Imagination in Classical Poetry (3)

Second, the classification of imagination.

According to the conventional classification, imagination can be divided into two categories: one is simple imagination and the other is combined imagination. The so-called pure imagination is to reproduce all kinds of memories stored in the brain; The so-called combinatorial imagination is to recombine the impressions in memory and create a new image. You can associate one thing with another, or you can associate a series of things from one thing and then extend it. Generally speaking, memory and recollection belong to pure imagination; Fantasy, fugue, dream and association belong to combined imagination. The following is a more specific division according to its two categories:

1, memories

It belongs to pure imagination and the reproduction of creative methods. The human brain usually stores all kinds of things that act on our senses and form memories. When a writer creates, he reproduces it, which is memory. For example, Li Shangyin's "Jinse" ends:? A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I realize it? . So, what did he recall in this poem? The poet uses implicit metaphors: Zhuangzi's butterfly dream, the cuckoo's cry in spring, the tears of pearl mussels at the bottom of the sea, and the smoke in lantian jade. These metaphors have aroused the speculation of many poetry theorists, and there are different opinions. However, one thing is certain, that is, the poet's recollection of the years and the past. Because the poet made it clear that this is? Every flower has a youthful interval? ; Clearly pointed out that this is a memory of past feelings; Is it a moment that should last forever? . As for why? Jinse? Proposition, why use all kinds of metaphors, like Song Hezhu? Who is with * * * in golden times? Yuan Renyuan is curious? Is the beauty of Jinse dependent on time? Same,? Jinse? Just a poet's affair. Gambling won the tea fragrance, and then it was normal? Poets with stars on their temples can see things and feel things, so the past of youth is like clouds on the moon, and feelings of sadness, lament, helplessness and confusion come to mind one after another. ? Mermaid shed pearl-like tears on the moon green sea? The moon is full of pearls, and the moon is full of pearls, round and round, like a dream; ? Warm blue sky and jade smoke? Whether it's a warm day in Lantian or a good jade, it's just a passing sight and a moment of prosperity. What I left for myself in my later years was Zhuangzi's waking and cuckoo's crying. As for the tail chain? A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I realize it? Just like Gao Mai said? As mentioned above, everything is frustrating. Don't wait for today's memories to lose yourself, even then? . Explain that the poet was lost at that time, not to mention the recollection of today after being lost? By going up one flight of stairs, added a heavy sense of sadness. The couplets seem ordinary, but they express the author's profound meaning and put the theme of the whole poem into a deeper level of loss, confusion and sadness!

If Li Shangyin's "Jinse" is a comparison to recall the past years, then Zhou Bangyan's "The Warrior Lanling? "Liu" expresses the past directly with fu style, changes time and space three times, and recalls this event affectionately and elegantly. ":

Liu Yin is straight and smoky. On the Sui Dyke, I have seen it several times, and the water fluttered to bid farewell. Who knows how tired Beijing guests are when they visit their old country? Changting Road, which came last year, should be flexible across thousands of feet.

Looking for old traces, drinking and mourning strings, leaving a watch and light. Pear blossom and elm fire urge cold food. Worry about an arrow, the wind is fast, and half a wave is warm. I can count posts as soon as I turn around, hoping that people are at the ends of the earth.

Mourning, hate accumulation! Shame on Biepu, Tianjin is silent and the sunset is endless. Read the moon and join hands, and smell the flute on the bridge. Meditation on the past is like a dream with dark tears.

This word is one of the representative works of Zhou Bangyan's Ci, which has always been popular. In the Song Dynasty, Yinqiaolu said: At the beginning of Shaoxing, Zhou Qingzhen sang Liu's "The Warrior Lanling Slow" in the capital, and the West Building Nanwa sang it, which was called Weicheng Triple Stack? It shows that the word was widely circulated at that time. The title of this word is "Yong Liu", but it is actually a symbol of happiness, used to express farewell feelings.

We know that Liu Yong has made great achievements in the development history of Ci. One of them is good at description and enriches the means of expression of words. As the successor of Liu Yong's graceful words, Zhou Bangyan is better at describing slow words. Liu Ci usually changes time and space twice, or leaves today and hangs up after leaving, such as "Lin Yuling?" Cold and sad; Or let's meet today, such as "Klang Ganzhou?" Yes, it rained at dusk. Zhou Bangyan expanded the secondary transformation into the tertiary transformation. This song "Warrior Lanling? Liu "is to say goodbye to the past from today, to today, and to imagine acacia after parting." "I feel more euphemistic and lingering in the narrative, among which? Looking for ancient traces? And then what? And wine, while mourning strings, lights leave? It is pointed out that this is not the first farewell, and it already implies a kind of recollection of the past, which is different from the third part? Read the moon hand in hand, smell the flute on the bridge? It constitutes a second transformation of time and space, but the latter is written in plain English, and this is just a hint. It can be said that it is both a reminiscence of the scene and the reality in front of us, highlighting the farewell scene in front of us. From the third film? Read the moon hand in hand, smell the flute on the bridge? Two words? Reading? The word occupies time and space, and has been transformed, from today's farewell to the reunion in the past, in which Mutu is used secretly? The bright moonlight on the 24 th Bridge is a clear night. Where do you teach blowjobs? Poetry, which is also the magnanimity of Zhou Bangyan in Liu Yong's dictionary; Sum up a sentence? Nostalgia is like a dream, dark tears? Time and space have once again changed from the past to the present. The characteristics of halal words are good at describing and changing time and space many times.

Wang Guowei once compared Zhou Bangyan to Lao Du in ci. From this poem, we can really feel the depression and frustration of Zhou Ci. The whole word structure is rigorous, the brushwork is changeable, the reality is alternating, and it is repeated. In the layers of narrative twists and turns, implicit and profound. Two memories played a supporting role in the structure.

Almost all of Li Qingzhao's works after crossing the south adopt the method of comparing the past with the present, expressing her deep sorrow and great pain in the face of national demise, family death, husband death and illness. When writing the past, we always use the method of recollection, such as "Forever Happiness?" Recalling the sunset in the heyday of Zhongzhou:? Zhongzhou is in its prime, and the boudoir is full of leisure. Remember points three to five. Paving green crowns, picking gold and snow willows, and fighting for Chu in clusters? , with today's? Now haggard, windy and foggy, afraid to go out at night. Why don't you listen to people laughing under the curtain? Form a strong contrast and show the suffering and great changes of the country and itself. "Slow whisper? "Find, use? Looking for it? To pursue the good old days. Guo Yan is also very sad, but this is an old acquaintance? Reminiscent, and today? Cold and lonely, sad and painful? Form a strong contrast; "Wu Lingchun? The wind stops the dust and the fragrant flowers are exhausted. Things are people, not everything, tears flow first? Discover my feelings after recalling the past and explain why I don't want to go boating in Shuangxi in spring; " Recently in love? By recalling in the dream, Shangsi Qin Zhao reveals the reason why he is forced to smile today:? Xiao Xi at night and Chang 'an in dreams. Do you know Chang 'an Road? .

In addition, such as Cui Hu's "Passing through the Old Village" and Ouyang Xiu's "Raw Tea?" Last year's Lantern Festival, Su Shi's youth tour? Love words like "See you last year" are also memories of meeting in the past, in contrast to today's parting, and are also pure imagination.

2. Fantasy (comprehensive imagination: fugue, dream)

Fantasy belongs to combinatorial imagination. The author has no such experience in real life. Therefore, in poetry, this impression of life is not a copy and reproduction, but an impression and knowledge obtained from various information channels (books, hearsay, internet, painting, movies, television, drama, etc.). ) to transform and combine, to create one or a group of new images that do not appear or are impossible to appear in real life, so as to express their subjective feelings and wishes. Including fugue, fantasy, whimsy and other ways.

Fantasy methods such as Bai Juyi's New Buqiu and Du Fu's Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage:

The boudoir is as white as snow, and Wu Mian is as soft as a cloud.

The cloth is thick and has a residual temperature for fur.

Sit at dusk in the morning and sleep till dawn at night.

Who knows Yan Dongyue, the branches are as warm as spring.

I suddenly remembered at night, caressing Qiu and wandering around.

Husband is expensive and helpful, and he is not alone.

Andrew Wan Li Qiu, wrapped in the surrounding forest.

Steady and warm as me, there is no cold person in the world.

New cloth and fur

In August and autumn, the wind roared and rolled up my three hairs. Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats to Shentang 'ao. The children in Nancun bully me. I can stand being a thief. I openly carried Mao into the bamboo forest, and my lips were so dry that I couldn't breathe. When I came back, I sighed on crutches. The wind in Russia sets the color of clouds and ink, and the desert becomes dark in autumn. This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking. There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain. How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep? There are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor people in the world from the spring breeze and the wind and rain! Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone!

The autumn wind broke the hut.

Bai Juyi and Du Fu are both great poets who care about the country and the people. Bai Juyi made one out of cinnamon cloth and Wu Mian? Cotton thickness? Cotton-padded jacket, just wear it behind your back? Yan dongyue? , also? Are the branches as warm as spring? . But the poet did not satisfy his personal warmth. He thought of the poor people in the world who lacked food and clothing, so he had a whim. Andrew Wan Li Qiu, wrapped in the surrounding forest. Although I am warm, there are no cold people in the world? . With the help of friends, Du Fudong finally built several huts next to Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs of Chengdu, so that the poet who had worked hard for a long time finally had a place to live. We can see from the poems such as Tang Cheng, Jiangcun and Shuisill how much comfort these huts have brought to the poet's mind. However, in the autumn gale, the roof was overturned. To make matters worse, the overturned thatch was picked up by the children in the neighboring village, and even the opportunity to repair it after the calm was lost. Autumn rain comes after the gale, and the poet complains bitterly in his poem? There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain. The feeling of staying up late! But at this moment, the poet is not thinking of himself, but of the poor people in the world: there are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect all the smiles of the poor people in the world, and the wind and rain are not moving like a mountain! Oh! When did I suddenly see this house in front of me, and it was enough for me to freeze to death alone? !