Ellipsis of prepositions in classical Chinese

1. What adverbials are postpositioned in classical Chinese sentences with prepositions omitted, that is, prepositional phrases postpositioned? There are many examples, such as:

My son and I are fishing in Zhu Jiang. We are friends with fish, shrimp and elk. Red wall fu

Unfortunately, Lu Shimeng committed evil in the former, but offered flattery in the latter. Preface to the Southern Guide

Confucius is suitable for the state of Qi. He is a courtier of Gao and wants to associate with him. confucius family

I can't do it, why should I see myself in the future? confucius family

The compromise between China's Six Arts and Confucius is the most sacred. confucius family

Guan Zhong ruled the State of Qi, while Qi Huangong occupied the dominant position. Guan zhongchuan

The prince wants to be in charge of state affairs. Biography of assassin

Scheeren's brother changed his mind and wanted to betray Lv Hou. Biography of Huaiyin Hou

Ice is colder than water for it. Persuasive learning

10 tasted five battles in Qin, with two defeats and three wins. On six countries

Second, the prepositional phrase composed of the preposition "one" is used as an adverbial. In ancient Chinese, it is often placed after the verb predicate, and it should also be mentioned before translation. At this time, the preposition "one" can generally be understood as Ba and Yong.

1 1 Dong was outraged despite the heavy punishment. Ten thoughts on admonishing Taizong

Meet Sean in private and tell him something. Hongmen feast —banquet offered with ill intentions

13 Talk about General Qin with Zhang Rang and Lu Jia. Gaozuchuan

14 Zi Ying, king of Qin, is a white horse with his neck tied into a ball. Gaozuchuan

15: I sincerely teach you filial piety. I am loyal to my country.

16 I know that rich people give people money and kind people give people words. confucius family

17 temple grain was too strong, and it was given to a city of thousands of households. Ginger, jujube and magnolia, grain and rice, clothes and fire were buried in people's stomachs. Biography of funny stories

18 Yugong thinks that the brave in the world are sincere, making good use of Qin is more important. Biography of assassin

1, "I want to eliminate disasters for Ming Sheng." (Han Yu's "Moving to the Left to Show Grandnephew's Neck")

2. "If you don't die, you won't die." (Li Qingzhao's "Drunken Flowers")

3. "A light travels to the sun." (Li He's Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing)

4. "The clouds are bleak and Wan Li is condensed." (Cen Can's "Farewell to Tian Shuji, Wu Guixiang, Snow Song")

5. "cicadas turn a thousand times." (Wu Jun and Zhu Shu)

6. Two sentences in "Zen after Breaking Mountain Temple" have been passed down by people.

7. The poem "Moving Left to Lan Guanxian's Grandnephew and Grandson" is about the scenery.

8. The poem that deeply expresses the poet's deep-rooted pain of national subjugation in "Floating Clouds" is:

" , !"

9. The poem "Shui Diao Ge Tou" says, "Everything in the world can't be perfectly unified forever. Life has its natural laws of gathering and scattering, and it is full of philosophy of life. The words that left people's wishes for thousands of years in "Water Turn Around" are:

10, people often quote the sentence in Han Yu's Ma Shuo: ". ,

"To explain: talents need to be discovered and cultivated. People who discover talents are very important and more rare than talents. In Ma Shuo, it is said that the root cause of Maksima's burial is:

In Ma Shuo, the sentence describing the humiliation and death of a swift horse is: ","

The sentence that embodies the theme of the full text in Ma Shuo is: ","

1 1. The sentence that reveals the author's writing intention in the Preface to Send Dong Shaonan to the North of the River is:

12, "Chen She Family" wrote Chen She's great ambition when he was young: ""

The sentence in "Chen She Family" that shows Chen She's dissatisfaction with the feudal aristocratic system is: "!"

13. In life, many people (such as excellent people's teachers) have a strong sense of professionalism. We often praise them with a poem from Li Shangyin's Untitled.

14 "Song in the Snow Bai Xuege Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Home" is a famous sentence throughout the ages.

The poem "Bai Xuege Farewell Tian Shuji Wu to Go Home" has the same effect as Li Bai's poem "Lonely Sail Far Across the Sky, Only the Yangtze River is in the Sky": ","

15, "Tianjingsha. Qiu Si "expressed the poet's sadness".

16. The poem expressing the desire to serve the imperial court in "Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing" is:

17, the theme sentence in the song "goat". Nostalgia for Tongguan is: In this sentence, the peaks are like a gathering, the waves are like anger, and the mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road, gathering and anger write the terrain of Tongguan from two aspects of perception and sentiment.

Attachment: famous sentences that need to be memorized in the text.

1, "The weather is unpredictable and people are unpredictable" (13. The power of climate).

2. "Do your best and die" (20. Deng Jiaxian)

3. "The mountain is high and the moon is small, and the water comes out" and "The breeze is Xu Lai, and the water waves are quiet" (22. The story of the nuclear ship)

4. "If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first" (Zhongshu 22 1 page)

2. How many kinds of ellipsis sentences in classical Chinese are one of the special sentence patterns in classical Chinese. There are mainly the following types:

First, the subject ellipsis the subject should undertake the previous subject ellipsis, and the latter ellipsis echoes; Subjects are often omitted in conversation. On Sunday, a guest came outside, and (I) sat and chatted with (the guest). ((Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qi for teaching)) Translation: The next day, a guest came outside, (Zou Ji) sat and chatted with (him);

Second, the predicate is omitted. Predicate is the most important component in a sentence and can't be omitted generally. However, under certain circumstances, some of them are the connecting link, echoing the following or being omitted because of dialogue. For example: (1) one drum, then (drum) will decline, and three (drums) will be exhausted. ((Turn left to argue with Judge Cao) Translation: The first drum beats to boost morale, the second drum beats to suppress morale, and the third drum beats to defeat morale;

Third, omit the object. (1) Verb object is omitted. For example:

Wei Jianting, Guang, took () and killed the captain. (Sima Qian's "Chen She Family")

Every word is sealed, and fire () makes () strong. (Shen Kuo's Trapped Door)

King Xiang said, "Warriors! Give it a drink. " Then fight with (). (Sima Qian's "Hongmen Banquet")

(2) Omission of prepositional objects. For example:

The vertical position and () are insufficient. (same as above)

Fourth, omit prepositions. The preposition "Yu" in classical Chinese is often omitted. For example:

Today, Zhong Qing was put in the water. Although the wind and waves can't be heard, what can I do? (Su Shi's Shi Zhongshan Ji)

Passionate () righteously, regardless of life and death (Jaco's "Five Graves")

3. What words can be omitted in classical Chinese, what function words are there, and what usage are there? Your first question is about ellipsis in classical Chinese.

There are several common situations: omitting the subject, omitting the subject before the connection, omitting the subject after the echo, and often omitting the subject in the dialogue. The third person pronoun "Zhi" and "Qi" in classical Chinese can't be the subject, which is one of the reasons why the subject is often omitted in classical Chinese.

For example, "my family has lived in my hometown for three generations, and it has accumulated for 60 years now, and the days of my neighbors are stunned." Out of the ground, exhausted, calling disciples, hungry, touching the wind and rain, making cold hot, calling poison to cook, often the dead borrow. "

Sometimes the subject is omitted in a compound sentence or a paragraph, and these subjects are inconsistent, that is, they refer to different objects, so we should pay attention to it when reading and translating. For example, "when I saw the fisherman, I was shocked and asked what I had done."

Answer it. You have to go home and set up wine to kill chickens for dinner. "

When translating into modern Chinese, the omitted subject should be supplemented. Omit the predicate, which is the most important component in a sentence and generally cannot be omitted.

However, under certain circumstances, some of them are the connecting link, echoing the following or being omitted because of dialogue. For example, "choose the good and follow it, and change the bad."

(Analects of Confucius VI) The last sentence omits the predicate "Xuan". When translated into modern Chinese, what is omitted is mainly a supplement.

There are two cases of omitting an object: omitting the object of a verb and omitting the object of a preposition. Such as: "Take the other side as a great achievement and worship as a superior."

(Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) This sentence omits the object "Zhi" of the verb predicate "Jing", and another example is: "The vertical pole is not enough!" This sentence omits the object of the preposition "Yu". In classical Chinese, the object "Zhi" of prepositions "Yi", "Wei" and "Yu" is omitted.

When translating into modern Chinese, the omitted verb object or preposition object should be supplemented. In classical Chinese, the prepositions "Yu" and "Yi" are often omitted.

For example, "If we arrive in a few days, there will be an earthquake in Longxi." The preposition "Yu" is omitted from the sentence (Zhang Hengchuan).

Another example is: "Give it a shoulder." The preposition "one" is omitted from the sentence (banquet at the Hongmen Gate).

When it is modern Chinese, the omitted prepositions should also be added. 1. Pronouns, as the third person pronouns, can express people, things and things.

Daiduo is the third person, which translates as "he (she) (they)" and "it (they)". The public rides it and fights with spoons.

(Cao Gui Debate) (2) Chen Sheng assisted him and killed two commanders. (The Chen She Family) (3) Carnivores are welcome.

(Cao Gui Debate) 2. Auxiliary word (1) structural auxiliary word, translated as "de". Such as: ① Taste the heart of the ancient benevolent people.

("Yueyang Tower") 2 Prisons, large and small, although unobservable, must have feelings. ("Cao Gui Debate") ② Auxiliary words, with a soothing tone and no translation.

Such as: ① there is no humble inscription on the ear of silk and bamboo; (2) the mud leaves the lotus untouched. ("Ailian said") 3 I attacked Song with Wang Lizhi, which is similar to this.

("Public Loss") (3) Syllable auxiliary words. Used to adjust syllables, meaningless, generally not translated.

Such as: ① pass the parcel (Cao Gui debate); 2 After a long time, my eyes seem to fade and my mind is very idle (Wolf); ③ Long-term disappointment and resentment (Chen She family); (4) Auxiliary words are the signs of object advancement. What's the problem? What was the sin of the Song Dynasty? 3. As a verb, it can be translated into "to" and "to".

On the ridge of the fallow field. (2) Mainly used as conjunctions, (1) can indicate sequential conjunctions, including juxtaposition, modification, inheritance and progression.

Generally do not translate. For example: ① Review the past and learn new things, and you can learn from Teacher Yi (Ten Analects of Confucius); (2) Wei Jianting, Guangsheng, captured and killed the captain (Chen She's family); He was defeated by the ring.

The previous "harmony" means to undertake the relationship. The more help you get, the less help you get. 4. If you drink less, you will get drunk, which is the highest in the year. Therefore, you call yourself an alcoholic. 2. Turn the relationship upside down and translate it into "but", "but" and "but".

People don't know and don't care. (2) Love the lotus only without touching the mud, but don't do evil ... You can look at it from a distance and don't be ridiculous ("Love Lotus"), but you want to believe in the righteousness of the world and be short-sighted ("Longzhong Dui").

The latter word "and" indicates a turning point. Pronouns (1) in How Enlightenment Helps can be translated as "he (she)", "he (she)" them, "theirs" and "it" them.

For example: ① choose the good and follow it, and change its bad (ten articles in the Analects of Confucius); ② People have hundreds of hands and fingers, and cannot point to one end (mouth skills); ② Demonstrative pronouns can be translated into "na", "na", "those" and "there". For example, his eyes are silent. If he listens to the sound of tea (the story of the nuclear ship), he will move on. If he wants to be poor (the story of the Peach Blossom Garden), it can also be translated as "one of them", followed by numerals.

For example: ① A dog is sitting in front (wolf) 2. Adverbs are placed at the beginning of a sentence or in a sentence to express doubt, conjecture, backchat, wishes, etc. They are often combined with modal particles at the end of sentences, which can be translated into "probably", "maybe", "maybe", "how" and "don't" or omitted. What is (1) like? (Yu Gong Yi Shan) (2) Is there really no horse evil? I really don't know if () can translate the front "Qi" into "Yao" and the back "Qi" into "I'm afraid".

(3) There is only one Ling Jun! It can be translated as "must". ("Tang Drama Live Up to its Mission") (4) Introduce the cause of the action with a preposition (1), which can be translated as "because" and "because".

For example: ① Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself (the story of Yueyang Tower); ② In the past, Emperor Jian was chosen as an example to leave your majesty (the former "took" as a reason, and the latter "took" as a purpose. (Example) 3 Fu Su reasoned with numbers, so that the conditions on which the ambassadors (Chen She family) acted and acted could be translated as "relying on", "following" and "relying on".

(1) can't make the best use of everything (Ma Shuo); (2) You can't destroy a hair on the mountain with the strength of your remaining years (Yugong Yishan); (3) The people in the territory do not take the edge of the frontier, the country does not take the risk of mountains and rivers, and the world does not take advantage of the military revolution (chapter 2 of Mencius); (3) The way of expressing action can be translated as "ba". Such as: ① slaughter fear and throw bones (Wolf) ② make a promise to the first emperor.