Is there a God?

In the accusations of theologians and philosophers against "reductionism" and "scientism", human beings know that

Know explorers and pioneers-scientists pack their bags and go to the base camp of metaphysics-religion and ethics

Richard has already set out. Neurotheology and neuroethics.

Joined the scientific isomorphism. Neurotheology, also known as bio-theology, is the subjective experience of studying religious mystery.

The discipline of the neural and evolutionary basis of phenomena. In layman's terms, it means going straight to God, such as Tathagata, Allah,

The nests of Vishnu, Zeus, Jupiter and Grand Priest.

The term "neurotheology" was not written by scientists, but by the British novelist Audes.

Huxley (1894- 1963) wrote a novel about utopia in his 1962.

It was first put forward in Island. Huxley published a book on how to use it in 1954.

Psychedelic drug Mescalin's book "The Gate of Perception" expanded consciousness. He later became

One of the spiritual leaders of hippies in California, the oriental mystery represented by Hinduism.

The theory became interested. 196 1 year, he suffered a great blow-his house and manuscript were flooded.

The wood was completely burned in the fire. 1963165438+1On October 22nd, Huxley died in Los Angeles.

Later, scientists borrowed "neurotheology" to name a new discipline, although the word was not used in other fields.

It is occasionally used in the field of science.

Scientists divide religious and mysterious experience phenomena and measurable indicators into the following categories: 1, time.

Loss of feeling, fear and self-awareness; 2. Spiritual awe of mysterious power; 3. live in harmony with the universe

The feeling of being one; 4, ecstasy obsession (such as Fan Jinzhong); 5. Epiphany (Zen); 6. Very good

State of consciousness (e.g. brain in fever and nonsense, brain in severe sleep deprivation); 7, the top of the brain and pineal gland

The increase of molecular content of dimethyltryptamine. (Dimethyltryptamine is a psychedelic agent, and the human body will take it in a small amount.

Cheng; Some plants in South America contain this molecule, and their leaves are lit and smoked by local indigenous shamans in religious ceremonies.

Into hallucinations. )

In 1950s, scientists began to use EEG to measure brain waves when people entered "state". At the age of eighty

In 1980s, Michael Persinger, a Canadian scholar, tried to stimulate the middle temporal lobe of the human brain with a weak magnetic field.

(temple), which caused 80% of the subjects' religious experience, leaving them alone.

I feel another mysterious figure in my room. The equipment he used was nicknamed "Helmet God".

Patients with epilepsy in the middle temporal lobe will have religious hallucinations. A male atheist once felt dead.

Go; Another female Christian patient hallucinated that she had given birth to Jesus. In the first clear middle temporal lobe

In the comparative experiment of regional epilepsy and religious sensation, whether it is the control group (normal people) or the epilepsy group,

Look at three kinds of words: neutral words (such as table), provocative words (such as sex) and religious words (such as God).

)。 The control group has the strongest response to sexy words; Epilepsy group has the strongest reaction to religious words, but the opposite reaction to sexy words.

Should be ranked third. Psychopaths and devout religious believers are sometimes separated by a window paper.

In order to further understand the relationship between neural activity and religious experience, scientists used neuroimaging technology.

Observe the difference between the activities of different parts of the brain and the normal state during religious experience. In one experiment, science

Scientists injected radioactive tracer into the blood of a Buddhist, and then after the Buddhists settled down completely, they became interested in the university.

Imaging of blood flow distribution in the brain. The results showed that in addition to the expected abnormal activity of the middle temporal lobe, the main

The activity of the parietal cortex, which controls time and space, almost stops. Without the sense of time and space, people lose themselves.

Feeling. Some religious ceremonies are designed to make believers lose the sense of time and space, lose themselves, feel and a.

The vast and mysterious objects are integrated into one, thus gaining a strong religious experience.

In July 2006, scientists from Johns Hopkins Medical Research Institute published an experimental result, which showed that

The effective component of hallucinogenic mushrooms, gymnospermin, can cause religious experience and bring satisfaction to the subjects.

It can last for two months. Gymnosporin is a kind of plant alkali, the scientific name is dimethyl -4- hydroxytryptamine phosphate, which can

Extracted from Mexican mushrooms, it acts on the receptor of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain.

The test results are highly repeatable. This result is not surprising to many scientists because they know.

Some primitive tribes, gymnosperms and similar hallucinogens have been used in religion for a long time.

At the ceremony. The main contribution of this study is to establish the naked mushroom element by scientific method.

Causality with religious experience, and the length of its subsequent influence. This experiment adopts double-blind control method.

Subjects were divided into two groups, 36 in each group. One group took gymnosperm, and the other group took placebo. test object

After taking the medicine and two months later, they filled out a detailed psychological questionnaire to measure their "god" state.

When tested immediately after taking the medicine, 22 people in the naked mushroom group had religious experience, while only 4 people in the control group had religious experience. two

A few months later, two-thirds of the 22 people regarded this experience as the strongest religious experience in their lives.

Once, or in the top five in its strong religious experience.

There are a large number of neurotransmitter 5- hydroxytryptamine receptors in the middle temporal lobe mentioned above, which is the most in religious experience.

Active, so scientists call it "Shenxue".

Previous fasting, meditation, not sleeping, and dying (such as actively or passively holding your breath until the last moment) are all caused.

A good way of religious experience, Psilocybin's mechanism is similar to theirs.

These discoveries, coupled with the universality of religious experience across cultures, histories and religious sects, have made scientists

It is confidently inferred that religious phenomena and religious experiences are nothing more than the human brain under extreme circumstances or specific conditions.

Normal reaction, rather than "wireless communication" with a so-called transcendental god.

God is not elsewhere, he is in the skull of believers, which is the cooperation of nerve cells in the temporal lobe of "Shenxue".

Fire, and inhibit the sense of time and space in the parietal cortex. People can see God in many ways: wearing helmets.

God "; Epilepsy in middle temporal lobe; Take "god molecules" such as gymnospermin or inhale dimethyl ether.

Primary amine; Or in traditional ways, such as meditation, hunger strike, sleep deprivation, fever and drinking. I really can't, but

Climb to the top of the twentieth floor and make a leap of faith (too crowded)