What is psychological stress?

First, the concept

At present, psychological stress can be defined as: the individual is

When realizing the imbalance between demand and the ability to meet demand

It is often manifested through the overall psychological and physiological response.

Out of the multi-factor adaptation process.

Understanding of the concept:

1. Stress is a threat and challenge to the environment by individuals.

Adaptation and coping process, the result of which can be adaptation.

And inappropriate;

2. The stressors can be biological, psychological and social.

And cultural life events;

3. Stress response can be physiological or psychological.

For;

4. The stress process is influenced by various internal and external factors;

Cognitive evaluation plays an important role in the process of stress.

Use.

Second, life events

1. Concept and classification

The great event in life is the middle of life.

All kinds of facial problems are caused by psychological pressure.

The main irritants that may further damage your health are

Nervous stimulation.

At present, students are often born in the field of psychological stress research.

Life events and stressors are regarded as synonyms,

Therefore, in the actual study of life events, in addition to

In addition to psychological, social and environmental stimuli, it also includes

Physiological and pathological changes of the body, such as operation and separation.

Childbirth, illness, etc 。

1) According to the biological, psychological and social attributes of the event.

① Body stressors directly act on the body.

Stimulators of stress response, including physical and chemical factors.

Elements, biological factors and disease factors.

② Psychological stressors, various psychological conflicts and setbacks.

Folding leads to anxiety, fear and depression.

Negative emotions.

③ Social stressors, various natural disasters and society.

Will be turbulent, such as war, unrest, natural disasters.

Disasters, political and economic restructuring and other pressures.

(4) Cultural stressors A person learns from familiar things.

Lifestyle, language environment and customs

Various problems of moving to a strange environment

Cultural conflicts and challenges.

2) According to the phenomenological classification of events

(1) Work problems, modern working environment or

Work itself is a source of stress, including long-term investment.

Working in high temperature, low temperature, noise, underground and other environments;

Things are far away from people (oceans, mountains, deserts),

Highly exhausted, life-threatening, often change.

A stream that changes the rhythm of life irregularly and monotonously.

Waterline work; Work beyond my practical ability.

Work; Transfer, transfer or resignation.

② Love, marriage and family problems

③ interpersonal problems

④ Economic problems

⑤ Personal health problems

The problem of self-realization and self-esteem refers to the individual's self-realization and self-esteem.

Career and academic failures or setbacks, and

Be involved in a case, be inspected, be punished, etc.

⑦ Festive events refer to marriage, remarriage and meritorious service.

Rewards, promotions, etc. It also needs to be made by individuals.

Corresponding psychological adjustment.

3) According to the impact of the incident on individuals.

(1) A positive life event refers to what the individual thinks.

There is a product that is beneficial to physical and mental health.

An extremely important event.

(2) Negative life events refer to individuals' views on themselves.

An unpleasant event that has a negative impact. study

Studies have proved that negative life events are related to physical and mental health.

Sexual life is significantly higher than active life events. because

Negative life events threaten people.

Into a more obvious and lasting negative emotional experience,

Causing the body to feel uncomfortable or disgusting. Besides,

It should be noted that positive events and negative events

The difference between chess pieces is only relative.

4) According to the subjective and objective attributes of events.

① objective events

Independent of human subjective will.

Events. These events are also other.

You can clearly understand it.

② Subjective events are sometimes difficult to be perceived by others.

Experience and identity, including interpersonal contradictions and events.

Bad business, heavy burden, etc. Many events.

It has both objective and subjective attributes.

Attention should be paid in specific research work.

2. The relationship between life events and health

1) Nature of life events

Life events with psychological losses

Most harmful to health, such as spouse's.

Death. A large sample survey in China. meaningful

Indications: There are three kinds of events that affect the occurrence of diseases.

Loudest sound.

(1) Too much stress in study or work

Accompanied by unpleasant emotions

② The interpersonal relationship is not harmonious.

③ Accidental death or relative accident.

Pathogenic mechanism of life events: life event book

The body is not a direct pathogenic factor. Life is important.

It's just a risk factor for disease, dear.

People die, couples divorce, suffer setbacks,

Events such as discrimination are recognized by the brain.

After evaluation, it caused sadness, depression and loneliness.

Equal negative psychological experience, which leads to a series of

Changes in physiology, biochemistry and immune system

2) the number of life events

1976, University of Washington School of Medicine, USA

Psychiatrists Holmes and Lah surveyed 5,000 people.

Data obtained from social surveys and experiments conducted by many people.

The social adaptation rating scale was developed.

The sum of life events in a year.

& gt300 people were 86% sick.

= 150~300 50% fell ill in the second year.

& lt 150 peace in the second year

Third, the pressure response.

1. concept

Refers to all kinds of health caused by stressors.

Physical, psychological, social and behavioral changes

Change is often called stress psychosomatic response.

2. Stress response and health

1) stress response is the response of individuals to changes in internal and external conditions.

The adaptation made by the environment, this adaptation

Should be the original driving force of biological development.

For individuals, some kind of stress response

Not only can it be regarded as timely adjustment and environment

Matching relationship and this stress forging.

Practice is conducive to sound personality and physique, from

And provide conditions for adapting to the environment in the future.

Stimulation is not always harmful to the human body.

Yes

2) Various stress reactions involve the individual's psychosomatic work.

The overall balance of energy.

Balance physiology and health.

Imbalance-pathology, disease

There are many diseases that seriously affect human health.

Quantity is related to the long-term effect of psychological stress factors,

These diseases are all psychosomatic diseases.

3. Psychological and behavioral responses to stress

Emotional response to stress

(1) Anxiety is expected.

Something that is dangerous or has bad consequences.

Emotional states such as nervousness, fear and worry.

(2) Fear is trying to get rid of what is already clear.

There is indeed a specific injury or life danger.

The emotional state in the face of threats.

③ Depression is characterized by sadness,

Loneliness, loneliness, sense of loss and world-weariness

Such as negative emotional state, accompanied by insomnia,

Loss of appetite, loss of libido, etc.

(4) Anger is related to setbacks and threats.

The emotional state of Guan varies with the goal.

Obstruction, self-esteem hit, for the line.

In addition to hindering or restoring self-esteem, it often causes

angry

2) Behavioral response to stress

(1) Escape and avoidance. Escape refers to the action taken to stay away from stressors after exposure to stressors; Avoidance refers to taking action to stay away from the stressor before knowing that the stressor will appear in advance.

(2) Degeneration and dependent degradation refer to people giving up adult coping styles when encountering setbacks or pressures, and coping with environmental changes or satisfying their own desires in childhood. Degeneration is inevitably accompanied by dependence psychology and behavior, degeneration and dependence.

Lai is more common in critically ill patients after being rescued.

Among the sick and the chronically ill.

(3) Hostility refers to the desire to attack, but unfriendly, abusive, hateful or humiliating behavior towards others. Attack refers to the individual's response to stress by attacking, which can be directed at people or things, or at others or themselves.

④ Helplessness and self-pity and helplessness are integrated.

This species is helpless, at a loss, resigned to fate,

The act of passive beating. Self-pity

Is that I feel sorry for myself,

Listen to their complaints and provide appropriate social support.

Hugging can improve self-pity behavior.

(5) Substance Abuse Some people are in psychological conflict or should

When you are excited, you will habitually drink and suck.

Smoking or taking certain drugs.

Change your behavioral response to stress.

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