What infectious diseases can dogs and cats infect people respectively?

In recent years, there has been an upsurge of keeping pets in China. As we all know, while pets bring people fun, some people and animals get sick one after another. Rabies. Mainly from dogs, the virus exists in their saliva and spreads when biting, scratching and licking people; Sometimes it comes from cats, monkeys, rabbits, mice and so on. The disease is characterized by fear, fear of wind and water, and the mortality rate is extremely high. Cats scratch hot. Mainly from cats, people are infected by cat bites and scratches. Symptoms include inflammation, suppuration, ulcer or lymphangitis, swollen lymph nodes, pain, rash and so on. Parrot fever. From parrots, pigeons, turkeys and other birds, people are mainly infected by inhaling air polluted by their feces or hair dust. It is characterized by high fever, cough, chest pain, pleurisy and pneumonia. Rats bite hot. It comes from mice. When people are bitten by mice, they bring bacteria into their bodies. Symptoms include high fever, pain, swelling, blisters, ulcers, eschar, and systemic rash. Japanese encephalitis. There are many kinds of animals with viruses, among which dogs, cats and birds are the main ones. The virus is transmitted to people through the bite of mosquitoes after sucking blood, mostly in summer and autumn. High fever, headache, vomiting, lethargy, convulsion or coma at the time of onset, with high mortality. Epidemic hemorrhagic fever. In cities, it mainly comes from rats and mice, and sometimes it infects rabbits and monkeys. The virus is transmitted to people through bites, or through its feces and urine pollutants. Fever, low blood pressure, oliguria and polyuria are present at the onset, and the mortality rate is high. Toxoplasma gondii Mainly from cats, people get infected by eating food contaminated by Toxoplasma gondii in their feces, and sometimes through respiratory tract, conjunctiva and skin. The characteristics of the disease are lymphadenopathy, rash, pneumonia, myocarditis, retinitis and encephalitis. It can also be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta, causing abortion, premature delivery and teratogenesis. Lentivirus infection. Mainly from dogs, cats, monkeys and so on. And its body carries lentivirus, which is transmitted to people through long-term contact with people, especially children, the elderly and the infirm. After infection, the virus lurks for a long time, and it can slowly cause bone diseases and cancer after several years. Nematode disease mainly comes from dogs and cats. Nematodes parasitize the conjunctival sac and lacrimal passage of their eyes, and flies spread it to people when licking the secretions of domestic animals and human eyes. When people are sick, they show conjunctivitis and keratitis, which can cause blindness in severe cases. Campylobacter diseases Many pets carry pathogens from feces, which pollute food and drink and infect people. The onset features are fever, abdominal pain, joint pain and diarrhea. Hair dust allergy. For people with allergies, contact with or inhalation of dust contaminated by pet hair, feces and urine will cause allergic reactions. The manifestations are skin diagnosis, rhinitis, cough and asthma. The above examples show that keeping pets should be cautious and protective measures should be taken. Pets should be vaccinated with veterinary vaccines on time according to relevant regulations. In addition, we should also master some common sense of protection, such as maintaining hygiene and good ventilation, and not being too close to livestock and pets, such as kissing and sharing a bed to prevent contact and infection.

Four diseases transmitted from cats to humans:

Disease 1: Toxoplasma gondii-the most important disease transmitted by cats to humans.

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa named Toxoplasma gondii, which is a zoonotic disease. Lively and lovely cats are the main source of Toxoplasma infection. Toxoplasma gondii is distributed all over the world. In many countries, the average infection rate is 25%~50%, and some even reach more than 80%, which is extremely harmful to human health. After people are infected with toxoplasmosis, their clinical manifestations are diverse and lack of specific symptoms, such as lymphadenitis, myocarditis, hepatitis, nephritis and bronchitis. Once a pregnant woman is scratched by a cat, Toxoplasma gondii, a pathogen carried by the cat, will cause fetal infection from the pregnant woman's wound through the placenta, leading to premature delivery, abortion, stillbirth or teratoma. At present, there is no ideal treatment for this disease. Therefore, families with pet cats must do a good job in food hygiene and personal hygiene, and it is very important to cut off the route of transmission. If you have a pregnant woman at home, you must not have a cat.

It is suggested that toxoplasmosis is transmitted through cat feces diseases. After excretion, cats are used to burying feces with their claws, and then cleaning their claws and other parts with their mouths. So cats' PP, claws, mouth and tail may all carry Toxoplasma gondii. However, toxoplasmosis is not transmitted by people. It only passes through the human stomach, and the eggs of Toxoplasma gondii can be broken and transmitted to people! Therefore, cat owners must pay attention to hygiene.

Disease 2: Cat tinea-a stubborn and incurable cat-borne disease.

Cat tinea is a common cat skin disease caused by fungi. The disease type is similar to human beriberi, and the bacteria are stubborn and refractory. Among the five kinds of fungi found to cause tinea felis, Microsporum Oduense is easily transmitted to people through infected utensils, combs, scissors, mats and so on. After being infected with tinea felis, the mild person will feel itchy skin and have a rash; In severe cases, hair loss and extensive skin lesions will occur, leading to exudative suppuration.

Tip: Because cats are covered with fur, it is difficult for people to detect the initial infection of tinea felis.

Disease 3: Cat rabies-the most dangerous cat-borne disease.

Cat rabies is also called rabies, just like dog rabies virus. It is manifested as illness, disturbance of consciousness, overreaction to environmental stimuli, attack on other animals, and finally paralysis and death. According to statistics, rabies transmitted by cats accounts for 3% of the total cases, and it is the second largest epidemic source and transmission host of rabies. The incidence of rabies in domestic cats is not high, so people ignore the rabies immunization for pet cats, which brings hidden dangers to the prevention of rabies.

It is suggested that rabies virus mainly exists in the saliva of infected cats, and carries the virus 15 days before symptoms appear and 10 days after symptoms disappear. Therefore, whether you are bitten by a dog or a cat, you should be alert to rabies. Unless the biting cat (dog) is always healthy, the possibility of rabies cannot be ruled out.

First aid for cat bites

Correct treatment of wounds: It is incorrect to apply mercuric chloride, tincture of iodine and gauze to wounds bitten by cats (or dogs), and taking painkillers has no disinfection effect. The simplest and most feasible method at home is to wash the wound with plenty of soapy water or salt water immediately. In order to wash off the rabies virus that may exist in the wound as much as possible, it should be washed for more than half an hour, and then smeared with 2% iodine tincture and 75% alcohol, but the wound should not be stitched up.

Inject rabies vaccine as soon as possible: the rabies vaccine should be injected as soon as possible, and it should be injected in five times as required: the third time, the seventh time, 14, and the first time 1 30 days after the rabies vaccine injection. When the patient changes from the incubation period to the prodromal period, it will be ineffective to inject rabies vaccine again.

Disease 4: Cat scratch disease-a cat-borne disease that is easily overlooked.

Cat scratch disease is also called cat scratch fever, and the pathogen that causes cat scratch disease is Bartonella. About 10% of pet cats and 33% of stray cats carry Bartonella in their blood. People usually get infected with this disease after being bitten by cats or having close contact with cats.

If a person is infected with cat scratch disease, usually after 3~7 days, non-suppurative inflammation such as erythema or papule appears at the scratch and bite site. Followed by granulomatous or suppurative lymphadenopathy of the head and face, the main symptoms are low fever, headache, chills, general weakness, discomfort, anorexia and vomiting.

After the cat scratch disease is diagnosed, if it can be treated in time, the prognosis is generally good. Only those with low immune function may have serious systemic diseases, such as cardio-cerebral complications, and some may even die.

-Excerpted from Scientific Life,No. 12, 2006.