Seek the names of ancient executioners and all kinds of information of criminal law as completely as possible.

China was quite complete in ancient times. Let me find some foreign ones

First, animal execution

This was a cruel punishment in the era of Roman tyrant Nero Claudius Caesar. These women are all for the lions, leopards and other wild animals in the Colosseum as food.

Second, laryngectomy

Throat cutting has always been a unique punishment in ancient Rome, so it is called "Roman punishment". Its essence is to cut the throat. Different from beheading, in this kind of punishment, the head and trunk are not separated, but the implementation principles of the two punishments are the same, because the prisoner mainly died of suffocation and excessive blood loss, and the direct cause was that the carotid artery and aorta were cut off. Throat cutting is done with a dagger. But in Roman punishment, "laryngectomy" has never been listed as the main means of death penalty.

Third, the punishment of laparotomy.

The punishment is to pierce the prisoner's stomach with a sharp knife and open his mouth, resulting in internal organs damage and death. Greece and Rome only stopped killing the dead, while in ancient Persia, six to eight meters long intestines were pulled out and wrapped around the winch after being cut open, while Japan's punishment of cutting open the abdomen was carried out by itself to prove its loyalty and save lost honor. At the same time of caesarean section, a crown with heroic characteristics was put on the head of the deceased. Therefore, not all ordinary people are eligible for caesarean section. They are usually beheaded. In Japan, decapitation not only means depriving life, but also insulting the intention of transporting the soul.

Fourth, throwing punishment.

The key to this punishment is to let the prisoner fall from a height. Of course, it can't be done where there is no height, such as in the desert. ...

Verb (abbreviation for verb) hunger punishment

If the prisoner is simply starved to death, the creativity and intelligence of the torturers will not be reflected. In medieval Europe, the "hunger mask" was the most commonly used. When the mask is buckled on a person's face, an iron tongue is stuffed into the prisoner's mouth, forcing him to breathe. In this way, even if there is food everywhere, prisoners cannot eat until they starve to death. Caption: Many prisoners starved to death.

Sixth, crucify.

This kind of punishment existed in ancient Egypt and was widely used in Mediterranean coastal and Middle Eastern countries. Generally speaking, it is used to punish people with lower social status, such as slaves and beggars. Crucification is sometimes used to humiliate criminals who have committed heinous crimes.

Seven, buried alive

Buried alive is generally used in the holocaust. During the Warring States Period in China, Tian Lei, the general of the State of Qin, buried 400,000 soldiers of the State of Zhao alive, but Qin Shihuang's practice of burying Confucianism was nothing more than a drop in the bucket. Caption: Waterboarding in Japan-at first people could hardly stick their heads out of the water, but later, ...

Eight, wooden stake punishment

For this kind of punishment, the encyclopedia of19th century defined it as "one of the creations that brought human cruelty to the extreme". The execution method is to insert a stake into the prisoner's body, the most common is to insert it into the anus and let him die. 1958, the uncle of the king of Iraq was charged for homosexuality.

Nine, skinned alive

Peeling is peeling, which can be partial peeling or complete peeling. In ancient India, peeling alive was also called "removing fine hair with a small fire", that is, burning the skin with a torch and roasting the body until it is medium-cooked. At this time, the skin of live meat completely attached to the body is separated. Then "ignore the prisoner's cry and completely skin him ... his muscles are completely exposed and his blood vessels are clearly exposed. You can see his internal organs beating, the lights shining on his chest and his muscle fibers glowing."

X.segmentation

The punishment is simply cutting off limbs. But after a period of development,

The torturers think that "simplicity" is too cheap for prisoners, so there are many kinds of tricks.

Persian ingenuity is to cut off fingers first, then toes, then hands, arms, ankles, legs, ears and nose. ...

China people's way of playing is to stop bleeding with gold sore medicine after limb amputation, wrap the wound with cloth, put it in a big urn and put it in the toilet. The prisoner will suffer for a long time before he dies. After the Han dynasty, the punishment of dismemberment was replaced by the punishment of year. Perhaps in the executioner's view, in the punishment is more painful and subtle. ...

Today, there are still some countries that stipulate that amputation can be used for thieves. Pakistan's code stipulates: "the first thief will have his right hand cut off from his wrist;" The second violator will be cut off from his left foot. " However, there are few cases in which such punishment deprives prisoners of their lives.

Ethnic minorities in Asia and the Middle East especially like this kind of punishment. The key to this punishment is to scatter the human body until death.

XI. Punishment for mutilation

This is a typical western death penalty, which is closely related to westerners' love of playing with machinery. The prisoner's naked body was nailed to a big wheel. By shaking the handle, the wheel can rotate around the axis. Every time the roulette wheel turns, the iron thorn fixed on the ground will cut off a piece of meat, and after more than ten turns, the prisoner will basically be torn to pieces. Description: Anatomical punishment-a piece-by-piece incision from vocal cords to breasts, similar to China's in the year.

Twelve, run over punishment

Crushing punishment can be roughly divided into three categories: one is to crush to death with a fixed weight; Second, put the prisoner in the middle, exert force on both sides at the same time and gradually increase the weight; The third is to crush or tear things with advantages. In Rome and Egypt, prisoners are often put on spikes and then run over with boulders, so prisoners have no chance of survival. The picture shows the clubbing.

Thirteen, press the barbell

The Germans used a heavy wooden platter and dragged it back with horses until the prisoner turned into a bloody sauce. In Persia, prisoners were stuffed into juicers used to squeeze grapes and olives, and the prisoners treated like this had no shape.

Fourteen Burn at the stake

Burning people with fire is the most primitive and barbaric practice, which was said by both east and west in ancient times.

Fifteen, roast punishment and roast punishment

These two kinds of punishment are commonly used execution methods, and the difference from the fire punishment is that prisoners must be treated with "small fire". The purpose of keeping the fire within a certain range is to let the prisoner die when he is awake.

Sixteen. See the punishment

This is a special resolver, a saw. It is said that orientals like horizontal sawing, while westerners like straight sawing. After Christianity was introduced to Japan, the Japanese were also keen on seesaw. They used to saw from the top of their heads, while western torturers saw from the groin between their legs. The consequences are the most terrible, because prisoners are awake before cutting their navel. In order to prolong the painful process, prisoners are often allowed to keep their heads down so that their brains can get enough oxygen and they can avoid dying from excessive blood loss. The last masterpiece in Saw's history was written by a manic Gestapo. They have all kinds of hacksaws. In their hands, people become a tree, can do whatever they want, and can cut any part they want. Caption: saw the punishment,/kloc-a common torture in Germany in the 6th century, was absolutely awake before reaching the critical point.

Seventeen, arrow punishment and penetration punishment

What was everyone's first feeling when they saw her? Say what she does, and you'll probably gasp. This is the famous "Iron Virgin" in Nuremberg. She is a container that can be opened and closed, and it is covered with sharp nails. As long as you put people in, with her closing, it will be the scenery of hell.

* Iron Virgin

Deadly hug: iron lady

Looking back at the history of instruments of torture, among many records about instruments of torture, the most instruments of torture are made with the shape of human body as the model. This kind of electrical appliance often has two doors, left and right, with sharp nails on the doors. Once the door is closed, the people inside will feel the pain of the nail piercing the body. The most famous of these instruments of torture, I have to mention Germany's "Nuremberg Iron Virgin".

Surprisingly, this weird punishment tool has a long history. The earliest record is Nabis, a tyrant who ruled Sparta from 205 BC to 1994. He often said, "If I can't convince you, maybe my beautiful Apega can." Then, the unlucky guy will be led to a statue in the shape of a tyrant's beautiful wife. The statue has a sharp blade on its arm, and the victim will be killed in this deadly hug.

Then, the Spanish developed similar tools to torture pagans who were unwilling to convert to Catholicism. This statue is usually carved by monks, covered with tulle, holding a flag symbolizing faith, and its appearance represents the Virgin Mary. Because most of torture room is in the cellar, the tortured heretics have to walk through a long dark and humid corridor to see this horrible instrument of torture. The executioner will recite a sentence loudly, which means that even if you are a heretic, the virgin is still willing to hug you. Then, the arm with spikes will also be folded, allowing the victim's upper body to be pierced. In this case, the executioner will continue to interrogate the prisoner and make him confess, otherwise he will continue to break the statue's arm.

At first, this instrument of torture was only used to punish apostasy or insult saints, and later it was also used to punish treason and conspiracy. One of the most famous is the Iron Virgin in Nuremberg, Germany! Up to now, most of the iron lady's shapes have been created by imitating this prototype. The only pity is that it was destroyed in 1944 when the allied forces bombed Germany in World War II, so it has not been preserved at present. German technology has proved to be the most exquisite, and the whole instrument of torture is the crystallization of technology at that time!

Because there are not many records about the use of this kind of torture device in history books, it is difficult to judge whether the existence of this kind of torture device is a legend or a fact. Because the historical documents about torture are based on the research of19th century, and the research at that time was deeply influenced by romanticism and folk rumors. However, there are few records about the use of the "Iron Virgin". It is only a few decades since the equipment was first used in August, 2005 15 15. On the same day, the judge put the prisoner in the "iron virgin", and the door was only slightly closed: "The sharp front end of the nail slowly penetrated the man's body, first the wrist, then the feet and other parts, then the lower abdomen, chest, bladder and local muscles, and then the eyes, shoulders and buttocks. Although it looks painful, it will not kill the prisoner immediately. During the period, the man kept making miserable cries. Obviously, he was in great pain, so he cried for two days before he died. " According to the records in this article, I am afraid that nails were installed in all parts of the "iron virgin" at that time, and nails were tortured by changing different parts of the nails, and the nails could still move, especially in places that caused severe pain and near fatal places. The executor deliberately pulled out the nails in these places a little, which could prolong the prisoner's pain.

/kloc-after the 0/8th century, Nuremberg gradually abolished the habit of torture during interrogation. In the travel guide published by 1784, it is clearly recorded that "The Iron Virgin, an abominable and fearful instrument of torture, became an antique in Frederic Barbarossa's time". Although the book has got the time wrong for nearly 400 years (Friedrich Barbarossa's time is even older than the Middle Ages), we can also know that the "Iron Virgin" at that time has become a museum collection.

The appearance of the Lady of Iron Blood is like a personal coffin. Movable nails are installed in various places inside, and torture is carried out by changing different parts of the nails. In particular, nails that can cause severe pain and are close to fatal parts are movable. The executioner deliberately pulled out the nails in these places a little, which can prolong the prisoner's pain. This kind of punishment has four basic characteristics, which fully shows its inhuman characteristics.

First, if a nail is driven through a small hole, the victim's body will be opened. In order to increase the pain of prisoners, they also deliberately avoided the fatal point of prisoners. Because the instrument of torture is vertical, the prisoner is completely hung in the bucket coffin by nails.

Second, the space in the coffin is extremely narrow, which will bring physical and mental pain to the prisoners.

Third, although this instrument of torture has opposite doors on all sides, even if all the doors are opened, the victim can't escape.

Fourth, the wall of the torture device is so thick that the groans and screams of the prisoners can't be heard outside unless the door is opened. And if you open the door halfway and then close it, the iron needle will pierce the same wound on the victim, so don't expect to relieve the pain before you die.

If this is the case, Germany does not deserve to be called the most advanced country in the world. After some tossing just now, it's obvious that the bloody virgin is in a mess, and it's disgusting to get rid of the body again. But the Germans placed a whole vertical tunnel under the Iron Virgin, and the executioner only needed to start the mechanism and open the secret door, and the body would fall straight down. At the end of the tunnel is a series of rotating blades, plus the impact of dead bodies and sharp blades falling from a height, the body of this unlucky guy will be cut into pieces, just falling into the Penie River in Nuremberg and finally flowing into the Rhine River. Finally, the executioner only needs to flush the blood into the tunnel and keep it dry and clean.

Eighteen, poison.

From a very early age, taking poison to death is one of the execution methods.

According to records, the early poisoning in this case was the execution of the philosopher Socrates. Sue was poisoned because she offended the dignitaries in Athens. As soon as the poison arrived, he asked the executioner, "All right, my warrior, tell me what to do?" The latter told him not to walk around the room after drinking poison, because exercise would slow down the onset of poison and prolong the time of death. Talk as little as possible, or you'll have to drink twice as much. It is said that it was collected by the Su family. At that time, hemlock, which was commonly extracted from hemlock in Greece and Europe, was mostly used as poison. (celery leaf hook)

In ancient China, poison was extracted from animals, insects, minerals and plants. It seems that compared with the west, there are many ways to poison people.

In order to be effective and humanized, modern society began to use the methods of ancestors again. Gas chambers and euthanasia injections seem to be a continuation.

Nineteen. Hanging hanging

It is different from hanging. The method is to cut the prisoner's hands behind his back, then tie his wrist with a rope and carry it to the top of the execution rack. Then, he suddenly let go of the rope and let it fall, stopping only a few tens of centimeters from the ground. The prisoner's arm will dislocate under the impact of stopping landing.

Hanging by weight is even more cruel. It is recorded that if more than 60 kilograms of heavy objects are tied to the victim's leg for punishment, even his leg will be dislocated. If it exceeds 100 kg, the bones of the whole body will break under the impact, even if the belly is open, it is not uncommon for the internal organs to overflow.

/kloc-In the middle of the 9th century, the Qing government in China once hanged Catholic missionaries, which was a widely used form of legal punishment.

Twenty, flogging and stick punishment

Whipping exists in all periods of history. Singapore is the first country with a high degree of modern social civilization and severe whipping.

Twenty-one, wheel punishment

This is the punishment for tying a person to a wheel and killing him.

XXII. Implementation

It is China's "dismemberment". The special feature of this kind of punishment is that the prisoner's limbs are subjected to "force" at the same time ...

Twenty-three, strangulation

Strangulation is strangulation, as suffocating as hanging. But it doesn't mainly depend on the prisoner's own weight, but it dies by some external force acting on the neck. Strangulation is used by many ethnic groups in Asia and Europe, but there are regulations in some parts of Europe that virgins are not allowed to be strangled, so executioners must make virgins lose their virginity before putting ropes or other instruments of torture around prisoners' necks.

Twenty-four strangle

Strangulation is not hanging. It is very similar to the strangulation principle, which can be said to be the mechanization of artificial death penalty.

The initial strangulation was to let the prisoner sit on a platform with his hands tied in front of his abdomen and his back leaning against a vertical wooden stake. The executioner put a hemp rope in the hole of the stake, braided it into a ring to cover the prisoner's neck, then tied both ends of the hemp rope to the other end of the stake and inserted a stick from it. When the stick turns, the ring tightens to strangle the prisoner. This method does not hurt the carotid artery at all, but makes people suffocate slowly.

Later, the strangulation machine made of metal appeared, and the iron ring was used instead of the noose. The rotatable screw made the iron ring shrink more easily.