Zhong Hui is Si Mazhao's confidant. Why did he later rise up against Si Mazhao?

China has a long history and many dynasties. It is said that the number of rebellions is the second highest in world history. There is no doubt that rebellion is a high-risk job. So many people have done it through the ages, but only a few have succeeded, and the rest will inevitably have a tragic ending. Among these failed cases, one is so unusual that people can't bear to look directly at it: a resourceful general with more than 200,000 heavy troops in his hand failed and died in just three days. This is probably the worst rebellion in history.

A rebellion that lasted for three days

In 263 AD, Cao Wei launched the last battle against Shu Han, and the180,000 army led by three generals launched an attack with dark clouds. Soon, Wei veteran Deng Ai sneaked into level tone and went straight down to Chengdu, winning a decisive victory. However, Wargo was soon accused of conspiracy, so Zhong Hui, the main commander of the movement, sent someone to arrest the suspect Wargo and escort him to the north.

On the 15th day of the first month in 264 AD, Zhong Hui entered Chengdu.

Later, Si Mazhao's confidant Zhong Hui gave the boss a big surprise: he turned his face!

On the second day of entering Chengdu, that is, the 16th day of the first month, Zhong Hui invited the senior generals of Wei State and officials of Shu State to the imperial court, and then threw out the testamentary edict of Queen Mother Guo, saying that Zhong Hui would arise and abolish. Shu Wei's friends were surprised and looked at each other, not knowing how to respond. You're welcome. Zhong will let his cronies take over the armies, and then shut all the officials who are still in shock in the dark room, close the city gate and the palace gate, and send heavy guards.

At this time, the generals of Wei woke up: this boy is going to rebel!

A imprisoned general, Hu Lie, tried to send a message to his son, Hu Yuanfa, saying that Zhong Hui had dug a big pit and wanted to kill all the soldiers and then buried it in it. When Hu Yuan saw this, he spread the news. Overnight, almost everyone heard the news that Zhong was going to kill and bury the body. Don't blame me for being unjust, so the soldiers spontaneously organized themselves and launched a counter-insurgency on the eighteenth day of the first month. Zhong Hui and a few rebel groups soon died in the disorderly army.

At this point, the rebellion officially failed. From the accident on the 16th day of the first month to the failure on the 18th day of the first month, counting both ends, it will be three days.

In just three days, it created an embarrassing record of the shortest duration of military commanders' rebellion in the history of China, which is unacceptable to any rebel with ideals and pursuits.

There is no doubt that Zhong will be a very clever man.

He comes from a noble family and has been brilliant since he was a child. From the emperor to the minister, he was highly appreciated. He was once praised by Sima Shi as "the talent of Wang Zuo".

After his official career, his experience was also very eye-catching: he participated in the suppression of Huainan rebellion twice, and he repeatedly made strange plans in the process of counterinsurgency. He was compared to Sean, a counselor of the Western Han Dynasty, which was a lot of limelight; Helped Si Mazhao smash the attempt of Wei Emperor Cao Mao to seize power and successfully became Sima's confidant; In 260 AD, he was promoted to be the official minister. Although his official position is not high, he has great power, and the court intervenes in all affairs. In 263 AD, Wei launched the campaign to destroy Shu and was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the army.

It can be seen from this resume that Jude Zhong is really a smart and capable person. Supposedly, such people are usually determined before moving, and they are watertight. It's not normal to start a rebellion in three days. What the hell went wrong?

Zhong Hui (65438+ 10, 225-264) was born in Yingchuan Changshe (now Changgedong, Henan). Wei was a famous strategist and calligrapher in the Three Kingdoms period, the youngest son of teacher Zhongyou and the younger brother of Qingzhou secretariat. Brilliant since childhood, from the emperor to the minister, all appreciate him.

Why did Zhong Hui's rebellion fail?

Perhaps many people can feel that Zhong Hui was not fully prepared for this rebellion.

This is indeed the main reason for the failure of this operation, but the reason for the lack of preparation is rather strange: rebellion, a major event with its head nailed to its belt, was made on impulse!

Specifically, after the victory of Wei's campaign to destroy Shu, Zhong Hui did have rebellion. However, Zhong Hui should never have thought of rebellion before the war of destroying Shu and even before Wargo captured Chengdu.

This should start with the reasons why Wei attacked Shu.

This is not a simple conflict between the two countries. Behind this war is political appeal.

Three years before this war (AD 260), Cao Mao, the then reigning Emperor of Wei, was prepared to use force to crusade against Si Mazhao because he could not stand Sima Yi's bossiness. As a result, he was suppressed by Si Mazhao and the young emperor was killed by people in Si Mazhao.

This incident suddenly pushed Si Mazhao to the forefront.

Although the situation at that time was "Si Mazhao's heart is well known", in name, Cao Weijun and Sima Vision Wei were ministers, and this naked kingship behavior was politically incorrect, and strictly speaking, it was a big mistake.

In order to clear his name, Si Mazhao killed the direct kingslayer, but he was still under great moral and public pressure. In this case, Si Mazhao can only try his best to turn internal contradictions into external contradictions and make great achievements to get rid of the crisis of public opinion and further accumulate usurper capital politically.

So I took a fancy to Shu, a soft persimmon

Si Mazhao (211—— September 6, 265) was born in Wenxian County, Hanoi (now Wenxian County, Henan Province). During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei was a powerful minister and one of the founders of the Western Jin Dynasty. He is the second son of Sima Yi, the younger brother of Sima Shi, and the father of Sima Yan, the Emperor of Jin Dynasty.

Therefore, the political significance of the battle of Shu is greater than the military significance.

At first, the main purpose was to gain political benefits through this war, not to treat Shu.

As a confidant of Si Mazhao, Zhong Hui is indifferent to this. He is not an honest man, and he is a bit bossy at this time, but he understands the real intention of the leader and doesn't have much thought about the coming war.

That is to say, he didn't want to do great things at the beginning of the attack on Shu, because his position in the attack on Shu was the same as that in order to accumulate capital, not to rebel.

In the face of Wei's attack, he completely contracted his defense. Jiang Wei and others gave up Hanzhong and surrendered to Jiange, which made Zhong Hui unable to capture Jiange for a long time. At this time, Wei had acquired the land in Hanzhong, so Si Mazhao was promoted to Gong Jin, and nine tin coins were added.

Everyone knows what Jiu Xi is. It can be said that at this time, Si Mazhao has achieved the purpose of accumulating political capital and the main purpose of the war. Therefore, Zhong Hui is ready to pat his ass and leave (the history book says, "Could it be Keke, Caoyun County is far away, and we will discuss it").

This further shows that Zhong Hui has no ambition until now.

However, one-track-minded Wargo was puzzled by this kind of amorous feelings. He sneaked into Yin Ping and accidentally burned Chengdu. This moment has made things big. Shu kingdom no longer exists. Wargo was taken down, and Zhong Hui almost became the owner of this land. So his ambition suddenly swelled. For a staff officer, if you miss this opportunity, you may not get a chance in the future. It should be said that it was not until this time that Zhong Hui reacted and began to prepare for rebellion.

To tell the truth, such an opportunity is really hard to get, but it is also really unexpected, so I didn't give Zhong Hui too much preparation time. Later, it was also proved that the staff officers were not expected to rebel after all, and Zhong Hui was simply dumbfounded in the preparation process.

He didn't take the time to win the support of Wei generals, but simply and rudely imprisoned them all, which was equivalent to burying a big thunder for himself. Jiang Wei once suggested that he simply kill all these generals to avoid future trouble, but he hesitated and failed.

Most of the soldiers in Wei Jun are from Guanzhong, and they love their hometown. Instead of trying to appease the morale of the army, Zhong Hui allowed rumors to spread. It can be said that Zhong Hui forgot some basic knowledge about rebellion in his haste. The project was hastily launched when all the preparatory work such as contacting the old staff, suppressing dissidents, building fortifications, collecting food and setting up a market was not done well. At this time, as the number one confidant of Zhong Hui, it turned out to be Jiang Wei, a Shu person. This is really a very interesting thing.

Therefore, the mastermind of the Zhong Hui uprising had almost no psychological preparation and planning, and basically did not do any preparatory work before the uprising, and did not get any support from the whole army, so failure was inevitable.

Why did Zhong Hui rebel?

Why Zhong Hui rebelled has always been a focus of debate. There is no hatred and love for no reason, and there will be no rebellion for no reason. Only sufficient reasons will support Zhong Hui to do a job even if he is in a hurry.

First of all, Zhong Hui's behavior has a social foundation.

As we all know, Sima Shi, the boss of Zhong Hui, and Cao Zhi, the boss of Sima Shi, are not very glorious in their means of governing the country. Cao Shi raised the emperor of the Han dynasty and eventually usurped the throne; Sima Jia put Emperor Cao Wei on the forefront again, and it seemed that he was going to take the upper position: this set a very bad example for his men. You can be the first grade, why can't I be the fifteenth?

The political soil at that time was very easy to breed seeds of rebellion.

From the tomb to Zhuge Dan, after several reversals, Zhong Hui can only be regarded as a late episode. Therefore, under the circumstances at that time, Jude Zhong would have some ideas after holding a lot of resources, which is not incomprehensible.

Mr. Lv Simian, a historian of modern history in China, believes that Zhong Hui is loyal to Cao Zhi, and the purpose of his rebellion is to revive Cao Wei.

Personally, I think this view is very debatable.

The relationship between Zhong Hui and Sima Shi is not good, but good. Sima Shi and Zhong Hui of Si Mazhao Times are highly valued, and they have close personal relationships. In 255, Sima Shi died while conquering Wu. Wei Emperor wanted to take this opportunity to seize the relieving power of Si Mazhao, and it was Zhong Hui who made suggestions and smashed the plot of Wei Emperor to seize the class and power in one fell swoop.

From these historical facts, it is difficult to see that Zhong will show signs of loyalty to Cao Wei.

The main reason for Zhong Hui's rebellion is the consideration of its own interests.

Zhong Hui once said: "Since Huainan, I have made a plan and it is known everywhere." . Do I want to go back to this safe place? "

What he is worried about is his contribution to Gao Zhen, and it is inevitable that all birds are gone.

Although he is Si Mazhao's confidant, but in the face of huge political interests, this relationship is unreliable.

According to historical records, before and after Zhong Hui went out, many people reminded Si Mazhao to be careful of him. At that time, Zhong Hui may not have the opposite idea, but he could not have heard the wind and could not have no idea. At the same time, his position as Si Mazhao's confidant was gradually squeezed by Jia Chong and other nouveau riche, which deepened his sense of crisis.

Wei Guo (12,220,10-02,266) was one of the separatist regimes in the Three Kingdoms period, and later historians often called it Cao Wei. Because the later Northern Wei Dynasty was called the "post-Wei" and Cao Wei was also called the "pre-Wei" or "pre-Wei", it was the most powerful country among the three countries.

It turns out that Si Mazhao and Zhong Hui are really uncomfortable together.

As soon as Zhong Hui entered Chengdu, she received a letter from Si Mazhao. Si Mazhao said in the letter that he was worried that Wargo would not listen to orders, so he personally led100000 troops stationed in Chang 'an, and said, "We will meet again soon".

As we all know, Wargo is a cover, and Si Mazhao is worried about Zhong Hui. At the communication speed at that time, Si Mazhao's presence in Chang 'an must have been before Zhong Hui entered the city. That is to say, Si Mazhao has long been uneasy about Zhong Hui, and he took action before Zhong Hui made it clear that he was rebellious. This naturally scared Zhong Hui, which became an important reason for his despair.

Another reason is geographical bonus.

The traffic in Sichuan is inconvenient, so it is still very difficult to call in from outside.

Zhong Hui herself is like this. If it weren't for Deng Aibing's adventure, he might not even touch the edge of Chengdu city wall. Therefore, it is easy for people to have the idea of Sichuan separatist regime. At the end of the Han Dynasty, one of the earliest warlords who formed separatist forces was Yizhou pastoral Ada. Later, Liu Bei founded the country on this basis, and one third of the world had one.

Zhong Hui felt that even if the rebellion was unsuccessful, he could go back to Shu to learn from Liu Bei. In that case, why not give it a try?

Therefore, Zhong Hui's rebellion, although temporary in behavior, has a reason.

It's just that he didn't size up the situation and was not prepared. Although he had the right time, the right place and the right people, he didn't get on well with anyone and acted in a hurry, which led to a huge tragedy and cost himself, Wargo and Jiang Wei their lives. It's really a pity.