment around Li Huang, and pursuing 2 1 military command. This situation is unprecedented. At this time, the 56th Division of the 39th Army, which arrived in Songzi Pass early, stopped and sat quietly. On the 4th, a Japanese army set out from Li Huang and swooped down on Huoshan Shengou Store. The 48th Military Department was stationed in Shengoupu, but at this time, the army's main force was in the direction of Taihu Lake, Buried Hill and Tongcheng. The 4th138 and 4th14 regiments of 65438 Division have gone to Huangwei, and most of the troops directly under them are in Yingshan, Shuiman River, and there are almost no combat troops in Shengoupu area. Sue had to retreat to Yuexi.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) The counterattack of the national army and the retreat of the Japanese army.

On the afternoon of the 3rd, Zhang Yichun led a group of people from the headquarters to wander around the mountains for a day and a night before arriving at Emei Mountain, where the headquarters of 173 Division is located. At 9 am on the 5th, more than 200 enemy troops attacked Mount Emei. At that time, "most of the headquarters and divisions of 173 were non-combatants, and only the special 4 company of the headquarters, the special 4 company of 173 division and the 8 company of 5 18 regiment could be controlled, and the total number of step pistols was only 100" (4), which was irresistible. At the suggestion of Mr. Li Tingxun, Zhang Yichun led his troops to Dushan Seventh Army Command on 10 that night. The next day, according to the instructions of the Fifth Theater, the 2 1 Army Command issued the order to recover Li Huang: "Except for the necessary minimum troops to monitor and stop the enemy at Changchongkou, the rest of the main forces will pass through Tang Jiahui and Zaobao Henan on the evening of the 6th, so as to counterattack Li Huang City before dawn on the 8th. 2. Commander Li commanded the 5 18 and 4 14 regiments to gather near Hudianzi and Banpeng on the evening of the 7th, and launched an attack on the enemies of Tazihe and Chuanpeng Street at dawn on the 8th. If the two regiments have not crossed the south of Shihe River, they will be under the command of Mo. 3. 172 Division not only kept the 2nd Battalion near Lu 'an and the Li Training Regiment (excluding the 1st Battalion) under its direct jurisdiction, but also commanded the 5th13 Battalion (excluding the 2nd Battalion) and the 5th17 Battalion to attack the enemy near Li Huang in the southeast before 9th. 4. 17 1 can wait independently. 5.48 Army attacked the enemy near Shengoupu with powerful forces. On the 6th, the main force of the 39th Army should pounce from Wujiadian before dawn on the 8th, except for a surveillance unit that refused to stop the enemy in eastern Hubei ... "However, Zhang Yichun didn't know that the day before he issued this order, the main force of the Japanese army had already withdrawn from Li Huang. 1

On May 5, the Japanese army retreated from Li Huang in three ways: the first one passed Shihe, Shanghe and Tiechong Shopping Mall; The second road passes Ye Jiaji to Gushi; The third road passes through Huoshan, meets the enemy of the flooded river and returns to Yingshan Xihe River. Subsequently, the two armies launched a battle to pursue and stop the Japanese retreat.

Taihu Lake and the East of Hubei Province

65438+ 10/day, in order to contain the main force of the 48th Army, a division of the Japanese army 116 invaded Tongcheng in the north. 176 division blocked it step by step. On the 2nd, a Japanese army entered Jinshendun and was ambushed by 176 Division, with heavy casualties. On the 3rd, the Japanese army stormed Tongcheng, and the176th Division engaged in a fierce battle with the enemy according to the established position, killing hundreds of people. The next day, 176 division voluntarily withdrew from Tongcheng. On the 6th, Japanese troops in Taihu Lake invaded Yuexi County, killing 2/kloc-0 villagers, wounding 15 villagers and raping 6 women in Liu Fan and other places, and were later repelled by Yuexi Self-Defense Forces. On the 8th, Su led the 48th Army General Command and most of its subordinate teams to Tangquanfan, Yuexi. The next day, the Japanese army began to retreat and the 48 th Army pursued it. 10, 138 division recovered Taihu Lake, 176 division recovered Tongcheng. On June 30th, 65438 Division recovered the buried hill. 12, Ke Susong, 13, 138 invaded Huangmei and confronted the enemy after fierce fighting.

4 Dabie Mountain Campaign

On the 5th, the Japanese army retreated from Shengoupu and Shuiman River. The team directly under the 48 th Army was unable to pursue because of the great losses in the previous operations. The next day, the138th Division 4 13 regiment was ordered by the army headquarters to arrive at the deep ditch shop from Li Huang, and pursued, but failed to catch up. The Japanese army fled back to Xishui through Yingshan Xihe River, Luotian Shiqiaopu and Kuanghe River. Due to the passive avoidance of the 39th Army, this Japanese army successfully reached Xishui in June of 5438+05.

Regain glory

On the 5th, after the main Japanese army retreated, only a few traitors and cover troops were left near Li Huang, and the downtown area of Li Huang became an empty city. On the 8th, 17 1 division, 189 division, 56th division and the combat corps will attack Li Huang without fighting. The officers and men of the national army stopped on the streets of Li Huang and saw the devastation: ruins everywhere, bones everywhere; What's more, the Japanese army changed the slogan of "celebrating New Year's Day" in the city to "celebrating the end". Faced with this situation, everyone present cried.

Sixth, the conclusion.

By 65438+1October 17, the main forces of the Japanese army had all withdrawn, and the pre-war situation was restored, and the Dabie Mountain campaign was over. February 10, 2 1 Li, commander-in-chief of the army, rushed back. Knowing that he was mainly responsible for the failure of this campaign, Zhang Yichun left for Chongqing the day before Li arrived. Soon, Zhang Yichun was transferred to the Military Commission as Lieutenant General Gao Shen, Liu Heding, commander of the 39th Army, was promoted to the position of deputy commander of the 2/KLOC-0 Army, and Liu Shangzhi, deputy commander, was promoted. At the same time, Qiu Qingying, the garrison commander of Li Huang, and Yang Sidao, the county magistrate of Li Huang, were both dismissed. In mid-February, Li presided over a meeting to summarize the experience and lessons of the Dabie Mountain Campaign. After the meeting, all armies stepped up training and consolidation to improve their combat effectiveness in accordance with the requirements of the theater and the group army. Since then, the Japanese army has no large-scale action to sweep the Dabie Mountains.

Seven. postscript

The experience and lessons of the Dabie Mountain Campaign can be easily summed up through the above description, and I don't want to talk about it any more. Here, I want to talk about my views on some relevant people. In the article, we saw how brave patriotic officers and men of the national army were in the battle. But after liberation, Zhang Yichun and his aides wrote many articles about this campaign, accusing others of greed, meaning that "the whole world was drunk and I woke up alone", and pushed the responsibility down. I am surprised that there is still a big market for such a "memoir" full of loopholes. It seems that they really cater to the tastes of some people in China. In the next article, I will try my best to find out the truth of the matter, commemorate the martyrs who died for our country, and lash out at those "flatterers" who are not doing their jobs and are very good at fishing for fame.