A famous man is called Fan, the first figure in the Song Dynasty.

When Fan Zhongyan is mentioned, the image of a scholar comes to people's minds, and all they are familiar with are his feelings of worrying about the country and the people, as well as his broad-minded mind of "not being happy with things, not being sad for oneself". In fact, Fan Zhongyan is a civil and military generalist. Moreover, he is honest and aboveboard. He preached and taught tirelessly all his life, was concerned about the national economy and people's livelihood, and was outspoken. He inspired countless people with his extraordinary personality charm and interest.

(Portrait of Fan Zhongyan)

I. Introduction to Fan Zhongyan's Literary Achievements Fan Zhongyan was not only a famous politician, reformer and strategist in the Song Dynasty, but also made very high literary and artistic achievements, including Fan Wenzheng's official documents. Great achievements have been made in poetry, ci, prose and fu. Fan Zhongyan wrote a lot of poems in his life, including 302 poems in The Whole Song Poetry alone. His poems are lofty, fresh, clear, calm and simple, ranking first in the Song Dynasty. Fan Zhongyan handed down 35 pieces of parallel prose, which initiated the theoretical study of parallel prose. Zu Yu's Fu Lin Hengjian summarized the creation of parallel prose theoretically and put forward the theory of "style". Fan Zhongyan's ci is unique, and famous works such as Su Mu and Yu Fu Ao are sung forever. Fan Zhongyan's greatest achievement is the creation of ancient prose. Fan Zhongyan's ancient prose is often lyrical, concise and elegant, and can be put away freely. Among them, the story of Yueyang Tower is a masterpiece through the ages.

However, his achievements are not limited to literature. He has made great achievements and contributions in military martial arts and political reform. His life is a model of counterattack, and his life is simply magnanimous.

Second, the evaluation of Fan Zhongyan in the past dynasties Fan Zhongyan has made great achievements in politics, military affairs and literature and is highly respected by people. All previous dynasties spoke highly of him.

Wang Anshi said: "I am a teacher, and my reputation is flawless from beginning to end";

Wang Shi Peng said: "The upright man is the dragon among people. Positive color makes the court stand, and evil is not allowed. Materials are both civil and military, and they will always be benevolent. "

Huang Tingjian commented on him and said: "Gong was the first civil and military person at that time";

Zhu Xi commented on him and said, "Is Zheng Wen an outstanding talent?" Between heaven and earth, first-rate figures ";

Lv Zhong said: "The first Confucianism talked about the characters in the Song Dynasty, headed by Fan Zhongyan";

Luo Dajing said: "People in the state dynasty should put Fan Wenzheng first, not as rich as Korea";

Yuan Hao asked, "Zheng Wen is Gong Fan, a famous general in cloth, a competent official in counties and counties, and a famous person in the border areas. He only measured his loyalty and prepared some equipment. In the imperial court, Confucius' so-called ministers have been seeking for thousands of years, not just a generation of ministers ";

Wang Shizhen said: "Ask, say: the distance, the husband of Wang, the weight of Han, the profile of the public, the honesty of Sima Wen, its reputation";

Mao Zedong commented on him and said, "Some intellectuals in the history of China are both civil and military. Not only can they write thousands of words, but they are also good at fighting. Fan Zhongyan is such a typical example. "

Third, the poor and turbulent childhood Fan Zhongyan was originally named Zhu said. It turned out that his surname was Fan and he came from an official family. However, due to the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms War, his family had declined by his father's generation. Not long after Fan Zhongyan was born, his father died. I lost my father when I was a child, and I was helpless. Mother Qingxie was a concubine and was kicked out of the house. In order to make a living, in desperation, she had to take her two-year-old child to remarry Zhu, a native of Changshan, Zouping, Shandong Province, and called her surname Zhu with Fan Zhongyan's stepfather.

Stepfather Zhu is a small official. Both mother and son live in poverty, but they are also stable. Zhu said that he showed his talent and self-discipline from an early age. Other brothers and sisters play around all day, but he loves reading, takes books as his friends and works hard.

On the recommendation of his stepfather's friend, Zhu said that he was sent to Liquan Temple to study. The abbot of the temple told Zhu that he was very affectionate and often helped him in his life. This made some young monks jealous and often made fun of him. In order to avoid the noise, Zhu said that he found a secluded cave in the south of the temple to study, cooked porridge with millet sent from home, let it cool and passed through the middle, eating one piece at a time, cutting a little wild vegetables and sprinkling salt. This is the origin of the allusion "breaking the horseshoe with porridge".

(Legend has it that Fan Zhongyan was studying in a cave)

Fourth, less ambition, counterattack to change fate. Not surprisingly, Zhu said that he would be as ordinary as most hái children in ordinary families. But Zhu said that when he was in his twenties, he happened to know his life story. It turns out that he is not a Zhujiajian, but tā is a fan!

Through his mother's complaint, Zhu said that he learned that his fan family had fallen. After learning the truth, Zhu said that in addition to his gratitude to the Zhujiajian family, he still had great ambitions, and he wanted to restore the glory of the Fan family. From cǐ, he studied hard and was admitted to Yingtian Academy.

(Yingtian Academy)

Most of the students studying in Yingtian Academy are children of dignitaries. Zhu said that he didn't keep up with them, but buried himself in his studies and studied hard day and night. For five years, he never undressed and slept comfortably. If you are sleepy, wash your face with cold water.

One of his classmates saw that Zhu said he was poor in rice porridge and pickles all day, so he sent him some rich meals. A few days later, when his classmates came to Zhu's door again, they found that the food had not moved yet, so they angrily talked to Zhu about the theory. Zhu said, "I appreciate your kindness, but I can't accept it, because I'm used to living in poverty and have tasted these delicious meals, so I'm afraid I can't eat the original ones."

While studying, Song Zhenzong once came to Yingtianfu, and all the students from Yingtianfu ran out to see the true face of the emperor. Only Zhu Shushu did not move, and continued to study. Someone asked him: "The emperor is here, don't you even want to see his true face?" Zhu said, "The emperor will meet him sooner or later." This is not bragging, but from full confidence. Sure enough, this sentence was soon realized.

Three years later, he was admitted to Jinshi and was appointed as the coach of Guangde Army to join the army. From then on, he entered the official career, changed his destiny with amazing perseverance, and successfully counterattacked. He took his mother to support him, restored Fan's surname, and got a famous name: Fan Zhongyan!

5. Be honest for officials and benefit people's livelihood. When Ren Guang joined the army, he enforced the law impartially, was honest and upright, and corrected many unjust, false and wrong cases, which was deeply loved by the people.

During the Jubilee of Song Dynasty and Tian Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan was transferred to Taizhou Salt Warehouse Supervisor just after he was 30 years old. At that time, Taizhou was located in the coastal area, the seawalls were in disrepair all the year round, and the tides often poured in, which gradually caused the fertile land to fail, the famine was serious, and the people were miserable and fled everywhere. Fan Zhongyan wrote a letter to Taizhou, full of "the heart of benefiting the country and the people", suggesting that seawalls should be built as soon as possible to save the people. Fan Zhongyan was accused of exceeding his authority. Fan Zhongyan bluntly said: "I am a salt supervisor, and the people have fled. Why should I collect salt? " My duty is to build a weir to stop the tide! "Some people object because it is difficult to drain after the weir is built. Zhang Lun adopted Fan Zhongyan's suggestion, submitted it to the court for approval, and ordered Fan Zhongyan to be responsible for building the defensive weir. At that time, Fan Zhongyan recruited more than 40,000 people, and it took more than three years to build the seawall. After the completion of the dam, the results were remarkable. " Floods shall not harm the salt industry, and tides shall not harm crops. "People who escaped from the desert returned to their hometowns one after another, and the people were able to live and work in peace and contentment. People call this seawall weir "Gongfandi".

6. Coach Xu, correct the shortcomings and speak out loud. During the construction of the defensive seawall, Fan Zhongyan's mother died of illness. He went home to pay his respects and lived in Yingtianfu, Nanjing. When Yan Shu was in Nanking, he knew Yingtianfu, and when he heard that Fan Zhongyan was talented, he invited him to work in Fu Xue and was in charge of Yingtianfu Academy. Fan Zhongyan worked diligently as an inspector, corrected the style of study, advocated moral conduct, set an example, and created the theory of current affairs and politics, which made the style of study in the academy look brand-new.

Because of his outstanding achievements, Fan Zhongyan was transferred back to Beijing and sentenced to imperial academy, and soon he was promoted to Yuan Wailang and the official department of Kaifeng House in Quan Zhi. Fan Zhongyan vigorously rectified the bureaucracy of the capital and eliminated the drawbacks, saying that "the imperial court has no worries about Fan Jun and the capital has no worries about Greece." Fan Zhongyan was demoted many times because of his direct remonstrance. May Yao Chen advised him to talk less and mind his own business. Fan Zhongyan wrote Lingwu Fu, saying that he "died in Ningming and was born in silence", which showed his unyielding integrity.

Seven, defend the northwest, resist foreign enemies, megatron Xixia If Fan Zhongyan, who is not talented, is just a studious scholar, it is wrong. His military talent is also surprisingly outstanding.

In A.D. 1038, Li Yuanhao, the leader of the Tangut, proclaimed himself emperor and established Xixia. Change the attitude of bowing to the Song Dynasty in the past and lead the army to invade the border of the Northern Song Dynasty. The news of the war shocked the ruling and opposition parties. Border affairs were tight, and Song Renzong, with Fan Zhongyan's popularity, recalled the capital and served as commander-in-chief of Tianzhangge, knowing about Yongxing Army.

In A.D. 1040, Li Yuanhao sent troops to attack the Northern Song Dynasty again. Fan Zhongyan volunteered to come to Yanzhou (now Yan 'an) to guard the frontier. Fan Zhongyan changed the old military system, reorganized the army, boldly used local talents, appointed Qiang people to strengthen military training and took turns to defend the enemy. At the same time, Qingjian city and _ city will be built into military bases to enhance their defense forces. He assessed the situation, did not blindly follow the emperor's orders and took the initiative to attack, but took defense as the attack, building cities and repairing fields in dangerous places. Fan Zhongyan used his own strategy to repel the Xixia people again and again, and he was also famous in western Xinjiang. Many tribes around him voluntarily subdued the Great Song Dynasty. Li Yuanhao also surrendered to the Northern Song Dynasty and signed the Qinghe Agreement, so the war in the Northwest Frontier came to an end.

(Stone carving about Fan Zhongyan under Baota shan in Yan 'an today)

Eight, celebrate the New Deal, in an attempt to innovate Li Qing for three years (1043), Song Renzong recalled Fan Zhongyan, and made him an envoy. At that time, the Northern Song Dynasty was plagued by internal troubles and foreign invasion, and the bureaucracy was too large and the administrative efficiency was low. The internal factional struggle is becoming more and more serious, and the Tangut people are eyeing it from the outside. At that time, Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi and Han Qi were in power at the same time, while Ouyang Xiu, Cai Xiang, Wang Su and Yu Jin were all admonishers. Fan Zhongyan put forward such items as "public appeal, suppression of luck, careful tribute, election of officials, public land, cultivation of agriculture and mulberry, maintenance of military equipment, reduction of corvee, and respect for orders" 10 in order to rectify official management. Ouyang Xiu and others have also talked about things. Renzong adopted most of the opinions and began to implement the New Deal, which was called "Qingli New Deal" in history.

The reform of Qingli New Deal is mainly carried out in three aspects: in the selection and appointment of officials, it is necessary to streamline redundant officials, clarify the promotion system of officials, strictly assess the promotion of officials, and carefully choose local governors; In military economy, attach importance to agricultural economy, reduce taxes and corvee, and rectify armaments; In terms of the rule of law, the country is strictly governed by law.

(Fan Gongbei)

Li Qing four years (1044), the imperial examination law has changed. In addition, imperial edicts were issued to reduce corvee, abolish and merge counties, and reduce corvee.

Because the New Deal violated the interests of aristocratic bureaucrats, it was blocked by them. At the beginning of the following year (1045), Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Fu Bi, Ouyang Xiu and others were expelled from the court one after another, and various reforms were abolished, and the New Deal reform ended in failure. After the failure of the New Deal, Fan Zhongyan was hit by others and exiled to Dengzhou, Henan Province, and his good friend Teng was also exiled to Yuezhou.

(Yueyang Tower)

In 1052, Fan Zhongyan died in Xuzhou. After Fan Zhongyan's death, he discovered that as an important official of the imperial court, his legacy was not enough for the trip back to his hometown. He was really clean. Fan Zhongyan's life, just like the "Zheng Wen" in his posthumous title, was both civil and military, upright and upright, and his moral integrity set an example for the literati. Known as "the first figure in the Song Dynasty", it really deserves it.

Besides Fan Zhongyan, who are the historical celebrities named Fan?

1, Fan Li: China's early business theorist and one of the pioneers of Chu studies. He was honored as "the holy one" by later generations and one of the five saints in Nanyang. Although he was born in poverty, he was well-read and knowledgeable, and had a deep understanding and intersection of Chu Wanling's style of writing. Dissatisfied with the political darkness of Chu at that time, non-nobles were not allowed to enter the official, and they went to Yue to assist Gou Jian.

Legend has it that he helped Gou Jian prosper the State of Yue and destroy the State of Wu. After his success, he retired under the pen name Yan Yizi Pi, roaming between the seventy-two peaks. During this period, he became rich in business three times and his family fortune was exhausted three times. Later, he settled in Tao Qiu in Song Dynasty (now south of Dingtao District, Heze City, Shandong Province) and was named "Tao Zhugong".

2. Fan Sui: Zi Shu, a native of Wei Ruicheng (now Ruicheng, Shaanxi Province), was a famous politician, strategist and prime minister of Qin State. Because his fief was in Yingcheng, he was also called "Ying Hou". Fan Ju, originally a doctor of Wei, was almost flogged to death by the Prime Minister of Wei on suspicion of betraying Wei. Later, with the help of Zheng Anping, he changed his name to Zhang Lu and sneaked into the State of Qin with Ji Wang, the envoy of the State of Qin.

3. Fan Zeng: In 206 BC (the first year of Han Dynasty), Fan Zeng invaded Guanzhong with Xiang Yu and urged Xiang Yu to destroy Liu Bang's forces, but it was not adopted. Later, at the hongmen banquet, he repeatedly indicated that xiang yu killed liu bang, and made xiangzhuang dance his sword with the intention of assassinating concubines, but in vain. In the third year of Han Dynasty, Liu Bang was trapped in Xingyang (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan). He used Chen Pingji to alienate Chu Junchen and was suspected by Xiang Yu. Fan Zeng resigned and returned to Li, and died on the way.

4. Fan Pang: Bo Meng, a native of Runan Zheng Qiang (now Zhuanqiao Village, Qingnian Town, Zhaoling District, Luohe City, Henan Province), was a famous party member in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was also called stereotyped writing with Guo, Zong Ci, Basu, Xia Fu, Cai Yan and Yang Yi. Together with Liu Biao, Sean, Kong Yu, Fan Kang, Tan Fu, and Cen, they are called "Eight Masters of Jiangxia".

Fan Pang was recommended as the four ambassadors of Jizhou, Xiao Lian and Guang Lu. After missing the filming, he was transferred to Guang Lu as a master of imitation. Later, he was called by Qiu. The satrap Zongzi had already heard about Fan Pang's reputation, so he hired him as a gongcao in the county government and handed over all the affairs of state affairs to him. In the ninth year of Yan Xi (166), the prison warden framed and accused the "party member" party. Fan Pang was found guilty, put in Huangmen North Temple Prison, and released to his hometown after the trial.

5. Fan Zhongyan: word, Han nationality. Suzhou Wuxian people. An outstanding thinker, politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was young, and his mother remarried Changshan Zhu, so he changed his name to Zhu Yue. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 15), Fan Zhongyan studied hard, awarded Guangdejun's manager to join the army, welcomed his mother back to raise him, and changed his name.

Later, he served as Xinghua county magistrate, manager of Secret Pavilion School, chief judge of Zhou Chen, and well-known in Suzhou. And has been repeatedly criticized for his rude remarks. In the first year of Kangding (1040), together with Han Qi * * *, he served as Shaanxi's deputy envoy, appeased the recruitment, and adopted the policy of "long-term wasteland reclamation" to consolidate the northwest frontier defense.

Who are the celebrities named Fan?

It can be Fan Zhongyan: Zi Xi. Originally from _ Zhou, he moved to Wuxian, Suzhou. An outstanding politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Initiate the "Qingli New Deal" and carry out reforms. Emperor _ 4 (1052) died on the way to recovery from illness at the age of 64. Song Renzong personally wrote a book with the inscription "Ode to a Monument to a Saint". Later, he was given a surname, a minister of Chinese calligraphy and a minister of Chinese calligraphy, as well as Wei Guogong. Posthumous title, posthumous title for the public.