Who has a way to deodorize the shed?

The main methods suitable for raising chickens in large quantities are pheasant, plastic greenhouse chicken and cage chicken. The fast and large broilers (released in 45 days) produced by large-scale chicken farms can no longer meet the special needs of consumers, while the local chickens are mainly raised in the wild around the forest and feed on omnivorous grains and weeds in the field. The produced chicken is full of game, rich in nutrition, safe and pollution-free, and pays attention to ecological protection and environmental pollution control, which is favored by consumers.

Advantages of raising chickens in mountainous areas: natural environment, low food cost and less housing construction. The investment cost is low. Outdoor grazing, chickens eat weeds and insects. Rich in nutrition. The cost of food for each chicken for four months is less than that of 30 yuan. Chicken is expensive. Although it grows slowly, it has a high survival rate and good income. In addition, outdoor activities are large and the quality of chicken is good. A vast market. For example, Fu You Farm in Dayan County, Shiyan, Hubei Province. Localized local chickens, plus all-natural outdoor stocking. Natural light lasts for a long time, and chickens eat whole grains, grass and insects. Chickens are very healthy and popular with local people. It is an important element of local table culture.

Although raising chickens in mountainous areas has low cost and low investment, it is difficult to manage, and only a small amount of native chickens can be raised. Generally, a single batch of chickens is within 1000. Suitable breeds are: local Sanhuang chicken, local Ma chicken and local Gushi chicken. In addition, it must be a local chicken breed. For example, Guangdong Sanhuang chicken is of little value and significance in Heilongjiang, and it is easy to get sick. Therefore, native chickens must be localized. This is a chicken raising method with less investment, quick effect and high income, which is worth popularizing and applying in chicken farmers who have just started to raise chickens and have poor economic conditions.

The advantage of raising chickens in plastic greenhouses is easy to obtain: the main materials of chicken houses in plastic greenhouses are ordinary agricultural films and bamboo curtains, which are easy to obtain except films. Can be built on demand, does not compete with agriculture for land, can combine agriculture and animal husbandry, raise chickens and fertilize fields, reduce environmental pollution, and is also convenient for thoroughly disinfecting sheds and eliminating germs.

Low cost: generally, the construction of henhouses needs to be put into 30 yuan according to the calculation of each chicken. This method only needs 4 yuan, and it is simple to build, saving time and effort. Can also make full use of other original idle greenhouses to raise chickens, which is convenient to manage and can improve the survival rate. The average brooding rate and feeding rate are above 98% and 96% respectively. 1 Only three batches of chickens are needed in the greenhouse to recover the investment.

Sufficient illumination: Due to the translucent plastic greenhouse, large area and long natural illumination time, it is beneficial to improve the survival rate, accelerate growth and reduce feed consumption.

Good heat preservation: this advantage is particularly prominent in winter, which can improve the laying rate of hens and the weight gain speed of broilers. The technology of raising chickens in fermentation bed was first developed by Japanese shinya yamanaka Society in 1950s. Fermented bed chicken raising is an effective and more reasonable ecological chicken raising, which not only realizes the effective treatment of chicken manure, zero emission, no pollution and no odor, but also provides the most suitable ecological environment for the healthy growth of chickens. Chickens grow fast in this environment, with more eggs, good egg quality and less illness, which greatly saves labor, water and materials and significantly improves the benefits of raising chickens.

The basic principle and process of 1

After Gymboree fermentation AIDS and sawdust are evenly mixed, they are evenly spread in the circle with a total thickness of not less than 40cm. With the accumulation of chicken manure and urine in the sawdust layer, after 3-7 days, functional microorganisms are activated and colonized, and multiply geometrically (the theoretical number of reproduction can reach 2 in 24 hours! ), using manure as nutrient source, the mixture of sawdust manure and urine is gradually heated and fermented, and the temperature of the central fermentation layer can reach 30-50℃ or higher, and the surface temperature is stable at 20℃ for a long time, basically forming a constant temperature bed. After the lower fermentation is completed, sawdust and other padding materials will gradually become darker and darker due to fermentation carbonization, and the fermented products can be used as fertilizer or roughage and can be taken out of the house in batches. If it is not needed, it can be removed for a long time, and it needs to be padded after a long time.

2 The benefits of the fermentation bed

Deodorization, energy saving and grain saving. Energy-saving heating in winter, cool ventilation in summer, and odor removal in four seasons make the circle sanitary and clean, greatly improving the living environment, work and living environment of people and animals. Can save more than 30% of feed and more than 90% of water.

Kill pests, resist diseases and promote growth. Because of heating and fermentation, the fermentation bed in the barn can kill many kinds of eggs and pathogenic bacteria, which makes the livestock not easy to get sick, less sick, gain weight quickly, have good meat quality and less water.

Recycling of waste. The fermented mixture of sawdust and chicken manure and urine is a kind of high-quality bio-organic fertilizer or roughage, which is rich in nutrition, loose and breathable, odorless and beautiful in appearance, and can be widely used as nutrient soil for seedlings, flowers, cash crops, fruit trees and vegetables or other animal roughage.

Simple and convenient. Strong adaptability, simplicity, low cost, good benefit, environmental protection and safety.

3 operating precautions

The dosage of sawdust: the thickness of the material layer of the chicken house fermentation mattress is generally lower than that of the pigsty fermentation bed. Calculated by not less than 40 cm, the total amount of pigsty sawdust with an area of 50㎡ and a daily discharge of about 25 kg is about 20 cubic meters. The cushion is too thin and too thick. If it is too thin, it will not ferment. If it is too thick, it may cause the internal temperature to rise too high and too fast. The fermentation assistant can be evenly sprinkled into all the sawdust mats at one time, or it can be sprinkled locally in 3-4 layers. Wood chips can be partially replaced by rice husk, peanut shell, straw powder, etc.

Dosage and dilution of starter:

(1) dosage: use 3 kg Gymboree fermentation assistant in a 50㎡ enclosure, spray 80% at one time, and the remaining 20% as a supplement, or add it at one time. The enclosure area should not be too small and the breeding density should not be too high, otherwise the fermentation will stop because of the overload of manure accumulation.

(2) Dilution: Gymboree fermentation AIDS must be mixed with rice bran (or corn flour) according to the ratio of microbial inoculum: rice bran (or corn flour) = 1: 5 or more, and then evenly sprinkled into sawdust. In order to achieve uniform effect, multi-stage dilution method can also be used, and brown sugar water with a concentration of about 5% can be sprayed appropriately to mix rice bran microbial agents.

Moisture control of bedding: in principle, sawdust bedding does not need additional water, and the moisture content of surface bedding is based on no dust accumulation, which is easy to bring respiratory diseases to chickens and affect their growth and development. When there is little chicken manure and urine, you can spray some water on the surface with a sprayer.

Fermentation rhythm and temperature control: Fermentation rhythm and temperature can be controlled artificially. To raise the temperature and ferment quickly, one or more of the following comprehensive measures can be taken: increasing the dosage of fermentation AIDS, adding brown sugar water to activate fermentation inoculum in advance, adding more nutrients such as fresh rice bran or urea water, increasing the thickness of sawdust layer, increasing the turnover times, punching and ventilating, and appropriately increasing the water content of sawdust mixture (but the water content of the mixture should not exceed 70%, otherwise it will produce odor due to the fermentation and decomposition of spoilage bacteria. The opposite measures can be taken to reduce the temperature. Generally, the internal temperature does not exceed 50℃, the core fermentation layer does not exceed 60℃, and the surface temperature is below 25-30℃.

Long-term continuous use: Gymboree fermentation AIDS should be used continuously for a long time to achieve the best deodorization and environmental protection effect and the economic effect of pig weight gain. Due to the different factors such as land area, climate, temperature and humidity, breeding animal species, sawdust and other materials sources and thickness, users should explore and summarize the optimal operation technology suitable for their own situation (such as microbial inoculum dosage, temperature and humidity control, microbial inoculum replenishment interval, fermentation cycle and festival, whether to remove fermented materials, post-treatment of materials, etc.). ). The so-called interval feeding method is to feed the chickens in stages on the same day, so as to stimulate the appetite of the chickens, relatively speed up the feeding, reduce the waste of paving, and cultivate their feeding rules, thus ensuring better growth and development on the basis of feeding a predetermined amount of feed.

First, the application of interval feeding method in broiler breeding.

For broiler breeders, it is easier for hens to reach the weight standard in the early stage, except for roosters. Generally, with proper management, you can reach the weight standard in the first week. However, chickens have strong food choices. If they are fed too much at a time, they will start to be picky eaters as soon as they are full, resulting in serious scattering, which often leads to "higher cost". Therefore, the intermittent feeding method is adopted from the middle brooding stage to the feeding restriction stage, and the feeding time is relative. The purpose is to reduce the waste of feeding. The method is to feed the chickens several times throughout the day, and the first time can be more appropriately, so that the chickens can eat more than 1 hour, and then temporarily stop feeding after eating, so that the chickens can drink water or move freely, so that they can have a short hunger process and wait for the next feeding. In this way, chickens will take the initiative to feed after each feeding, and the feeding speed will be relatively accelerated, reducing the feeding waste caused by food selection. The specific feeding time and stopping interval can be determined according to the actual situation on site.

Second, the application of intermittent feeding method for commercial broilers

Commercial broilers put more emphasis on feed intake and feed-meat ratio. If chickens are allowed to feed blindly and freely, they will have no sense of urgency. They will eat when they are hungry and rest when they are full. The waste caused by food selection is more serious and completely out of people's control. It is suggested that in addition to free feeding in the first week, humans should consciously manage their eating habits from the second week. In the case of natural light, they have to turn off the lights for 2-3 hours when it is dark. With this formation law, chickens will form a good habit of "combining work and rest", and there will be a feeding peak before and after turning off the lights every time, which not only accelerates the feeding speed, improves the feed intake, but also reduces the scattering of feed, which is more conducive to the formation of the habit of "combining work and rest" and better growth and development of chickens.

Third, the application of intermittent feeding method for laying hens

It is a headache for managers to reach the early weight of laying hens, and interval feeding method will solve this problem well. The operation method of dimming stage in the middle period of brooding is basically the same as that of commercial broilers. After the lighting time is fixed during the growth period, the lighting can be stopped for 2 ~ 3 hours at noon, so that employees can have leisure for eating and resting. Secondly, chickens also have a process of rest and hunger. The personnel on duty should be arranged to ensure that the set total lighting time will not reduce the output. During the laying period, the light can't stop in the middle, but chickens will have three feeding peaks after dawn, at 2-3 pm and 2-3 hours before dark. So we can follow its natural law and adopt the "rice" feeding method of feeding three times. This can not only speed up the feed intake, improve the feed intake, but also make the trough empty. Because chickens like to eat feed with larger particles, uninterrupted feeding will make the powder at the bottom eat less, and there are many vitamins and minerals in the powder, which will easily lead to nutritional deficiency for a long time.

Fourth, the problems that should be paid attention to when using intermittent feeding method.

1. Therefore, this method will aggravate the phenomenon that chickens scramble for food, so it is required to provide enough feeding positions to ensure that chickens only have the same feeding opportunities and get the same amount of feed.

2. Provide enough drinking water, and supply water half an hour before feeding (especially the first feeding on the same day) as required, so as to avoid overeating caused by accelerating the feeding speed of chickens just because of hunger.

3. When the weight of the chicken is not up to standard or the feeding speed is slow, it is necessary to slow down the dimming speed and provide more feeding time.

Chickens can't use this method under great pressure (such as broken beak, immunity, etc.). ) and diseases, so they must eat freely.

5. For broiler breeders, when the feeding speed of the flock is faster than 3 ~ 4 hours, this method can no longer be adopted, and the feeding restriction procedure should be adopted. The feed line is used to feed chickens all day at one time, which promotes the uniform feeding of chickens and improves the uniformity.

6. When interval feeding method is adopted, it is necessary to master the feed intake of chickens, and not to feed them too much at one time, which can not only avoid nutritional deficiency, but also avoid feed pollution and moisture absorption mildew.